《初中英语不定式复习.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初中英语不定式复习.ppt（72页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、动词不定式,概说动词不定式(to do)是初中英语课的一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆,（1）基本形式：to+动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带 to）,动词不定式,A、作主语,To learnLearning a foreign language is not easy.,To help helping others is good.It is good others.帮助他人是件好事。,to help,=Its not easy to learn a
2、foreign language.,动词不定式用法,动词不定式在句中作主语时，除了直接作主语外，常置于句末，而用it代替其做形式主语It is adj（形容词）for/of sbto do sth或 It is n（名词）for/of sb to do sth句型中，it仅作形式主语。It is a good idea to speak English with foreigners.注：此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出，逻辑主语由of引出时,表语的形容词为kind，nice,good，polite，rude,clever，foolish，right，wrong等修饰人的形容词。
3、例：Its right of him to do so.It is dangerous for you to swim in the river.,返回,B、作表语，放在be 之后,The important thing is to finish the work on time.,What you have to do now is(打扫教室),to clean the classroom,动词不定式,Ones jobhobbyworkplandreamhopewish interest is to do sthHis wish is to become a scientist Our du
4、ty is to protect the enviroment.The first important thing is to save the children,C 作宾语,动词+to do常见动词有 agree,decide,fail,hope,startlikelove wish,want,plan,would like,prefer,needbegintryoffer,等,1 He decided(buy)the camera.,to buy,2 I want(listen to)some music after class.,to listen to,3 I hope(travel)
5、all over the world one day.,to travel,动词不定式,stop，forget，remember，go on,continue,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。提示板：1）stop to do sth：停止一件事，去做另一件事。stop doing sth：停止正在做的事。例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；when he came out，the students stopped to talk 当老师走出去时，学
6、生们又开始说话。,2）思考：forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？,2)动词+疑问词+to do,I dont know what to do.how to do it/that.(去哪里)(什么时候出发)(选择哪个),Where to go,When to leave,Which one to choose,动词不定式,“疑问词不定式”用法 不定式前可带what，who，which，where，when，how,whose，等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例：He didnt tell me where to
7、go.(直宾)I dont know what to say now.(宾语)I dont know what to do next（宾语）He taught us how to use the computer（宾语补足语）Its still a question how to get there（主语）在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(to be+过去分词)”例：There are twenty more trees to be planted.,返回,3)find+it(形式宾语）+宾补+to do,I find it important to learn English,我发现
8、很难和他好好相处.我发现在炎热的夏天很容易入睡,I find it hard to get on well with him.,I find it easy to fall asleep in hot summer.,动词不定式,点击规律：在findfeel/think itadjto do sth句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如：The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text,1)动词+宾语+to do,Li Mei asked me to
9、show her the new dictionary.,注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tellinvite wish,ask,Want,would like,invite,teach,help,allow,encourage,advise 等。,2)动词+宾语+do,(不带 to 的不定式),注：常用的动词是:感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice；使役动词 have,make,let.,动词不定式做宾补,注：常用的动词是:感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice sb do sth与see,hear,feel,watch,notice sb doin
10、g sth区别：I often hear Tom _(talk)in class.When I entered the room I noticed Tom _(listen)to music.使役动词 have makelet Sb do sth.His father hadmadelet him _(run)for an hour.,作定语,不定式作定语时，必须放在被它修饰的名词或代词后面。,我有封信要写。Ive got a letter to write.,你想喝点什么？,Would you like something to drink?,She is the first girl t
11、o go to college in her family.她是她们家第一个上大学的女孩。,I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.,(5).定语,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.),Im looking for somewhere to liveI dont know where to live the place to live in,不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词
12、的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：,(1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。,E、作状语,可以表目的、表结果、表原因,F、作定语（必须后置）,I came here(告诉你一个好消息),to tell you a good news,We have a lot of homework to do
13、every day.,I have a good news to tell you.,我们每天有很多作业要做.,我有个好消息要告诉你.,动词不定式,在学习动词不定式的时候还有两点要注意哦！,1、在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，不定式可省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上to,如,1)I always see her play the violin.,2)He was made(work)12 hours a day.,-She is always seen the violin.,to play,to work,注意事项：,not+to do,Mr.Smith asked the boy
14、_(not play)this kind of game.,not to play,Please tell her _(not do)so much housework.,not do,返回主页,动词不定式的否定形式,一、常使用动词不定式的短语 1、Its time to do sth.Its time for sth 该作某事的时候了.2、cant wait to do sth.迫不及待要作某事 3、ask/telle sb.(not)to do sth.要求/告诉某人(不)作某事 4、allow sb.to do sth.允许某人作某事 5、be supposed to do sth.应该
15、作某事 6、Would like/want(sb.)to do sth.想要作某事,中考重点句型,7、have sth/nothing to do 有时要做/与无关 8、find it+adj.to do sth.发觉作某事 9、prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿作某事,而不愿作某事 10、Its+adj.for sb.to do sth.作某事对某人来说 11、Its better/best to do sth.最好做某事 12、It takes sb.sometime.to do sth.某人做某事用了一些时间,中考重点句型,1、一看二听三使役 s
16、ee/hear/feel/notice/look at/listen to sb.do sth.看见/听见/感觉/注意某人作某事 make/let/have sb.do sth.使/让某人做某事 2、help sb.(to)do sth/with sth.帮助某人作某事 3、had better(not)do sth.最好(不)做某事 4、Why dont you/not do sth.为什么不作某事 5、Would/Will/Could you please(not)do sth.请你(不)作某事好吗?,省略动词不定式的短语,1、stop to do sth.停下正在做的事去作另一件事 st
17、op doing sth.停止正在作的事 eg.When the teacher came into the classroom,the students stopped talking.After he worked for an hour,he stopped to have a rest.2、forget/remember to do sth.忘记/记得要去作某事 forget/remember doing sth.忘记记得曾经做过某事 eg.Please remember to bring my book to school.I remember doing my homework,同
18、义词比较,3、used to do sth.过去常常作某事 be used to do sth.被用来作某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于作某事 eg.My father used to smoke.Wood is used to make paper.I am used to getting up early.,同义词比较,5、tooto do sth.太而不能 so+adj./adv+that(从句)如此以致 such+（a/an+adj.）+n.+that(从句)如此以致(not)+adjadv+enough(for sb.)to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事(
19、不)够 eg.The boy is too young to go to school.The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.The boy is not old enough to go to school.,同义词比较,1.The workers want us _ together with them.A.work B.working C.to work D.worked,2.-The light in the office is sti
20、ll on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off,3.There isnt any difference between the two.I really dont know _.A.where to choose B.which to choose C.to choose what D.to choose which,4.The teacher told them _make so much noise.A.dont B.not C.will not D.no
21、t to,C,C,B,D,1.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eat,2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding,3.He gave us some advice on how_ English.A.learning B.learne
22、d C.to learn D.learn,4.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing?A.thisB.thatC.it D.he,5.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen,C,C,C,C,B,6.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.restin
23、g C.to rest D.rest,7.Im thirsty.Would you please give me something_.A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking,8.Tom is the first _ to school.A.get B.to get C.getting D.got,9.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to,
24、10.I saw him _ out of the room.A.go B.had gone C.has gone D.goes,C,B,B,A,A,根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1Its time for us _（have）supper 2Would you like_（go）shopping with me？3It took us half an hour_（work）out the problem 4He is old enough_（join）the army 5I feel strange_（have）a twin sister 6I am very glad_（mee
25、t）you here 7They prefer_（stay）at home rather than go out 8We saw them_（come）into the room just now 9What he said made me_（feel）sorry 10I am sorryI forgot_（tell）you the news 11His plan is_（spend）a few days in the mountains 12Have you got anything_（say）？13Have you decided which one_（choose）？14Do you k
26、now when_（start）？15He is too weak_（carry）the big stone,to go 主语,to go 宾语,to work 主语,to join 结果状语,to have 形容词补足语(原),to meet 形容词补足语(原),to stay 宾语,to come 宾补,to feel 宾补,to tell 宾语,to spend 表语,to say 定语,to choose 定语,to start 不定式短语作宾语,to carry 结果状语,HAVE A TEST,1.Do you have anything _(say)at the meeting?
27、,2.The man ran out _(see)what was wrong.,3.She was often heard _(sing)in English.,4.Stop _(read),please.Ive something to tell you.,to say,to see,to sing,reading,中考链接,1 She was surprised me last night.（08广东茂名）A to see B see C saw2 Wang often asks us too much meat.（08广东）A dont eat B not eat C not to e
28、at D doesnt eat3 Its dangerous for you that tall tree.（08 安徽）A climb B to climb C climbing D climbed4-Mary was heard just now.What happened？（08江苏）-John was telling a joke.A cry B to cry C laugh D to laugh,A,C,B,D,定 语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。例：He is the first person to sail around the world.I have a lo
29、t of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，且动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：I have a small bedroom to live in Have you got some pens to write with？,返回,作 状 语 a目的状语：放在go，come，use，live，in order等词后面。如：I come to see you He runs fa
30、st in order to get there in time They brought in photos of their families for me to look at b原因状语：放在sorry，glad，surprised，disappointed，excited等词后面。（有些资料上把这类称为不定式在表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明，作形容词补足语）如：I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you c作结果状语。如：Some of the apples are hard to reach The r
31、oom is large enough to hold 1000 people,返回,宾语补足语(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to：tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，等词后面常接不定式作宾补。例：Iaskedafriendtoreadittome I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see，watch，hear，feel，make，let，have，obser
32、ve，notice，help等)后不带to 的不定式作宾补。如：The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room 提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。如：They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard to sing in the next room,返回,“疑问词不定式”用法 不定式前可带what，who，which，where，when，how,whose，等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中作宾语
33、、宾语补足语、主语等。例：He didnt tell me where to go.(直宾)I dont know what to say now.(宾语)I dont know what to do next（宾语）He taught us how to use the computer（宾语补足语）Its still a question how to get there（主语）在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(to be+过去分词)”例：There are twenty more trees to be planted.,返回,根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1Its
34、time for us _（have）supper 2Would you like_（go）shopping with me？3It took us half an hour_（work）out the problem 4He is old enough_（join）the army 5I feel strange_（have）a twin sister 6I am very glad_（meet）you here 7They prefer_（stay）at home rather than go out 8We saw them_（come）into the room just now 9W
35、hat he said made me_（feel）sorry 10I am sorryI forgot_（tell）you the news 11His plan is_（spend）a few days in the mountains 12Have you got anything_（say）？13Have you decided which one_（choose）？14Do you know when_（start）？15He is too weak_（carry）the big stone,to go 主语,to go 宾语,to work 主语,to join 结果状语,to h
36、ave 形容词补足语(原),to meet 形容词补足语(原),to stay 宾语,to come 宾补,to feel 宾补,to tell 宾语,to spend 表语,to say 定语,to choose 定语,to start 不定式短语作宾语,to carry 结果状语,动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式。,构成：to+动词原形,主语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语,动词不定式做主语,动词不定式做主语时，主要放在句首，多数情况是用it来开始一个句子，而把不定式置于后面。,It can save your time to make a list in the store.列个单子
37、可以节省你在商店购物的时间。,很容易犯错。,Its easy to make mistakes.,Its difficult to finish the work on time.,很难按时完成这项工作。,动词不定式做宾语,我希望能再次见到你。I hope to see you again.,Dont forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。,我弟弟想当医生。,My brother wants to be a doctor.,她喜欢唱流行歌曲。,She likes to sing pop songs.,能以不定式作宾语的动词有：,agree,ask,choose,
38、decide,forget,happen,hope,learn,like,love,manage,offer,remember,start,try,want,wish,prefer,作宾语补足语,动词+宾语+动词不定式,作宾语补足语,advise,allow,ask,force,help,invite,like,need,order,teach,tell,want,上周日我朋友邀请我参加他的生日宴会。,My friend invited me to go to his birthday party last Sunday.,请告诉她不要再迟到了。,Please tell her not to
39、be late again.,有些动词后面需要跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，常见的动词如下。,let,make,see,hear,feel,watch,notice,这令你放松。This makes you relax.,我听见她在隔壁看电视。,I heard her watch TV in the next room.,我迫使他们把钱还给了我。,I made them give me the money back.,作定语,不定式作定语时，必须放在被它修饰的名词或代词后面。,我有封信要写。Ive got a letter to write.,你想喝点什么？,Would you lik
40、e something to drink?,She is the first girl to go to college in her family.她是她们家第一个上大学的女孩。,不定式作状语,作目的状语，常与in order to 或 so as to 连用，否定式是in order not to 或 so as not to,我来这看望朋友。I come here to visit my friend.,我到英国来是为了了解更多的英国文化I came to Britain so as to know more about British culture.,他太懒了，起不早。He is t
41、oo lazy to get up early.,做结果状语，常与tooto,enoughto,或者soas to连用,He got up so late so as to miss the train.,他起床太晚了，因而错过了火车。,动词不定式,否定结构,不定式,to do,一般结构,not to do,1.作主语,2.作宾语,3.作宾语补足语,4.作定语,5.作状语,6.作表语,7.作独立成分,8.与疑问词等连用,三.用法/功能,To see is to believe.Its important to learn.,(1).主语,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.,M
42、y job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.,is,is,(2).表语,I want to go home.The workers needed to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.,(3)宾语,think/consider/find it+adj.+to do,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,set outchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.,The teac
43、her told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.,(4).宾补,五看,watch,see,look at,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,listen to,hear,一感觉:,feel,warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等,I made him do his work.,He was made to do his work(by me).,不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么
44、介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.,(1).She could do nothing but cry.(2).I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.,I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.,(5).定语,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.),不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰
45、词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：,(1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。,2.不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。,3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。He had no money
46、 and no place to live.他没钱没地方住。,请给我一支写字的笔.,Please give me a pen to write with.,4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,注意比较：,Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是you）2.Do you have anything to be sent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else）,I c
47、ame here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.,(6)状语,in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,关于小品词to,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词.,eg:Would you like to go with me?Id like to.,(2).不定式是to be 结构,be 不可省.,eg:Would you like to be a teacher?Id like to be.,不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what 等连用，在
48、句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,He didnt know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语)My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语),注意：,在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Why not have a rest?,固定句型:,had better/had best+(not)do sth.最好（不）做某事Why(not)do sth.?
49、prefer to do/prefer doingprefer+n./doing A+to+n./doing Bprefer+to do A rather than(to)do Bwould rather(not)do sth.would rather do A than(do)Bwould rather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）要做,Exercise,My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.giving up B.to give up C.give up D.given up2.The Arctic is cons
50、idered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.having been B.to have beenC.to be D.being3.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.having turned it off,B,C,C,4.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.school to study in B.school for
