[研究生入学考试]考研作文复习笔录.doc

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1、考研作文复习笔录(Charles整理)卡饭vickykan202001 年英语平均分52.79分。作文平均11分作文在40-70分之间写作课的学习方法：八字方针：背诵 五背原则精彩词汇(文章中的)；精彩句型；文章里精彩的句子；万能的框架；经典范文 默写（reading makes a full man writing makes an exact man）可以查出一些细小的错误，而这是判卷老师最不可忍受的地方。 互译 把精彩的文章翻成中文，过一段时间再复原成中文描红 既是模仿，仿效，通过这四个环节最终产生高分作文我们的原则是：坚持一种写法，一写到底，把复杂的问题简单化，一看到就不自觉的想这样写

2、。写作的三个阶段：牢记、效仿、持之以恒一、考生写作的困境及其对策、滔滔不绝意识流中文的特点：情感分段；作者想到哪说的哪，观点由读者领会，听弦外之音，语言含蓄而隐晦 英文的特点：逻辑分段；思维严谨，观点由作者交待，是什么就是什么，比较直接，直来直去 要学会运用英文的思维。“猴子原则”（只要香蕉）：the monkey principle 提纲原则，提纲要你干么你就要干么，只写最需要的，注重命题的提纲 还要量化：个字，即（最好状态）（基础不太好的人）句话。、无话可说真难受年的情况：（标题提纲），社会性的问题，联系生活实际情况，从身边的方方面面中找到话题。、真情流露没必要只需要“相关”，只要大方向相

3、同就可以了，不要想的太远考作文不是考的人的思想，而是制造一个机会使你展示自己的书面表达英语的能力，应该把内容方面的构思时间降低到最低限度，而花时间在推敲每一个句子，每一个表达上。、英语表达憋得慌达到分：安全第一：句子结构，语法简单原则：词汇，在点缀一些包装性的结构达到分以上：（是有得20分的可能性的），要求词汇多变：多使用同义词、近义词，别重复用词；句子结构多变：一定要有复杂的句子结构得分太低的原因是树干出了问题：谓语部分、核心部分有刺眼的错误：主谓一致动词时态定冠词和不定冠词名词单复数介词、副词的搭配；拼写错误不高的原因是树枝的问题：状语从句、定语从句、非谓语从句等绿叶：各种修饰对每一个句子

4、，从写作的角度，从这三个层次上用心体会每一个句子高分的特点：有树干，树干没有被虫咬过，即便是被虫咬，也只是个别地方有刺眼的错误，然后还有树枝，树枝还比较多，还有绿叶的衬托（比如动词和副词的修饰，搭配，effective measures等等），这样就比较精彩了。所以我们要对每一个精彩的句子都要从这三个方面考虑分析。、处于被动危害大：写作应是主动的，避免不利于自己的词和句， 别去说自己说不清楚的东西，不去写自己没有把握的东西，不要把自己搞得很被动。希望大家从错误中提高自己。在35分钟内写完年作文题（五大经典题型中的一种）二、透视91年到2001年真题,提炼重点题型,归纳总结经典段落 、历届真题

5、从年开始第一次考研作文命题，基本上和托福作文命题差不多 “Where to live ,in the city or the country?” title 开头有一句话 ：Some people think that people living in the country enjoy more advantages than those who live in the city. outline (提纲)1.convenoences of the city 2.attractions of the country 3.disadvantages of both 4.my preferenc

6、e Private Car Nowadays, any Chinese can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car if he can afford it. Outline： 1.advantages of owning a private car 2.disadvantages of owning a private car 3.should it be necessary to enlarge the private car market? Why or why not? 如果认为不应该发展小汽车，最后一段就写不应该发展小汽车的几个理由。 如果

7、最后一段表示支持，调整结构： 第段写小汽车的好处 1,2,3第段写小汽车的坏处 1,2,3第段写为什么要发展小汽车 年标题 (必需要写，对93，95，99，2000，2001的命题产生了影响)For a better understanding between parent and child 1.Present situation: lack of communication between parent and child 2.possible reasons: a .different likes and dislikes b. misunderstanding c. others 3.

8、suggestions: a. for parents b. for children 第二段不管是单数还是复数，都应该写几个理由 第三段不管是单数还是复数，至少要写到两点 详细记录年提纲经典题型之一 年Advertisement on TV 1.Present state 2.Reasons 3.My comments 年On making friends 1.the need for friendship（为什么要交朋友，友谊的必要性，理由） 2.true friendship（解释性段落十大经典段落之一）参看年月四（熟能生巧）、六级考试（欲速则不达） 写掉这三个段落大学英语考试高分作文

9、这种题型历史上只考过一次（学会怎样写解释性的段落）3.my principle in making friends 年The project hope （希望工程）1.present situation 2.necessity of the project 3.my suggestion 年（命题的巨大失败，因为它被猜到了）Good health 1.importance of good health 2.ways to keep fit 3.my own practice （命题结构的分水岭，想到了雅斯，但该年依然不成功） 1.interpret the pictures （实际上同讲现状，

10、只不过是图标上的）2.predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons（容易写成畸形文章，所以说不成功）可以改为，第一，现在的状况 第二项，为什么这样，第三 预算未来 （当年有不少0分作文，因为写了与图标无关的内容）年图画作文 （仍不是太成功，甚至是失败的）一只母鸡拿着一张纸，上面写着“如此承诺”本母鸡承诺下的鸡蛋有蛋清、蛋黄、蛋壳，旁边有一首打油诗 ：各行各业兴承诺，欢迎监督不推脱， 原本皆为份内事，何须高唱文明歌评论：出现了漫画作文，不小的进步，但提纲不太成熟，容易误导人写出不像文章的文章）1.write o

11、ut the message conveyed by the cartoon 2.give your comments 年 （步入正规，必写题目）Directions: A. studying the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 wordsB. your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2C. your essay should cover these three points: （猴子原则）1.effect of the countrys

12、growing human population on its wildlife（现状）2.possible reason for the effect （理由）3.your suggestion for wild life protection （建议措施）essay:论文要有开头introduction, 主体body, 结论conclusion 91到96年历史留给我们的是 、几个经典段落、提纲outline（也就是思路） 图画作文比较公正客观 年是经典题型之二 年是经典题型之三 （也是必写题目）1.Describe the picture(描述图片，解释图表十大经典段落之一) 2.De

13、duce（推断，推论） the purpose of the drawer of the pictures（画家的意图十大经典段落之一） 3.Suggest your countermeasures 年命题不成功没有想到现实生活中人是怎么欣赏漫画的 看漫画的三步曲、看画、画家想干嘛、看了画以后会要采取什么行动 （正好和提纲相对应）A brief history of world commercial fishing 注意：漫画不需要动很多脑筋，看漫画时不需要想太多（练习写小鸟哭树的文章） 年 满分例文As is shown in the pictures, we can see clearly

14、 that with the increase of commercial fishing, the number of fishes sharply/dramatically decreased. In one picture, there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900.On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, with(but的重心在后面，with表示伴随的状况重心在前面) many fishing-boats. （分析：第一句主题句，二三句

15、分析图片）The purpose of this picture is to show us that due（足够的充分的） attention has to be paid to the decreased. Owing to overfishing the number of fish has obviously decreased. If we let this situation continue/go as it is(描述性语句describe as it is), we wont know where fish is in the future. By that time, o

16、ur environment will suffer a great destruction. 分析：第一句主题句，后面没必要说很多Therefore, it is imperative（迫切的） for us to take effective（drastic,严厉的激烈的）* measures. For one thing, we should appeal to（呼吁） our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing. For another, we should enhance（提高增加） the aw

17、areness of people that the ocean resources are very vital to us. Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources. Also I believe that we humans（human, humans=human beings） can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a bright future. 分析：第一句仍是主题句。每一段都严格按照提纲来写，每一段的第一句话又都是每一段的主题句，这样一来，给人一种很直接的感觉，

18、符合“猴子原则”而且全文用词准确地道，给人深刻印象。 *a series of 一系列,但写作文时千万不要说take a series of measures,这是要受到批判的。因为measures本身就表示多，所以我们要说采取什么性质的措施，而不是多少措施， take a series of measures是中文式英语，只能表明你的无知和不地道。、 本文个词（写到180个词就不会扣分）、个句子（说两分钟左右的时间）第段句话，个单词；第段句话，个单词；第段句话，个单词 提纲第一点里面要你干什么你就干什么 范文十Directions:A. Study the following cartoon

19、 carefully and write an essay in about 200 wordsB. Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2C. Your essay should meet the requirements below:1.Describe the cartoon and the message conveyed2.Draw a conclusion and give your comment on the cartoon选这个文章的目的：其一它代表一种方向，其二这篇的特点是问题有，又有解决问题的方案，构成整体的

20、漫画Today, the earths deserts are spreading and getting larger and desertification is a serious problem facing the world. The major reason for this is irresponsible cutting down of trees. As is shown in the first cartoon, when people cut down trees desert forces on and becomes irrepressible. 其问题就在于第一段

21、就在分析原因作文在判卷的时候注重两个方面：语言、内容 写完后检查：、句子的主语和谓语是否一致 、时态 、名次的单复数 、定冠词和不定冠词 、搭配 、单词的拼写 套用句型时要对句型部分句法结构功能特别清晰 如：As is shown in the pictures, we can see clearly that 后面是要加从句的，而不是单独的名词结构，或者，你可以说As is shown in the pictures, we can see clearly the relationship between people and the desert. 要想用句型来包装自己，首先要对该句型有完

22、全的把握。 例文：As is shown in the pictures, we can see clearly the relationship between people and the deserts. In the first picture, people are fleeing from greedy sand hills because they have cut down all the trees. The caption reads: As the sand advantages, we retreat. In the second picture, the people

23、 have returned carrying tools, water and young trees to plant the land again. The caption reads: As we advance, the sand retreats. 描述图片 考试的目的是考你：词汇两个方面 ：词汇面的宽度 词汇的难度 语法的两个原则：语法的精确性 语法的复杂性 the caption =the words read 漫画中的说明文字 具体的东西抽象化，抽象的东西具体化,总而言之你把意思说出来年（第四个经典题型） 特点：场景提纲图画 第段包涵两个经典段落：描述图画、画家意图 第段具体

24、例证 第段建议措施，具体做法 年大纲样题（第五个经典题型） Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco companies still claim that they make a valuable contribution to the world economy. There is a discussion in a newspaper on the above two viewpoints. Write an essay to the newspaper 1)criticizi

25、ng（评论） their view and 2)justify（证明什么的合理性） your stand. In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the pictures printed below. You should write about 200 words on answer sheet 2. (picture: the year 1997) 特点：原来的经典图表题：提纲图表 、描述图片 、几个可能的理由 、建议措施 经典题型之五： 现在的图表题：场景提纲图表 十大经典段落 现状 解释性段落 描述性段落

26、（图表图画） 开头段落 原因列举（a list of reason） 主体段落 举例（年考研题，参看9年月四六级考题） 意图分析利和弊（自己总结） 中间段落 结尾（自己总结）建议措施预测未来（从没有出现过） 学术性英语的功能段落考的是你的科研能力，胡敏解释原话（精彩）：你在读研究生的时候，你是在搞研究，你必需会描述现状，你必需会解释概念，你必需会把图表转化为文字，你必需会对现在的现状分析它的原因何在，你还要会看一个问题比较客观的看，公正的看它的利与弊，你还要拿具体的事实和例证来说明问题，最后这样还不行，你作为搞研究来说，你不只是描述现状，不只是解释定义，不只是可观分析原因，分析利与弊，说它到底

27、是什么样的真正的背后的意图，你还要怎么样，你还要拿出解决问题的方案，你的建议措施，你还要怎么样，搞科研你还必需会预测未来。从这种角度来说这些功能是作为读研究生必需会的能力，不是survival 而是academic，这是考研究生，不是去移民。Academic functional paragraph.(AFP)把十大段落进行排列组合，就能产生新的提纲。横向的集中的看一项问题，干事情要找到一个focus。作业：1. 沙进我退，我进沙退的那篇写掉2.3段，2.看2000年还要什么可以改进的地方3.把下面两篇文章看可以有什么修改的地方：4.尽量看懂下面的文章：答案：As is shown in th

28、e pictures, we can see clearly that （语法没问题，表意重复，可改为As is seen(shown) in the pictures ,+clause或改为 From the pictures ,we can see clearly that+clause）with the increase of commercial fishing, the number of fishes sharply/dramatically decreased. In one picture, there were various kinds of fish and only o

29、ne fishing-boat in 1900.On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, with many fishing-boats. The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decrease of ocean resources .Owing to overfishing the number of fish has obviously decreased.(decreased重复了三次，完全可以避免，第二

30、个改为decline,第三个可用dropped，同样的词要避免) If we let this situation continue/go as it is, we wont know where fish is in the future.（时态上的混乱，应该为,we do not know where fish will be in the future）如何使作文的时态简单化，以最大程度地避免错误？ 参加国际上的任何一场考试，只要是写英语作文，主体上应该是一般现在时态；只有当你提 到具体的、过去的、某一事件段发生的具体的某一件事情作为例证时，可以一般过去时。中心时态是简单的一般现在时。

31、图画作文 以下四篇背诵文章解决该类题型： 第一：对图画进行描述：第二：透过画面点出图画的寓意；第三：发表议论、提出问题方法和建议。我们要掌握背诵20篇文章，这是第一篇：From the pictures we can see clearly that with the increase of commercial fishing, the number of fishes dramatically decreased. In one picture, there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900.On th

32、e contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, with many fishing-boats.The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decline of ocean resources .Owing to overfishing the number of fish has obviously dropped. If we let this situation go as it is, we do not know wher

33、e fish will be in the future. By that time, our environment will suffer a great destruction. Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing. For another, we should enhance the awareness

34、 of people that the ocean resources are very vital to us. Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources. Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a bright future.现在最大的问题不是没有单词，而是没有句子结构。所以我们写的每一个句子都要从20篇文章中找到参照结构。2.关于沙进我退作文句型：It seems to me that the cartoonis

35、t is sending a message about the importance of trees in water and soil conservation ,and the need for everyone to fight against the danger of desertification. In fact ,what he is saying is that the sand hills will drive us away from the land if we do not against them. If we let this situation go as

36、it is ,our environment will suffer a great destruction.(第二段两个句型，第三个是背的句子)注：漫画作文:一般问题的解决方案不通过图画体现。但如果图画中给出了解决方案，则需要在写作中体现出来。比如本文：第三段：（主题句）The best way to fight back against the greedy desert is made clear in the second picture. There the local people are actively setting about the task of planting tr

37、ees to reclaim(改造) the land and make it fertile. The fact that there are three people in the picture ，each with a different job,（逻辑独立主谓结构，介词短语表示动态概念） suggests that working together（齐心协力） is the key to success in the battle against soil erosion.句型：同位语从句：The fact that +clause suggests that 范文十整理如下：（第二

38、篇背诵范文）From the pictures, we can see clearly the relationship between people and the deserts. In the first picture, people are fleeing from greedy sand hills because they have cut down all the trees. The caption reads: as the sand advantages, we retreat. In the second picture, the people have returne

39、d carrying tools, water and young trees to plant the land again. The caption reads: as we advance, the sand retreats.It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about the importance of trees in water and soil conservation , and the need for everyone to fight against the danger of deserti

40、fication. In fact what he is saying is that the sand hills will drive us away from the land if we do not against them. If we let this situation go as it is , our environment will suffer a great destruction.The best way to fight back against the greedy desert is made clear in the second picture. Ther

41、e the local people are actively setting about the task of planting trees to reclaim the land and make it fertile. The fact that there are three people in the picture ，each with a different job, suggests that working together is the key to success in the battle against soil erosion.范文八（第三篇背诵）Pollutio

42、n is becoming more and more serious all over the world. As is shown in the cartoon, two cars are giving off waste gas and three people are trying to avoid breathing in the poisonous gas by masking their face with their hands. The poisonous gas sent off by factories, domestic appliances and automobil

43、es has made the air unhealthy for people to breathe.（对图画进行描述）There is no denying that automobiles are indications of civilization, progress and development; nevertheless, automobiles cause the serious problem of air pollution. Scientists have warned that unless effective measures are taken, the prob

44、lem of pollution will eventually get out of hand. Actually, people are showing a real concern over the problem.（事实上人们在真正担忧这个问题） For example, there is an increasingly loud voice from the public（公众） for firm action against pollution from automobiles。（解释寓意）Indeed, the earth is our home and we have the

45、duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our descendants. In my opinion, we should work out concrete solutions to the problem of pollution from poisonous gas given off by automobiles. For example, the automobiles should be equipped with a device which can dispose of waste gas so as to prevent i

46、t from polluting air. Only in this way can we really solve the problem of air pollution caused by automobiles.（建议措施）范文九（第四篇背诵）This picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard, and being shocked at the message. This is because the billboard is advertising a Sale of Dead Bodies. T

47、he cartoon is a criticism of the careless use of simplified characters. Obviously, the advertiser wants to inform people of the sale of something else-not dead bodies! But we dont know what it is, because the three characters which make up the message are used incorrectly. Nowadays too many people not only do not take enough care to write properly, they even invent their