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1、骨骼系统Skeletal System,contents,New wordsAnatomy reviewPractice,New words,颅骨肱骨尺骨桡骨腕骨掌骨指骨,SkullHumerusUlnaRadiusWrist boneMetacarpalphalanx,New words,颈椎胸椎腰椎骶骨尾骨,Cervical ThoracicLumbarSacrumCoccyx,New words,胸骨肋骨锁骨肩胛骨,SternumRibClavicleScapular,New words,骨盆股骨膑骨胫骨腓骨,PelvicFemoralPatellaTibiaFibula,1,5,3,7
2、,6,2,4,New words,跟骨距骨舟骨骰骨楔骨脚掌掌骨,CalcaneusTalusNavicularCuboidCuneiformMetatarsal,Bone marking and formations,Capitulumcapitulum of the humerusCondylethe lateral femoral condyleEpicondylethe lateral epicondyle of the humerusCrestiliac crestFacetthe superior costal facet 肋头关节面,Bone marking and formati
3、ons,Foramen:孔Fossa:infraspinous fossaGroove:the radial groove of the humerusMalleolus:the lateral malleolus Notch:切迹Protuberance:隆突,Bone marking and formations,Trochanter:转子Trochlea：滑车Tubercle:结节(small raised eminence)如肱骨大结节Tuberosity:结节(large rounded elevation)如坐骨结节,CLASSIFICATION OF BONESACCORDING
4、 TO THEIR SHAPE,LONG BONES 长骨SHORT BONES 短骨FLAT BONES 扁骨IRREGULAR BONES 不规则骨,Bone Classification by Shape,Skeletal System:Axial Skeleton,The Complete Skeleton,Axial skeletonSkullHyoid boneVertebral columnThoracic(rib)cage,Appendicular skeletonLimbsGirdles,Fig.7.1,Superior and Posterior Views of Skul
5、l or Cranium,Modified from Fig.7.2,Modified from Fig.7.3,External occipital protuberanceLigamentum nuchae:Helps keep head erect,Hyoid Bone,Hyoid boneUnpairedNo direct bony attachment to skull Attachment point for some tongue musclesAttachment point for neck muscles that elevate larynx during speech
6、and swallowing,Images from Table 7.8,Vertebra,PartsBodyVertebral foramenVertebral archSuperior and inferior articular processesArticular facets for ribSpinous process,Table 7.9,Vertebral Column,RegionsCervicalThoracic LumbarSacral bone Coccygeal bone,Fig.7.13,Cervical Vertebrae,AtlasFirst vertebraye
7、s motionAxisSecond vertebraDens orno motion,Modified from Fig.7.17,Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae,Modified from Fig.7.18,Modified from Fig.7.19,Sacrum and Coccyx,Modified from Fig.7.20,Thoracic or Rib Cageand Sternum,PartsThoracic vertebraeRibs(12 pair)True or VertebrosternalFalseSternum(manubrium,bo
8、dy),Modified from Fig.7.21,Points to Remember,Two major components of the human skeleton:Axial skeleton arranged along the medial axisAppendicular skeleton connects to the axial skeletonSkull consists of:22 bones(single and paired)6 auditory ossicles(3 each side)and 1 hyoid,Points to Remember,Verteb
9、ral column consists of:Cervicals(7)Thoracics(12)Lumbars(5)Sacrum(5,fused)Coccyx(3-5,fused)Rib cage has true(bone)ribs and false(cartilage)ribs,Type of bone Fracture,Butterfly Fracture:碟形骨折Closed Fracture:闭合性骨折Comminuted Bone Fracture:粉碎性骨折 Complete Bone Fracture:完全性骨折Compound Bone Fracture:复合型骨折,Typ
10、e of bone Fracture,Compression Fracture:压缩性骨折Fissure Fracture:裂隙骨折Fracture-Dislocation:骨折并脱位Greenstick Fracture:青枝骨折,Type of bone Fracture,Incomplete Fracture:不完全性骨折Multiple Fractures:多发性骨折Oblique Fractures:斜形骨折Spiral Fractures:螺旋形骨折Stable Fracture:稳定性骨折Unstable Fracture:不稳定性骨折,Thank you!,Questions?,
