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1、中考英语专题复习,Reading comprehension,阅读理解,1.How to guess the meaning of a new word or phrase 2.How to find out the details(细节）quickly and correctly3.How to draw a conclusion（得出结论）from some facts 4.How to get the main idea of a text.,Teaching aims,主旨大意题,推理判断题,细节理解题,语义理解题,阅读技巧,析：根据同位语关系,I、词义理解题 Example 1 Al
2、exander Graham Bell was born in 1874 in Edinburgh,Scotland.His father was an expert in phonetics,the study of the sounds of language.,A.语音学 B 语义学 C.词汇学,_,（1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理猜测义：A bag is useful and the word“bag”is useful.It gives us some interesting phrases(短语).One is“to let the cat out of the bag.”
3、It is the same as“to tell a secret”.Now when someone lets out(泄漏)a secret,he“lets the cat out of the bag.”短文后面有一个理解题目：John“lets the cat out of the bag”means he _.A.makes everyone know a secret B.the woman bout a cat C.buys a cat in the bag D.sells the cat in the bag,A,解析,在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of,t
4、he bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，,但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same,as“to tell a secret”.,Example 3When a wise person misuses his wisdom,he will do great harm to society.,析:根据构词法 派生/合成/转化 misunderstanding;encouragement,picture,误用，错用,Guess the Meaning of the Word,phrase or sentence,根据定义，解释根据构词法根据同义词，反义词关系4.根据对比，转折关系,5.根据同
5、位语关系6.根据因果关系7.根据上下文线索8.根据生活常识,阅读理解猜词秀,词义理解题-指代词(考查我们对文章中出现的代词(it,they,one)所指代对象的能力.,题干形式:In line 2,what does the word“it”refer to?2.In the last paragraph,what does the underline word“they”mean?,Example 4The fish need food and they should be fed every day.Giving them too much food is bad.The extra fo
6、od will fall to the bottom and make the water dirty.However,the fish should get just right enough food.They should finish the food in 10 minutes.Nothing should be left.,When this happens,the amount(数量)of food is right.,The word”this“in the last paragraph refers to _giving pet fish too mush food givi
7、ng pet fish too little food givingthe right amount of foodgiving neither too cold nor too hot water,C,析:代词一定是指前文出现的内容。,Example 4The fish need food and they should be fed every day.Giving them too much food is bad.The extra food will fall to the bottom and make the water dirty.However,the fish should
8、 get just right enough food.They should finish the food in 10 minutes.Nothing should be left.,the fish should get just right enough food,II、细节理解题：细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。方法是:先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。,At the beginning of the twentiet
9、h century there was a big farm called Hollywood Ranch.It was near Los Angles in California.,Hollywood used to be a _.A.cinema B.park C.market D.big farm,D,a big farm,1.直接事实题,在解答这类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读,因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。,2.间接事实题:Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian,host of the well received TV programme“Sta
10、rs Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the
11、 competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competitio
12、n any more.Anyhow,I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time,in Shanghai,Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience,said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.,Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shan
13、ghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,解析：A、C 和D都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文列的是：taken to Hong Kong可判断不是moved to Hong Kong with her parents，因此选B。,Tips:解此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断,找出支持每个选项的句子.,III、推理判断题
14、,常见形式：(逻辑推论类)We can infer(判断)from the passage that_.From the passage we can learn that_.,常见形式:(观点态度类)1.What is the authors(作者)attitude(态度)towards.?2 The authors aim is.3.In the authors eyes,.4.The author believes/suggests that.,常见形式:(体裁来源类)1.We can learn something about _ from the passage.2.Where di
15、d this passage most probably appear?,2.解推断题应注意：(1)不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；(2)推理的根据来自于上下文。(3)表层意义推断出隐含的意义,3.解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全,Example 1 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches(蟑螂)an
16、d two spiders.”“What do you need these things for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.“Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q：The passage suggests that when the writer moved into th
17、e house,it was _.A.very clean B.just cleaned by the landlordC.tidy and comfortable D.dirty and full of insects,解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时的原样，所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行“恢复”，因此推出答案为D。,Example 2 Some people are never right.They never have good luck.They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing.And
18、 even if what they say or do is OK，they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time.So these people always have problems.They often break dishes.They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.Mr.Neff is different.He is always right.He is never wrong.He usually has good luck.He seldom has problems.He never
19、breaks dishes.He never misses buses or airplanes.Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or air planes.Mr.Neff knows almost everything.He doesnt ask questions；he answers questions.He never says，“I dont know.”Q：Which of the following best describes the writers attitude to Mr.Nef
20、f?A.He finds Mr.Neff hard to understand.B.He thinks Mr.Neff wonderful.C.He feels pity for Mr.Neff.D.He does not like Mr.Neff.,解析：从作者的语气中我们可以体会他的态度，特别是Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes.误了车或飞机本该是人的失误怎能归咎于车或飞机呢？明显是讥讽，也是暗示他对Mr.Neff的讨厌之情。答案为D。,return,对文章的体裁，来源
21、作出判断,Lijiang,Yunnan,Dec.17(Xinhuanet)-A film directed by famous director Zhang yimou,made its domestic debut(国内首映式）in Lijiang,where the film was shot,in southwest Chinas Yunnan Province,On Friday night.,This text is most probably about _.A.An advertisement B.A noticeC.An instruction D.A news report,
22、_,IV 主旨大意题,1.要搞清的是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。2.如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。3.任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。-Topic Sentence,主旨大意题的题干表现形式:The main idea of the passage isThe passage is mainly aboutWhich of the following statements best expresses the
23、 main idea of the passage?The purpose(意图)of this article is to The best title of the passage may be,应试技巧-寻找主题句,Example 1 People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at e
24、very meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.,（1）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。,练中学,练中学,Example 2
25、Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,（2）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题
26、。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。,Example 3 For adults a cold is not that serious.However,this is not the case for children.Cold symptoms(症状)in children may be sighs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt(及时的)medical attention.,本段主题句为第二句,因为在however 后面才是作者真正的看法,并在下文中进一步作了说明。,当主题句被安排在段中间时,作者往往从
27、具体的事例谈起,随之归纳出主题,然后再围绕这一主题展开讨论,使立论更加清楚,具有很强的说服力,即以“立”为主,对正面观点进行阐述。,_,练中学,A shark is a large,fierce fish.what will you do if you meet a shark while you are swimming?One man who knows all about sharks has given some advice to help you swim safely.,_,topic sentence,练中学,This passage is about _A)what a sh
28、ark isB)The best place to swim inC)How to swim safelyD)How to ride on sharks.,应试技巧选项分析,正确选项的特点四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确选项那些概括全文,内容全面,含义深刻,说明道理的选项一般是答案项,而选项内容片面,单一的内容一般是错误选项.,错误选项的特点以偏概全.只是局部信息,或是一句没有展开论述的话.过于笼统.即归纳的主题太泛,与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论述.把观点强加与作者.读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解.无关信息,既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言
29、依据的信息,阅读技能训练,语义理解细节理解推理判断主旨概括,逻辑推论观点态度体裁来源,Summary,整体理解细节理解句子结构，句意理解，词语意义的理解3.不影响语篇整体理解的难句和生词可以忽略,1、速读全文，了解大意知主题。(略读)2阅读题干，明确题目类型，有的放矢，分类处理3逻辑推理，做好深层理解题 4 复读全文，前后对照，核实答案,解题步骤,阅读理解题型介绍：是中考考查的重点，一般是4篇短文，共计20小题，40分。涉及的题材有说明文.记叙文和应用文等，内容包括故事.文化习俗.科普知识.电视节目新闻介绍等方面，图文结合，图表结合。,Thank you，good bye,Thank you
30、for your time!,In America,just as in Europe,men usually open doors for women,and women always walk ahead of men into a room or a restaurant,unless（除非）the men have to be ahead of the ladies to choose the table,to open the door of a car or do some other things like the above on the street,men almost a
31、lways walk or cross the street on the closer side of the ladies to the traffic But if a man walks with two ladies,he should walk between them,Then if the host（男主人）or hostess（女主人）or both of them come in a car to get their guest for dinner,the guest should sit at the front seat and leave the back seat
32、 though there is no people sitting on it,1In America men usually _ Awalk ahead of women Beat in a restaurant Cwalk behind women Ddrive a car to work2In the street men _ Across the street Bwalk on the right side of the ladies Cwalk on the closer side of the ladies to the traffic Dwalk near the ladies
33、3If a man walks with two ladies,he should _ Awalk between them Brun before them Cfollow them Dgo away4If Mrs.Green wants you to her house in a car,you should _ Asit beside a guest Bsit at the front seat Csit at the back seat Ddrive the car,C,C,A,B,中考（大纲和课程标准）对阅读的要求：1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；（生词率不超过3，阅读速度为每分钟50-70个词。）2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；,中考（大纲和课程标准）对阅读的要求：1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；（生词率不超过3，阅读速度为每分钟50-70个词。）2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；,
