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1、目录,专题一记叙文型语法填空专题二 说明文型语法填空专题三 议论文型语法填空,第二模块语法填空,第二模块 语法填空,第二模块 考纲解读,语法填空是广东省自行设计的一种新题型,具有一定的创新意义。主要的创新在于:在语篇层面上考查语言知识,符合新课标倡导的语言学习理念;试题设计采用了填空方式,而不是单项选择,真正激活了学生的语言知识及应用能力,对中学英语教学有较好的反拨作用;考试内容不仅涉及句子的语法结构,还包括构词法、篇章连贯和意义对句子结构的制约作用(比如:代词的指称涉及篇章的连贯等),符合语言真实性的要求,让学生在更加真实的语境中应用自己的语言知识。,第二模块 命题分析,主要考查的知识点:一
2、是语法,二是上下文的连贯性,而且语法是重点。它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握和逻辑推理能力等。其命题特点如下:1.短文长度。在150200词,其中2009年高考题是220词,2010年高考题是182词,2011年高考题是215词。2.考查篇章理解。语法填空是以短文为载体,考查语法的同时,也考查了考生对语篇的理解。3.考查基础语法。所填词语既要意思连贯和富有逻辑性(符合语境),又要语法正确。重点考查动词、代词、介词、冠词、词类转换等基础知识。,第二模块 命题分析,4命题形式。(1)给出提示词题型:填实义词用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。主要提
3、供的是动词、形容词、名词三大类,考生需要根据语境写出正确的词形,一般有3个小题。包括动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词,形容词和副词的比较等级,名词的单复数,以及词类或词义的转换等。(2)纯空格题型:填功能词空后没给词,要求考生根据文意、上下文连贯性和行文逻辑,填入一个恰当的词,包括代词、介词、限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、连词、时间及地点副词等。,第二模块 命题分析,语法填空三年高考考点:从考试说明的样题和近三年的高考题来看,实词以动词、代词、形容词、副词为主,其中动词又是重中之重;虚词以介词、冠词为主。而句法方面主要考查复合句的引导词,如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等。,第二模块 应试
4、点睛,语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文,然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求:一是在空格处填入适当的词;二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。1语法填空的考查范围(1)语境(上下文);(2)语法:动词、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级及构词法、倒装等。动词:时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词等;引导词:一些从句的使用,如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等;,第二模块 应试点睛,形容词、副词、名词、动词之间的词型、词性转换,形容词与副词的比较级、最高级等;介词:一些常用介词的基本用法、介词短语的用法;名词、冠词:注意名词的单
5、数、复数、可数、不可数以及冠词的特殊性用法;代词:注意代词所指代的对象和前后对应的关系;并列词:and,so,or,otherwise等表示并列、对比的词,以及表示承接、转折的副词therefore,however的用法;句型:要求归纳整理,并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型,如:not.until.;not only.but(also).;so.that.;not.but.;as.as.;either.or.;more.than.;neither.nor.;such.that.;hardly.when.;no sooner.than.等。,第二模块 应试点睛,2语法填空的能力要求(1)阅读/理解语
6、篇的能力;(2)分析句子结构的能力;(3)熟练运用语法的能力;(4)单词拼写能力。,第二模块 应试点睛,第二模块 题型探究,探究点一纯空格题型 考生需要根据语境在每个空格处填入一个合适的词,主要考查连词、介词、代词、冠词等。1根据语境判断词义 通过句意或语篇的要求确定单词的含义,此种设计考查点包括实词和虚词。值得注意的是,有时通过句子本身或上下两个句子就可以确定词义,但有时要通过几个句子、一个段落甚至整个篇章结构才能确定。判断词义可以通过定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定。,第二模块 题型探究,1(1)定义法:是指通过定义解释、定语从句、同位语等判断词义,这类词主要是名词。例1 We a
7、re all in the position of the_.If we plant a good seed,we will get a good harvest.If our seed is poor and full of weeds,well get a useless crop.If we dont plant anything,well harvest nothing at all.,【答案】farmer【解析】通过后面句子的含义解释可以确定空格词义是“农夫,农民”,特别是几个关键词“plant,seed,harvest”与farmer的工作特点是完全一致的。,第二模块 题型探究,(
8、2)对比法:指通过句子的对比关系来判断所缺单词的词义,通常可以通过一些连词或副词来判断,如but,or,however,while,on the contrary,on the other hand等。例2 There are more _ teachers in my school than men teachers.,【答案】women【解析】通过对比后面的men teachers可以确定空格词义是“女性的”,即名词women作定语修饰teachers。,第二模块 题型探究,(3)因果法:指通过句子的内在联系或句子之间存在的因果关系来判断词义。例3 The museum was so_ t
9、hat it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.,【答案】large【解析】根据结果状语从句的含义“不可能一天之内看完所有的展品”可以判断主句指的是“博物馆太大了”。,第二模块 题型探究,(4)语境线索:即通过上下语境确定空格内要填的词的词义。例4 One day mother looked at Nicks shoes and said,“Nick,look at your shoes.How _they are!You must clean them.”,【答案】dirty【解析】根据语境“看看你的鞋子,你必须把它们
10、弄干净”可以判断空格处所填词的词义是“脏的”。句意:你的鞋子多么脏啊!,第二模块 题型探究,2根据句子成分确定词性对于纯空格形式的填空,在确定词义后,还要判断所填词的词性。词性的判断主要是通过分析句子的成分来确定。一般情况下可以作如下分析:(1)主语和宾语一般由名词、代词充当,有时也由动名词、不定式短语充当。例5 From Monday to Friday,most people are busy working or studying,but in the evening or on weekends they are free to relax and enjoy _.,【答案】thems
11、elves【解析】此处考查代词作宾语的用法。根据句子结构,句子的主语是they,谓语是are free,to relax and enjoy.是目的状语,在这个状语中缺宾语,再根据语境“周末时自由放松”,所以要使用反身代词themselves。,第二模块 题型探究,(2)谓语主要是由动词充当。在确定词义后,要判断其时态和语态。时态一般只考查一般现在时和一般过去时。但有时也可能涉及非谓语动词。例6 She is the one who always takes his sorrow as her own sorrow,the one who always_ by his side whether
12、 he is poor or rich.,【答案】stands【解析】此处考查作谓语的动词,根据语境,此空含义是“站在(他身边)”,即 stand。同时根据前后句的时态可以判断要使用一般现在时,由于主语是she,所以使用第三人称单数stands。,第二模块 题型探究,例7 At midnight,I woke up to find the girl _ soundly in her mothers embrace.I could see the smile of security on her face.,【答案】sleeping【解析】此处考查语境理解及宾补结构的用法。根据语境“半夜我醒来时
13、发现那个女孩正在她妈妈的怀抱中熟睡”,所以使用动词sleep的现在分词形式充当补语。,第二模块 题型探究,(3)表语、定语和补语一般由形容词充当,有时也由动名词、现在分词和过去分词等充当。例8 Every year,on Spring Festival Eve,CCTV broadcasts its Spring Festival Gala_ to millions of viewers.,【答案】live【解析】此处考查语境理解及形容词充当补语的用法。broadcast.live意为“现场直播”。,第二模块 题型探究,(4)状语主要由副词充当。例9 He dug for 12 hours.2
14、4 hours._,in the 38th hour,he pulled back a large stone and heard his sons voice.,【答案】Eventually/Finally【解析】此处考查语境理解及副词充当状语的用法。从语境可以推断此空含义是“终于,最后”,由于是修饰后面的整个句子,所以使用副词形式。,第二模块 题型探究,3根据句子类型确定词类若两个或几个简单句之间是逗号,可以判断,一定是填连词。连词有两类,一种是并列连词,一种是从属连词。我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。主要有以下几种句型:(1)并列句:一般由“简单句并列连词简单句”构成,有时并列连
15、词前有逗号,可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词,如同等关系(and)、转折关系(but)、选择关系(or)、因果关系(so)等。,第二模块 题型探究,例10“There are many mainland students at my university and all the other universities in Hong Kong.These students could not speak Cantonese at first,_ I had to speak putonghua to make friends with them,”said Cheung.,【答案】so【解析】根
16、据上下句的语义可以判断是因果关系,所以用so。句意为:这些学生不会讲广东话,所以,为了跟他们交朋友,我不得不讲普通话。,第二模块 题型探究,(2)状语从句:通过语境理解、判断上下文的逻辑关系,判断其是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他状语从句,最后确定所缺连词。例11 _the sun came out,he looked down and laughed.There was no abyss.Just six inches down there was a rock.,【答案】As/When【解析】根据前后两个都是简单句可以判断是缺少连词;从第一句的含义来看,是表示时间的状语从句,所以
17、用as/when。,第二模块 题型探究,(3)名词性从句:当确定为名词性从句后,可以分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语,如果缺以上成分,一般情况下要使用what,有时可能使用who/whom或which;如果不缺以上成分,则考虑句子意思是否完整,完整的句子可以用that,意思不完整的则考虑用where,why,how,because等。例12 I was in the train sitting opposite a middleaged couple.They were ordinary in every aspect,but _ they did touched me deeply.,【答案】
18、what【解析】此处考查主语从句的引导词。从句中缺表示物的主语,所以使用what。,第二模块 题型探究,(4)定语从句:当确定为定语从句后,首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点还是其他,然后判断引导词在从句中的成分,再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导词。例13 However,Cheung,_ graduated from Hong Kong Baptist University this summer,has found that now she needs putonghua more than ever.,【答案】who【解析】此处考查非限制性定语从句的引导词的用法。由于先行词是人
19、Cheung(张),引导词在从句中作主语,所以使用who。,第二模块 题型探究,4根据固定搭配、典型句型确定动词、名词、介词等 固定搭配的短语及习惯用法是属于比较简单的考点,只要平时注意积累基本上就能答对。例14 Volunteers work plays an important _in Americas high school education.,【答案】part【解析】此处考查短语play a part in的搭配用法。但有时命题者会在设计时增加一些难度,在短语之间插入其他一些成分,或将固定连用的短语分隔开来,这一点也需注意。,第二模块 题型探究,例15 Some parents tr
20、ied to pull him off the schools ruins,saying,“Its too late!They are all dead!There is nothing you can do!”_each parent he responded with the same line:“Are you going to help me now?”And then he continued to dig for his son,stone by stone.,【答案】To【解析】此处考查短语respond to的固定搭配。由于宾语each parent放在了句首,短语被拆开,所以
21、难度加大了许多。,第二模块 题型探究,探究点二给出提示词题型 1提示词是动词 当括号内提供的是动词时,主要判断其是谓语还是非谓语。(1)当考查的是谓语时,首先要判断其时态和语态。例1 Since Hong Kong _(rejoin)China in 1997,more students from the Chinese mainland have chosen to study there.,【答案】rejoined【解析】此处考查作谓语的动词形式。根据主句的时态have chosen及从句的时间状语in 1997,此空动词应该是一般过去时态。,第二模块 题型探究,(2)如果考查非谓语,要判
22、断非谓语在句中的成分,根据不同成分使用适当的形式,其中使用ing形式和ed形式居多,有时也考查to do,to be done,having done等形式。例2 Ten years ago,Jessica Cheung was only 13._(live)with her parents in Hong Kong,she knew little putonghua.,【答案】Living【解析】此处考查作非谓语的动词形式。动词live(生活)作原因状语,与逻辑主语she是主动关系,所以使用现在分词living。,第二模块 题型探究,2提示词是形容词或副词 如果括号内提供的是形容词,一般是考
23、查副词,即要变成副词形式;如果括号内提供的是副词,一般是考查形容词,即要变成形容词形式。但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。例3“Thirtyfive cents,”she said_(rude),【答案】rudely【解析】此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词,要用来修饰动词said,所以要使用副词形式。,第二模块 题型探究,例4 At last,her courage and _(wise)impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.,【答案】wisdom【解析】括号内提供的是形容词,但此空与前面的名词courage
24、是并列成分,一起充当主语,所以要使用名词形式wisdom。,第二模块 题型探究,3提示词是名词 当括号内提供的是名词时,一般考查其形容词形式,但有时也可能考查其副词、动词等形式。例5 There,my voice sounds really_(wonder)because theres a slight echo to it.,【答案】wonderful【解析】括号内提供的是名词,但此空作系动词sounds的表语,所以要使用形容词形式。,第二模块 题型探究,例6 A certain man planted a rose and watered it_(faith)and before it b
25、lossomed,he examined it.,【答案】faithfully【解析】括号内提供的是名词,但此空是作状语,修饰动词water,所以要变成副词。注意:先将名词faith变成形容词faithful,然后再变成副词faithfully。,专题一 记叙文型语法填空,专题一记叙文型语法填空,专题一 专题导读,记叙文体裁主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类的文章,是常见的文体。在语法填空篇章中,其语言特点有:1以一般过去时为主,其他时态为辅。合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态,使文章所叙述的动作具有层次感和立体感。2广泛使用动态动词。这些动词的存在会使文章充满“动感”,而这种让往事历历在目的“动感
26、”正是优秀的记叙文所要追求的效果。,专题一 真题典例,2011广东卷 One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival.I left it early because I had an appointment_1_(late)that day.My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me_2_ the bus arrived.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back,and then I noticed
27、 a man_3_(sit)at the front.He_4_(pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.He must be_5_(mental)disabled.Behind him were other people to_6_he was trying to talk,but after some minutes_7_ walked away and sat near me,looking annoyed.,专题一 真题典例,I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to
28、him but I didnt like leaving him_8_ his own either.After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had_9_ amazing conversation.He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.Im glad I made the choice.It
29、made_10_ of us feel good.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._,专题一 真题典例,【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”的一次坐车经历:在公交车上遇到一个好像是弱智的人,其他人都躲开了,而“我”走近了他,和他聊起来,一路上“我”俩都很高兴。1later考查副词的用法。我离开得较早因为那天晚些时候我有个约会。2till/until考查状语从句的连接词。我的朋友一直陪我直到公共汽车来。3sitting/sit考查动词的用法。notice sb doing/do sth.意为“注意到某人正在做某事/做了某事”。4was pretending考查动词的时
30、态。由giving it a voice可知用过去进行时。,专题一 真题典例,5mentally考查副词的用法。此处disabled是形容词,用副词修饰。6whom考查定语从句的关系词。此处he was trying to talk to 是定语从句,people是先行词,whom作介词to的宾语。7they考查代词的用法。他们走开然后坐在我的旁边。8on考查词组的用法。此处考查词组on ones own(alone)。9an考查冠词的用法。amazing是以元音音素开头,故用an。10both考查代词的用法。由上文 We had amazing conversation可知“我们俩”都很高兴
31、。,专题一 新题预测,Elevenyearold Angela was stricken with a disease involving her nervous system.The doctors did not hold out much hope of her ever recovering _1_ this illness.They predicted shed spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair._2_ Angela firmly believed that she was definitely going to be walkin
32、g again someday.The doctors were charmed by her _3_(defeatable)spirit.They taught her about imagingabout seeing herself _4_(walk)Angela would work as hard as possible in physical therapy(理疗),lying there faithfully doing her imaging,visualizing herself moving,moving,moving!,专题一 新题预测,One day,_5_ she w
33、as straining with all her might to imagine her legs moving again,_6_ seemed as though a miracle happened:the bed moved!She screamed out,“Look what I _7_(do)!Look!Look!I can do it!I moved,I moved!”Of course,_8_ this very moment everyone _9_ in the hospital was screaming,too.It was the San Francisco e
34、arthquake.But dont tell _10_ to Angela.Shes convinced that she did it.And now only a few years later,shes back in school.On her own two legs.No walking sticks,no wheelchair.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._,专题一 新题预测,【解析】靠轮椅行走的安吉拉,连医生对她的康复都不抱希望,但她始终没有放弃,一次地震让她觉得是她自己的脚动了,并对此坚信不疑,几年后她真的靠自己的双脚重新走进了学校。1fromre
35、cover from an illness意为“从疾病中恢复过来”。2But与前句是转折关系。3undefeatable在名词前作定语,要用形容词;由语境可知,此处应表示“不败的”,故填undefeatable。句意:医生为她永不言败的精神所折服。4walkingsee sb doing“看见某人在做某事”。5asas表示“正当时”。,专题一 新题预测,6it句式搭配:it seems as if/as though.仿佛是 7am doing句意:看,我在做什么!8atat this very moment意为“此刻”。9else用于复合不定代词或疑问词后,表示“其他的”,用else。10that/it替代前文说的地震这回事。,