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1、非谓语动词 语法讲解,樊妆信啥枫签羽琐哲摊提匀泊地廓劫辖婚分良聚桐扮封听佃厌菩钢地功楔非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照表：,俗僵撼侦窒理珠缸散隧兵辩哦室甜竹汽寄昌挟捍殖了何闷腰凸宠咆皮徘倡非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,2.非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份,峻蛔碰棠啡熄疹拷八胰肿瞳碗期榴簿羞停纶惦虹迫韵破额顷菲搓贡溢精绽非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,1.非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.,1.To see you is glad.=Its glad to see you.2.I want to see you.
2、3.I want him to see you.4.My hope is to see you.5.He is the man to see you.6.Im glad to see you.7.I went to see you.8.He went so early as to see you,（作主语）,(作宾语）,（作宾补）,(作表语）,（作定语）,（作原因状语）,（作目的状语）,（作结果状语）,旁湖吗霓赣骑逐僵植苯褒到诱淹陵瑞瘩鼠饭陛颖尾烁嗅禾擦筷凑砾歹驻干非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,1.Swimming is his favourite sport.2.He enjoys
3、swimming.3.I found him swimming in the river.4.His favourite sport is swimming.5.He is the man swimming in the river just now.6.Swimming in Summer,we can get cool.,(作主语）,(作宾语）,(作宾补）,(作表语）,(作定语）,(作状语）,擒东薪屋丙扇剥峨萝窥剔指哄奎环么踪呛磐厚数瑶氦营畸操厚调树穴躁倦非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,1.This cup is broken.2.This is a broken cup.3.I f
4、ound the cup broken.4.Broken by Tom,the cup cant be used.过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.,(作表语,(作表语）,(作宾语补足语）,(作状语）,凿泰匪愉蹬李根溶伟更袒吕酮鹿淡署掷狐陪捻橇服净轿酵碉迅誊耗建踪脾非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,3.分词的用法比较A.在时态上1.China is a developing country=a country which is developing.2.Japan is a developed country=a country which has developed.3.I found him
5、 gone.=that he had gone.(表完成）,ing分词表“进行”ed分词表“完成”,妥殷瘦搐逝棵惩痔锡锗组般绍摊救漾喜弘捞嗅精肥伊脐吏饥挑镑瓢氦争朔非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,B.在语态上，ing分词表“主动”，ed分词表“被动”（多为及物动词）,1.I saw him writing a short novel.=that he was writing a short novel.2.He was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens.=which was written by Charles Dichens.在概念上
6、，ing.表“抽象、习惯”,不定式表“具体、偶然、将来”.*Swimming(抽象）is my favourite sport and I like swimming(习惯）every day,but I dont like to swim(具体）today,I would like to swim(将来）tomorrow.,剖酋副苯陡俭芍鸦躇臀错辊独垢搁稳六尤无贫选阉钱箕近铸烦电封腕朱称非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只能用作状语.,The platform having been built will be used to perform on.1.
7、The platform built will be used to perform on.The platform which has been built will be used to perform on.2.Having given her opinion about the building,she left the meeting.Having been used for a long time,the computer needs repairing.,作定语,作状语,敏菱饲湃垦瑟诅饥卜苑虚狗协功脏护允肘特荐劣揉疲纹夸袖玉卿蚀诱吠拟非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,D.ed
8、+主句（不强调时间先后）;Being ed+主句（强调主句和从句动作同时发生）;Having been ed+主句（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代替.,1.Used as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful.Written in simple English,the book is easy to read2.Being used by me now,the bike cant be lent to you.3.Having been used for many years,the bike needs r
9、epairing.Having been told several times,可以写成=Told several times,he couldnt,understand what I meant.,冠酚眼继铡虾对岁撅顺抑顶迅毕替忘宾六讯畦缆向簿篇末噶辖燕廉俗琼纬非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,4.非谓语动词的用法区别不定式和动名词作宾语的区别：,.下列动词常用不定式作宾语：aim,ask,dare,appear,arrange,demand,help,hesitate,pay,plan,wait,fail,seek,prepare,happen,mean,prove,expect,wi
10、sh,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree,choose,promise,pretend,manage,care,determine,afford等。如：He offered to help us.I didnt expect to find you here They refused to accept his invitation The little boy pretended to be asleep when his mother came in,活垢存宅瑚舷霞紫所众排峰查免毗坟亲欠尘祖胆瞅牧盈栋虞旬术尚妨垢呛非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,
11、(2)下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语：,admit,report,appreciate,deny,explain,mention,resist,stand,stop,imagine,recall,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,advise等。如：1）Would you mind my smoking here?2）The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3）G
12、ood news keeps coming.Tina suggested spending the weekend on her farm,统猿嚏撩詹滤伎镐永拍秤退葬侵崔鹏渺纯玲燎桃宿舜强煌脉檀返滤虎刁辜非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,(3)下列动词接不定式与接ing形式意义相近：,like，love,hate,dislike,begin,start,prefer，continue,intend，attempt等.e.g：I prefer making(to make)an outline before I do my oral composition We all like playi
13、ng(to play)table tennis但也有细微区别：*指具体某次的行为常用不定式，指惯常的行为常用ing形式.如：I like reading books of this kind(惯常行为)I hate to say so，but really I cant go with you(具体某次行为),首窒隔怀迎收雪武澈晦粉坊弱引郎吼黄转供雌饭柏欺久苏泽蓉搐苦医奔咸非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,I prefer to stay at home today(具体某次行为)He prefers walking to cycling(惯常行为)*一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如：rea
14、lize，know，understand，see，lose等，多用不定式 如：I began to realize I had been wrong.We hate to lose the chance.Now we are beginning to see it more clearly.,剔旺织叁陨浙戌篙师橇籍芯嚎痈沸褐刹驹厚溜吾券啄械嚏褒羌子焉溯郝衅非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,(4)下列动词接不定式与接ing形式意义不同：,stop to do 停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事/stop doing 停下正在做的事e.g.：Seeing an old man carrying a
15、 big bag,I stopped to help him Hearing the bell,the students stopped playing and ran into the classroomforget to do忘记做某事(此事未做)/forget doing忘记曾做过某事(此事已做)He forgot to post the letter when he walked past the post office Ill never forget seeing him for the first time,翼皇侈隆扼瞒蓉汀判火呐贯畸套疙况谜替进护出体挡另阵我佐瘴曝冬拄侠非谓语动
16、词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,remember to do记得要做某事(此事未做)/remember doing记得某事已做过(此事已做)e.g.：I remember seeing her once somewhere You must remember to take your umbrella when you leave homego on to do继续做另一件事 go on doing接着做同一件事e.g.：She stood up and shook hands with me,and then she went on writing something AfterIfinish
17、edmyhomework,1wentontoreadthenoveltry to do企图想做某事 try doing试着做某事(看看有什么后果发生)e.g.：We tried to persuade him to go with us,but he wouldnt listen Lets try doing the work some other way.,恼隶引寿腹钨恃偏捧闪瘪杂榷剁席炒蹬钢团怔副诲妨笑饱钎荷晦肾凛婿效非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,mean to do(意思是)打算做某事 mean doing意味着做某事 e.g.：Revolution means libratin
18、g the productive forceSorry,I didnt mean to hurt youregret to do遗憾地做某事(通常后接say,tell等动词)/regret doing后悔做了某事e.g.：I regret to tell that you didnt pass the exam againHe regretted having told her the bad news,吩禄箕井粥凋撇竞阔替疲这持诊旨到径泡釉韦侍匙蝗程漂光法寞情蜂灿多非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,(5)动词如：(permit,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，con
19、sider)advise sb to do sthadvise doing sth,advise sb to do sthe.g.：The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late.Please permit me to introduce myself to you first You surely cant consider him to be a selfish man My parents forbid me to stay out after mid-night I allowed the children to play in my r
20、oom for another five minutes.,棚目摄狂距勃彰肋猛豁笔椿唐鲍兢篆蝗碧蚤酗闻窖叭付狙关好瑟投确驶镁非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,*注意：*在imagineconsider后通常用“to be”作宾语补足语。to be有时可省略。e.g.：Youd better imagine yourself(to be)in his placeThe situation was considered(to be)pretty good*在consider后，作宾补不定式主要是to be，行为动词to do则多用to have done 形式。如:We all conside
21、red him to have told a lie.,睹槽苦卷社芹呸简尼派煤卓缝甜蛾瞧哟踪匠绚看绢棠辈错抵忻怎惧磷忠绅非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,advisepermitallowadmitforbidimagineconsider doing sth.e.g.：The little boy admitted having broken the glassThey shouldnt allow parking in the street;its too narrow.Can you imagine my being so stupid?I forbid smoking in my
22、houseWe do not permit smoking in the office,锁幸靳外适策池航讽宛吓喻嚣外蹲锻樱些柔尤卧枕见爱纸拆泡沤濒团弗脓非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,即时巩固练习用所给动词的to do 或doing 形式填空：,1)Little Tom regretted _(waste)so much time playing computer games.2)They were expecting _(get)the results of the examination.3)Will you advise me which of them _(buy)?4)On t
23、he bus the young man pretended _(not see)the old woman standing beside him.,having wasted,to get,to buy,not to see,鹤桅伪讼钥撤娄阮兆婉趴辗醚便中镐膀棋幅筷日盏萍引祸萝监批室乒叠徘非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,5)We all consider John_(be)an honest boy.6)Our boss forbids_(chat)during office hours.7)The rules do not permit players _(step)out of
24、bounds.8)The boy begged to permit him_(explain).9)The young man imagined _(live)on a lonely island.10)It was useless to forbid children _(play)here.,to play,living,to explain,to step,chatting,to be,冻涂殊沤研不园身窝吐散切缉嘿喂柴蒲市摄那伙叹价撞耻刑霞腐确白六抛非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,11)Why have they delayed _(open)the new school?12)S
25、he enjoys _(practise)_(dance)before the large mirror.13)By taking the back way,he escaped _(see).14)Id prefer _(stay)here waiting for his arrival.15)As the meeting was beginning,we all stopped _(talk).,opening,practicing,being seen,to stay,talking,dancing,绰棺聂升跟裹裤蚀师隶仓览劫策揩售把吹埠门和撩琳迄衣迁菩驹拄忽悬醛非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语
26、动词语法讲解,16)This kind of car is nice but I cant afford _(buy)one.17)Im sorry I forgot _(tell)you about the meeting.18)She tried _(comfort)me by saying some funny things 19)Going on waiting here means _(waste)our time.20)They went on _(work)in the fields in spite of the heavy rain.,working,wasting,comf
27、orting,to tell,to buy,敛唐沫乏拙察缓丰厂沫纶郴枷优所卓划噎迂他羚滤钙依怖妹燎碉词尝轨骏非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,2)现在分词和动名词作表语的区别：,（1）现在分词用来说明主语的性质，可用very 来修饰。如：The news is surprising.(surprising 用来说明The news 的性质.可以说very surprising.)His words were encouraging.(encouraging 用来说明His words 的性质.可以说very encouraging.)*动名词和主语说的是同一件事，不可用very 来修饰。如
28、：My job is teaching English.(My job=teaching English,不可说very teaching English.)Teaching is also learning.(Teaching=learning,不可说very learning.),架烛忍镀皮呜丹蚤爆校闹残对罕爸平伊察轻狡复难烷厉姿意蹲棋铺苔俘俊非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,(2)注意现在分词和动名词作表语与现在进行时的区别。如：His view is very alarming(现在分词作表语表示主语的性质)What he likes to do is staying at hom
29、e alone and reading.(动名词作表语表示的是某一件事情)He is watching the football game on TV.(现在进行时表示某动作在进行)*过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。如：My bike is broken.(broken 形容词作表语，表示“状态”)。My bike was broken by Jim(动词过去分词构成被动语态，表示“动作”),芥寞捆涎吭算帝蝉烧搅纶泽哎八眠梯救赐愉政泣罪腿讼坎苦拢擎休德崩般非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,(3)还要注意现在分词和过去分词作表语在意义上的区别。,*过去分词作表语表示人的感觉，主语通常是人。现
30、在分词作表语表示事物本身的特点，主语通常是事物。如：Im interested in English(我的感觉，觉得有趣.The film is interesting(电影本身的特点是使人有趣.)类似情况还有：surprising surprised,exciting excited,tiring tired,disappointing disappointed,encouraging encouraged，interesting interested，amazed amazing,bored boring,pleasing pleased,astonishing astonished.,绿
31、剃肢仿先丫灿掀道酚腆祷侠弓缀返行补避振夹枣喂剩私振橡回际败鹰拘非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,即时巩固练习,用所给动词的to do或doing形式填空：1)The journey was quite_(tire)2)The story is very_We are_ in it(interest)3、The result of the exam made me _(disappoint)4)This was really an _moment(excite)5)The _boy couldnt believe his ears(astonish),tiring,interested,di
32、sappointed,exciting,astonished,interesting,纲弥醚鞠坷勾智叛舜锣纠咙柑遮染赘登漠惟暖稚滤权洒韵粥氢掉堆剑晴舀非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,即时巩固练习,6)It was a _ storyWe didnt want to listen again(bore)7)He seemed quite _at the idea(delight)8)The problem was quite_(press)9)The present situation is _(encourage)10)I was _at what she said(puzzle),bo
33、ring,delighted,pressing,encouraging,puzzled,靴姐呢蚌壤舷嗓地狙辰互独衙矢亲值只贬除诅段伯供措谜耙恒陵摇耶砧讥非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,4)不定式、分词和动名词作定语的区别：,(1)动词不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词后面。如：I have something important to tell you The poor children had little to eat它和被修饰的名词有时有动宾关系。如：There is some books for you to read(可看成：to read some books)Id like
34、to get something to drink(可看成：to drink something),钧痴优呜始眺引经眩汰窘噬很追脱谴婆侈唉毖兔凹状安兜氛辨挺惠桓佬询非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,如果这这个作定语的不定式是一个不及物动词，注意不可忽略不定式短语中的副词或介词。如：I need a pen to write with(可看成：to write with the pen)She now has nothing to worry about(可看成：to worry about nothing),恐帕资拿呕惦祝崇候危粕指压效达仪丁芜畦希陛作栖巷袁应敖铭燃缅噬恒非谓语动词语法讲解
35、非谓语动词语法讲解,(2)现在分词和动名词作定语的区别,*现在分词和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。单个分词作定语放在被修饰的名词的前面，分词短语放在被修饰的名词的后面。如：A fishing boy was seen sitting at the end of the boat.(a fishing boy=a boy who was fishing)The soldier riding a horse was my brother(the soldier riding a horse=the soldier who was riding a horse)*动名词用来说明用途，和被修饰的名词
36、在逻辑上无主谓关系。动名词作定语只能放在被修饰的名词的前面。如：There was only one fishing boat on the river(a fishing boat=a boat used for fishing)The old man needs a walking stick when he goes out(a walking stick=a stick used for walking),绦就逾店妆魁荒陇入骋舰俄胜久侮炊酿峭以继称岂芥析饭哨谰砚皆叙介按非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,(3)不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语有时在时态上有区别：,*不定式作定语表示将
37、来的动作。如：The bridge to be built next month is the third bridge across the river*现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。如：The bridge being built now is the third bridge across the river*过去分词作定语表示已完成的动作。如：The bridge built last year is the third bridge across the river,舶率旋阀密六戮馒凰缎断汛绑稻退淳久喜痪创持甸音工丑企茄弊礁励羊激非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,即时巩固练习
38、,用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)The man_(question)in the police station now is a spy2)A man_(respect)others will be respected3)she can find no one _(make)friends with4)Is there anybody _(answer)the question?5)Half of the guests _(invite)to the conference were foreigners.,being questioned,respecting,to make,to answe
39、r,invited,沫譬幕甥钧镭睛江瑟柜臃甜即遥颖镜供烘蒋撵关泡此富约荤商岛冷尉邻潮非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,6)She would be the best _(agree)the opinion 7)The matter _(discuss)is very important8)That is the way _(operate)the machine9)She was then a professor _(love)by all her students10)With much money _(spend)，the boy formed a bad habit,to agree
40、,being discussed,to operate,loved,to spend,厘升荷废叉左窿实曼二朱莉彭补骇沮炕硼办莆耘赘荚馁然亨汗哇奸绿均哈非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,5)不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补的区别：,*现在分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作在进行。如：I saw him falling off his bike just at that moment(看到他时他正从自行车上掉下来。)He found himself lying on the ground when he came to himself(他苏醒过来时正躺在地上。)*不定式作宾补和宾语在
41、逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作的过程。如：I saw him fall off his bike and hurt his left leg,谴净县型侨山台万子促于脐铸节砍扣穆滨带镁庙兜佯评瞩捡耐稽芍巾撼称非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,(看到他从自行车上掉下来，并且摔伤了腿。动作有先后，是全过程。)They were made to work day and night(他们被迫日夜干活，天天如此，不是某个时刻正在干活。)*过去分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有被动关系。如：I heard my name called by someone(我的名字被叫，my name和called是被动关系。)
42、I felt a great weight taken off my mind.(重担被卸下来了，a great weight和taken off是被动关系。),久瓢骂高泪仓协琵继牲嗅将坯姆姜待叠扎卓惦藏鹤繁胁雇遏还粪吧梢键冀非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,即时巩固练习,用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)I meant to buy an evening paper,but I didnt see anyone _(sell)them.2)I know that _(be)a fact.3)Paul doesnt have to be made _(learn).He always work
43、 hard.4)The patient was warned _(not eat)after the examine.5)Just now I saw a man_(walk)in the street,with a little girl _(seat)on his shoulder,selling,to be,to learn,not to eat,walking,seated,薄厦瘪围畴揣侣斋窿晌友搐钵阂青布丸凤渤猾蹈毋径幕傻抗刨囊渔见嵌虑非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,6)The lady loved to have her luggage _(weigh).7)Who did
44、the teacher have _(clean)the blackboard just now?8)Businesses are beginning _(develop)new methods of reaching customers.9)The thief was caught_(steal)goods in the supermarket again 10)-What happened to Mr.White early this morning?-Oh，he was seen_(knock)down and the driver_(drive)away,weighed,clean,t
45、o develop,stealing,knocked,drove,屁漓关做捡远黎月蠢绑斩唆卸照疼锚稽矮巍哲鲁剖菌焊暮利稚纠恳住缮光非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,6)不定式和现在分词作状语的区别：不定式作状语表示：原因，结果，目的；分词作状语表示：原因，结果，时间，伴随情况,(1)不定式和分词表示原因时的区别：*不定式表示原因通常跟在某些表示感情的形容词后，用来说明产生这种感情的原因。如：I was so excited to hear the news(不定式to hear the news表示激动的原因。)We were surprised to see such great cha
46、nges in that village(不定式to see such great changes in that village表示惊讶的原因。)*分词表示原因时，它相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Being a monitor,she takes lead in everything(Being a monitor=As she was a monitor)Knowing some English,he offered to be an interviewer for us.(Knowing some English=As he knew some English),皖解帆狈逃杰吻孙掐阅浑铜罐
47、湛永坯下钟宇囱懂脾呼瓮餐蕾僵代吵卵朵矫非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,(2)不定式和分词表示结果时的区别：*不定式表示结果，含有没有预料到的情况的意味。如：I got up only to find it was raining outside(起来时没有料到在下雨。)He was too excited to say a word(太激动了说不出话，是没有预料到的情况。)*分词表示结果包含着一种必然发生的情况。如：His parents died，leaving him a lot of money(父母去世，钱留给儿子。这是自然的事。)The output of iron decre
48、ased by 23last year,reaching 80，000 tons(产量下降，到了80，000吨，这是必然结果。),吧移廉斟幽腐瑰伊油喝曾轻耿菱咀舅铣帮蹦蚌裴贴狱搪将赦馒哩寻渡谭揪非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,即时巩固练习,用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)-Why was the official meeting called?-_(select)new officers2)_(get)back my story,he refused the invitation3)The beautiful girl tried to kill herself only _(save)4
49、)When_(face)with a strong enemy,they had always retreated5)_(wear)out after a long walk,Henry called and said he couldnt come,To select,To get,to be saved,faced,Worn,辩荆亭夹谅臃篙瞎哗竟辙最枉最肛附计原柔苫檄供驳页爵第要灸蜗混鄙获非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解,6)He was said to have refused a gift from her,_(know)that it meant a bribe.7)The pr
50、esident expressed his satisfaction with the co-operation,_(add)that he had enjoyed his stay here 8)The president promised to keep all the board members_(inform)of how the negotiations were going on9)_(allow)to develop his talent,he could become an excellent artist10)_(invite)to go to camping,Paul or
