《-中考语法常考要点与练习-.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《-中考语法常考要点与练习-.ppt（553页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、广西专用,第二部分中考语法常考要点与练习,专题一名词 专题二代词 专题三形容词和副词 专题四动词 专题五冠词 专题六 数词 专题七介词 专题八连词 专题九非谓语动词 专题十简单句 专题十一句子的分类 专题十二主谓一致 专题十三定语从句 专题十四宾语从句 专题十五状语从句,第二部分中考语法常考要点与练习,专题一名词,考点1可数名词 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式；单数形式变为复数形式时有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1规则变化(1)一般情况加s。(2)以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加es。(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加es。(4)以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加es。(5)以o结尾的词多
2、数加s，但有的加es。,考点直击,记忆小技巧 以o结尾的词，表示无生命的名词加s；若是表示有生命的名词则加es。常见的加es的有：黑人、英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿(NegroNegroes,heroheroes,tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes)。2不规则变化(1)childchildren,footfeet,toothteeth,mousemice,manmen,womanwomen,EnglishmanEnglishmen,GermanGermans,FrenchmanFrenchmen。记忆小技巧 关于各国人的复数，中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。,(2)单复数同形。如
3、：deerdeer,sheepsheep,ChineseChinese,JapaneseJapanese。(3)集体名词以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：people,police。但family,class等集体名词作主语时，当强调整体时谓语用单数，强调整体中的各个成员时则谓语用复数。(4)以s结尾但仍为单数的名词。如：maths,politics,physics等学科名词(不可数名词)，news(不可数名词)，the United States等。以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名等也视为单数。,【典型例题训练】写出下列名词的复数形式1map_2.bus_3.factory_4thie
4、f_ 5.piano_ 6.knife_7child_ 8.woman_ 9.baby_10boy_,maps,buses,factories,thieves,pianos,knives,children,women,babies,boys,考点2不可数名词 1不可数名词表示“量”的概念时，不能用a/an和数词修饰，可用much,a lot of,some,any,how much,(a)little,a bit of等修饰。2不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。3不可数名词需要计量时，可用数量词短语表示。
5、,【典型例题训练】汉译英1一片面包_2.一杯茶_3.两杯水_4一千克肉_ 5.三袋米_,a piece of bread,a cup of tea,two glasses of water,a kilo of meat,three bags of rice,考点3名词所有格的构成 1表示有生命的单数名词或不以s结尾的复数名词后加“s”。2以s结尾的复数名词，在s后加“”。3复合词或者由两个或两个以上名词表示共有关系的词组，在最后一个名词后加“s”。4如果两个或两个以上名词表示分别的拥有关系，则在每个名词后分别加“s”。5表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等的名词后加“s”。6表示无生
6、命的名词的所有格由“of名词”构成。,7双重所有格结构为“名词of名词s”或“名词of名词性物主代词”。,【典型例题训练】汉译英1玛丽的电话号码_ 2.孩子们的书_3老师们的办公室_ 4.学生宿舍_5玛丽和琳达的母亲_ 6.玛丽的书和琳达的书_710分钟的路程_ 8.5千米的旅程_91磅的重量_,Marys telephone number,the childrens books,the teachers office,the students dorms,Mary and Lindas mother,Marys and Lindas books,ten minutes walk,five k
7、ilometres journey,one pounds weight,10.一张中国地图_11我父亲的一个朋友_ 12.我的一个学生_,a map of China,a friend of my fathers,a student of mine,【中考命题诠释】12012随州The _ often eat grass on the hill.AchickenBhorseCcowDsheep解析 D此题考查名词的可数与不可数。chicken，horse和cow的复数形式应该加s，而sheep的单复数形式相同，由动词eat可知应该填复数形式，由此选D,22012毕节I have _ in le
8、arning English and Im so worried.Could you help me with it?Sure,Id love to.Ajoy Binterest Ctrouble Dfun解析 C此题考查名词辨析。joy意为“快乐”；interest意为“兴趣”；trouble意为“困难”；fun意为“有趣”。根据“我很担心”以及“你可以帮助我吗”可知此处表示“我学英语有困难”。故选C。,32012毕节 Could you please pass me something to eat?What about some _？Awater Borange Cfish Dtea解析
9、 C此题考查名词辨析。water意为“水”；orange意为“橘子汁；橘子”；fish意为“鱼”；tea意为“茶”。根据“something to eat”可排除A、D，若选B，应用orange的复数形式，故选C。,42012济南 Mum,I am hungry.May I have some_？Of course.But dont eat too much.Abread Bnoodle Cdumpling Dhamburger解析 A此题考查名词辨析。由下文的too much(太多)，可知空格处须用不可数名词。故选A。,5.2012钦州Tomorrow is _.The students w
10、ant to buy some flowers for their teachers.ATeacher Day BTeachers Day CTeachers Day Dthe Teachers Day解析 C此题考查名词所有格。教师节是所有教师的节日，因此用复数形式的所有格。,一、单项选择()1.Mr Smith always has _ to tell me.Asome good pieces of news Bsome pieces of good newsCsome good piece of news Dsome piece of good news()2.There are two
11、 _ in the room.AshelfBshelfsCshelfesDshelves,巩固练习,B,D,()3.What would you like,Madam?Id like_，please.Atwo bottles of orange Btwo bottles of orangesCtwo bottle of oranges Dtwo bottle of orange()4.They got much _on the Internet.Aphoto Bideas Cmessage Dinformation()5.Many students ask for some_ about im
12、proving their English.Aadvise Badvice Cadvises Dadvices()6.What_do you like best？Football.Afood Bsubject Csport Dmusic,A,D,B,C,()7._ room is big and bright.They like it very much.ATom and Sam BToms and Sam CTom and Sams DToms and Sams()8.I went to the _ to buy a pair of shoes.Ashoes store Bshoe stor
13、e Cshoes stores Dshoe stores()9.April comes before_and after_AMarch;May BMay;March CJune;May DMarch;February,C,B,B,()10.I saw many_ eating grass on the hill.Ahorse Bcow Crabbit Dsheep()11.How much are the _？Ameat Bmeats Corange Doranges()12.They are from _.Theyre _AGermany;Germans BGermans;GermanyCG
14、erman;Germany DGermanies;Germen()13.After the exam,well have _ holiday.Atwo weeks Btwoweeks Ctwo weeks Dtwo weeks,D,D,A,C,()14.Today is September 10th.Its_ATeachers Day BTeachers Day Cthe Teachers Day DTeacher Day()15.Mark Twain is one of the greatest _ in the world.Awrite Bwriter Cwriters Dwriters(
15、)16.Kate has a beautiful_.Listen!She is singing very well.Avoice Blook Csound Dsmell,B,C,A,()17.You look worried.Whats your_？I have trouble learning English.Aname Bquestion Cproblem Djob()18.Oh,my God!We have missed the last bus.What shall we do?Im afraid we have no_but to take a taxi.Achoice Bdecis
16、ion Creason Dinformation()19.Wu Mei has much_ and many _Abread;pears Bbreads;pear Cpear;breads Dpears;bread,C,A,A,()20.Li Ling wants to be a singer.He thinks its an interesting _Awork Bart Cjob Dmusic()21.Is this an _car?AChinese BEnglish CJapanese DShanghai()22.Mr Green gave us _ on how to learn En
17、glish well.Aan advice Badvices Csome advice Dsome advise,C,B,C,()23.They dont have to do _ today.Amuch homework Bmany homeworksCmany homework Dmuch homeworks()24.Shall we go shopping now?Sorry.Its not the right_.Im too tired.Away Bweather Cplace Dmoment()25.What makes you so upset?I wanted to explai
18、n why I was late,but Mr White didnt give me a(n)_Away Bchance Cidea Dexcuse,A,D,B,二、用所给单词的适当形式填空1I have two_(knife)in my bag.I can lend one to you.2Those _(child)are playing football outside.3Here is a birthday card for you with our best_(wish)4The little baby has two_(tooth)already.5How many_(inven
19、t)did Edison have?About 1，000.6I want two _(glass)of _(milk),knives,children,wishes,teeth,inventions,glasses,milk,7I have a lot of _(money)in my pocket.8There are two _(church)in the town.9British people eat _(potato)a lot.10Two_(visit)will come to our school next week.,money,churches,potatoes,visit
20、ors,三、根据句子意思及所给的首字母或中文提示完成单词1I use a d_ to look up the new words.2Will you please give me several p_of paper to write on?3H_is more important to us than money.Please do sports every day.4Beijing is one of the biggest c_ in China.5Her parents have gone to Shanghai on b_6Whats your email a_？Its 7There
21、 are twelve m_in a year.8The first day of a week is S_,ictionary,ieces,ealth,ities,ddress,onths,unday,usiness,9Where did you spend your summer v_？10I like music,so I often go to a c_with my friends.11London is the c_of the UK.12At the a_of six,the girl began to learn English.13Liu Huan is my favouri
22、te s_14May Day is a public h_15When you get into t_，you should ask others for help.16If you feel nervous,you can take a deep b_and smile.,acation,oncert,apita,ge,inger,oliday,rouble,reath,17The Grand Canyon is one of the w_ of the natural world.18In his o_，this film isnt so great as that.19Edison is
23、 a great i_20He always has a c_with him.I think he must enjoy taking photos.21Was this b_built in 1990?22His parents have lived in the _(农村)for thirty years.23_(计算机)are widely used in the modern world.,onders,pinion,nventor,amera,uilding,countryside,Computers,24March 8th is_(妇女)Day.25He works as an_
24、(工程师)in that factory.26He told a large number of funny stories in the speech,and of course the speech was a great_(成功)27My sister made many _(错误)in her exercises.28He is a great _(作曲家)29Peter got the first p_ at the photo competition.30We walk with our_(脚)and speak with our_(嘴)31She is a great class
25、ical m_(音乐家)32Tom lives in the _(中心)of the city.,Womens,engineer,success,mistakes,composer,rize,feet,mouths,usician,centre,33Summer is very hot in my_(家乡)34He is a teacher with ten years _(经验)in teaching.,hometown,experience,专题二代词,考点直击,考点1人称代词 人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语和表语，做宾语时放在动词或介词之后。如：He is a te
26、acher.他是一位老师。(作主语)Tom often helps me with my English.汤姆经常帮助我学习英语。(作宾语)Who is the girl in the picture?照片中的女孩是谁？Its me.是我。(作表语),【典型例题训练】()1.This is a boy._ name is Tom.AHis BShe CHer DHe()2.I _a girl._name is Li Hong.Aam;His Bis;Her Cam;My Dis;She()3.Wang Tao_ a boy._is in Class 2.Aam;He Bis;She Care;
27、His Dis;He()4.This is Mr Wei._is my teacher.AHis BShe CHe DIt()5.Is that bird_friend?Yes,_Ayour;it isnt Bhis;it is Cyour;its Dher;it isnt,A,C,D,C,B,()6.How old is Polly?I think_ five.Aits Bit Cits Dits()7.That is a cat.I dont know_name.Aits Bit Cits Dits()8.Whats that?Its_ book.Amy a Ba my Cmy Dmy t
28、he()9.This is Mrs Wang._my teacher.AHes BHis CShes DIts()10.Whats that？_ is a cat.AIt BShe CHe DYou,C,C,C,C,A,考点2物主代词 物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。1名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，后面不能再接名词，在句中可作主语、表语和宾语。May I use your bike,please?Mine is broken.(作主语)我能用你的自行车吗？我的坏了。The blue coat is mine.The black one is his.(作表语)蓝色的外套是我的，黑
29、色的是他的。You can use my pen.I can use hers.(作宾语)你可以用我的钢笔，我用她的。,2形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特征，在句中只能用作定语，后面必须接名词。My bike is over there.我的自行车在那儿。注意：(1)汉语口语中习惯说“我妈妈”“他哥哥”等，英语中必须使用物主代词，即my mother，his brother。(2)英语中有些短语中必须使用物主代词。如：I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做家庭作业。初中教材中常见的含有物主代词的短语有：all ones life(一生，终生)，change o
30、nes mind(改变主意)，on ones way to(在某人去的路上)，take ones time(不急，慢慢来)，with ones help(在某人的帮助下)等。,【典型例题训练】一、按要求写出下列单词的相应形式1my(名词性物主代词)_ 2.our(形容词性物主代词)_3her(主格)_ 4.you(名词性物主代词)_5they(宾格)_ 6.Miss Gao(所有格)_7it(形容词性物主代词)_ 8.he(名词性物主代词)_,mine,our,she,yours,them,Miss Gaos,its,his,二、用所给单词的适当形式填空1What colour is_(Mr
31、Green)shirt?2 _(who)bike is that?Its_(I)3Is that_(you)father?4Whose is this shirt?Is this_(your),Li Lei?No,it isnt_(I)5This is your coat.Please put_(its)on,Lily.6_(I)pen is on the desk._(you)is in the pencil box.7Kate looks like_(she)mother.8The girl behind the tree is _(mine)friend,Rose.,Mr Greens,
32、Whose,mine,your,yours,mine,it,My,Yours,her,my,考点3反身代词 反身代词是一些表示“某人自己”的代词，有以下用法：1反身代词常放在buy,dress,enjoy,help,hurt,teach,look after,wash等动词后作宾语。如：The girl is too young to dress herself.那个女孩太小了，不会自己穿衣服。2反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语，意为“亲自，本人”，起强调作用。如：I can do it myself.我自己能做。He himself is very careless.He always make
33、s such mistakes.他本人很粗心，总是犯这样的错误。,3和其他词一起构成固定搭配。如：help oneself to随便吃(用)，teach oneselflearn by oneself自学，all by oneself全靠某人自己,【典型例题训练】()Im afraid Im not able to do it well.Come on,Tom.You must believe in _.Thats the secret of success.Amyself Bhimself Cherself Dyourself,D,考点4不定代词 常见的不定代词有以下用法：1some多用于肯
34、定句，any多用于否定句和疑问句，但在表示请求、建议和希望的疑问句中用some。复合不定代词something,somebody等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。2other,the other,another,others,the others(1)other后面可跟单数或复数，表示“其他的”。如：He is taller than any other boy in his class.他比班上其他男孩都高。,(2)the other只限于表示两个中的另一个。如：Ive two pens.One is old,the other is new.我有两支钢笔，一支旧，另一支新。“the other复
35、数名词”表示“剩下的，(其余的)人(物)”。如：Where are the other boys?其余的男孩在哪里？(3)another一般和单数名词连用。如：Im still hungry.Id like another cake.我还饿，我想再吃一块蛋糕。,(4)others表示泛指，相当于“other名词复数”。the others表示特指。如：Some have come,others havent arrived.一些人来了，另一些人还没到。There are twenty girls in the park.Some are playing volleyball,the other
36、s are playing games.公园里有20个女孩。一些在打排球，另一些在做游戏。3many后跟可数名词，much后跟不可数名词；a lot of和lots of既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词；plenty of既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词；a great number of后只能接可数名词。,4few和a few后跟可数名词；little和a little后跟不可数名词。5every指三者或三者以上的“每一个”，不能单独使用，也不能与of连用；each指两者或两者以上的“每一个”，可单独使用，也可和of连用。如：Is every child here?Give one ap
37、ple to each of them.每个孩子都在吗？给他们每人一个苹果。6all指“三者或三者以上都”，both指“两者都”,【典型例题训练】()1.Walt,we have few vegetables for dinner.Could you go and buy _？Yes,sure.But I dont have _ money.Aany;any Bsome;any Cany;some Dsome;some()2.Would you like some coffee or tea?_.Water is OK.ABoth BEither CNeither DAll,B,C,考点5疑问
38、代词 常见的疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which，疑问代词在句中可作主语、表语、定语和宾语。如：Who is talking to your mother?谁在和你妈妈说话？(作主语)Whats your father?你父亲是干什么的？(作表语)Whose bike is this?这是谁的自行车？(作定语)Whom were you talking about just now?你们刚才在谈论谁？(作宾语),【典型例题训练】()_ Tshirt do you like better,the black one or the red one?I prefer the
39、red one.AHow much BHow many CWhose DWhich,D,考点6指示代词 指示代词包括this,these,that和those。1this和these可以指方位上较近的人或物；that和those指方位上较远的人或物。打电话时，this指自己，that指对方。如：This is my shirt,and thats yours.这是我的衬衣，那是你的。These TVs are made in Japan,and those are from France.这些电视是日本制造的，那些是法国制造的。2有时that和those指前面提到过的事物，this和these
40、则指下面将要讲到的事物。如：,Tony had a cold.Thats why he didnt come.托尼感冒了，这就是他没来的原因。The game is very easy,and you can do it like this.游戏很简单，你可以这样做。3有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常用that或those来代替。如：These boxes are heavier than those on the desk.这些箱子比桌上的那些重。The population of China is larger than that of Japan.中国的人口比日本的多。,【典型例题训练】(
41、)Things made by hand are usually more expensive than _ produced in factories.Athese Bthis Cthat Dthose,D,【中考命题诠释】12012济南Is your brother running in the park?No,_ is swimming in the river.Ashe Bhis Cher Dhe解析 D空格处在句中作主语，用人称代词的主格，代替前文中的“your brother”。故选D。,22012铜仁Where is my pen?Oh,sorry.I have taken_ b
42、y mistake.Ayours Bmine Chers Dhis解析 A此题考查物主代词。四个选项都是名词性物主代词。句意：“我的钢笔在哪里？”“对不起。我错拿了你的。”空格中表示“your pen”，故选A。,32012济南As volunteers,they should do _ to help the children in trouble.Anothing Banybody Csomething Dsomebody解析 C考查不定代词的用法。句意：作为志愿者，他们应该做些事来帮助困境中的孩子们。故选C。,42012济南_ do you go to work every day?By
43、 bike.AWhat BWho CHow DWhen解析 C考查疑问词辨析。根据答语“By bike”可知问句是对交通方式提问。故选C。,52012钦州The little girl could look after _ though she was only five years old.Ashe Bher Chers Dherself解析 D此题考查反身代词。这里的宾语就是该句的主语，此时的宾语用反身代词，故选D。,一、单项选择()1.Which would you like to drink,coffee or orange juice?_.Please give me a cup o
44、f tea.ANeither BBoth CAll DNone()2.An old friend of my sisters always helps my brother and_with _ English.AI;our Bme;ourselves CI;my Dme;our()3.Tony is an old friend of _Ahim Bmine Cmy Dher,巩固练习,A,D,B,()4.Whose radio is it?Its _Ahe Bhis Cshe Dher()5.Sam looks like his dad.They are_tall.Aeither Bany
45、Call Dboth()6.She is always ready to help _Aothers Bother Cthe other Dthe others()7.Janes answer is different from_，but I really agree with _Ahis;her Bhis;hers Chim;hers Dhim;her,B,D,A,A,()8._ is he waiting for?AWhere BWho CWhat DWhen()9.Would you please pass _ the book?_ needs it.Ashe;Her Bher;She
46、Chers;She Dherself;Her()10.This room is ours,and that is _Ahim Btheir Ctheirs Dthem()11._want to see the film.AEvery student BEach student CAll of students DAll the students,B,B,C,D,()12.Im so hungry,but there isnt _ to eat.Aeverything Bnothing Canything Dsomething()13.Put it away，Tom.You mustnt rea
47、d _ letter.Aanyone elses Banyones else Canyone else Danyone else()14._is important to learn English well.AThis BThat CThey DIt()15.There are three foreign teachers in our school.One is from England，_are from Canada.Aother Bothers Cthe others Danother,C,A,D,C,()16.What sports are you good at,tennis o
48、r football?Im good at_tennis_football.I like basketball best.Aboth;and Beither;or Cnot only;but also Dneither;nor()17.Who is singing in the classroom?_ must be Kate.AShe BIt CThis DHe()18._ draws so well as Tom.AEverybody BSomebody CAnybody DNobody,D,B,D,()19.Mr Wang is very friendly,and_like him ve
49、ry much.Awe Bus Cour Dours()20.Sorry,there is only one ticket._you_she can have it.ANot;but BBoth;and CEither;nor DEither;or()21.This apple is delicious.Give me _ one,please.Aothers Bother Cthe other Danother()22.You are old enough to take care of_Ayou Byour Cyourself Dyours,A,D,D,C,()23.Im not busy
50、 at the moment.I havent _ to do.Aanything Beverything Csomething Dnothing()24.He can speak _ French,but not_Asome;much Bany;much Cmuch;many Dmany;any()25.Tony met a girl on_way to the bookshop last Saturday.Aher Bhis Chers Dhim,A,A,B,()26.They were all very tired,but _ of them would like to have a r
