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1、英语中的特殊句型一. 感叹句 感叹句是表示说话人说话时的惊异、喜悦、赞赏、愤怒等情绪的句子。这类句子中有很多是由what和how引导的。What用来修饰名词或名词短语，how则是修饰形容词，副词或动词。感叹词所修饰的部分除了动词均须提到前面，句中其余部分用正常语序，句末用感叹号。(一) 感叹句的基本句型1 由what引导的感叹句。What可与可数名词单数、复数及不可数名词连用。 what+a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语 eg. What a clever boy he is! what+形容词+不可数名词（weather,advice,news,funs）+主语+谓语eg. Wh
2、at fine weather we are having today! what+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语 eg. What beautiful flowers these are!2 由how引导的感叹句，how与后面的形容词、副词、动词连用。 how+形容词或副词+主语+谓语eg. How high the mountain is! How fast he is running! how+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语 eg. How difficult a problem is!3 省略形式的感叹句 how直接修饰谓语动词：how+主语+谓语 eg. How we lo
3、ve our motherland! 省略主语和谓语 eg. How wonderful!(二) 感叹句的其他句型1 陈述句式感叹句 eg. Theres danger ahead!2 一般疑问句式感叹 eg. Am I hungry!3 特殊疑问句式感叹句 eg. How can you be so silly!4 祈使句式感叹句 eg. Look out!5 as if和if only引导的感叹句 eg. If only you were my sister!6 不定式感叹句 eg. To think you are so careless!7 副词引导的感叹句eg. Out rushed
4、 the children!二There be 句型 There be 句型在英语中表示“什么地方或时间存在什么事物”。即There+be+主语+（定语）+地点或时间状语。在这种结构中, there是引导词，本身没有词义。be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。(一) There be 句型常用的时态形式有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时。eg. 1.There is someone at the door to see you. 门口有人找你。 2.There will be a meeting this evening. 今晚有个约会。 3.Have there b
5、een any letters from Jack lately? 近来有杰克的来信吗？ 4.There had been many such accidents before you came. 你来之前就有过很多起这样的事故。（二） There be 句型中be前面可用一些半助动词，如：be about to(就要)，be certain to（一定会），be going to(将要)，be likely to(可能)，be to(要)，had better（最好），have to(必须)，used to(过去常)，appear/seem/happen to(似乎/恰好)等。 eg. 1.
6、 There used to be a grocery store on the corner. 以前在这个街口有家杂货店。 2. There is certain to be something wrong with the engine. = It appears /is certain that there is something wrong with the engine. 发动机一定是有毛病。 3. There appears to have been a nasty accident. 似乎有一起严重的事故。、（三） There be 句型中的替换词有：come(来)，devel
7、op(产生)，exist(存在)，fall(落下)，follow(跟随)，happen(发生)，lie(躺着)，live（住着），occur（发生），remain（还有），rise（升起），stand（站着）等。这些动词可以有时态变化，及物动词还可以有语态变化。 eg. 1. There fell a deep silence. 突然一片寂静。 2. There remains one more test to be carried out before putting the instrument into operation.在使用这一设备之前要完成一项试验。 3. Not long af
8、ter this ,there occurred a sudden revolution in public taste. 此后不久，公众的情趣发生了突然的变化。 4. There stands at the center of the square the Monument to the Peoples Heroes. 在广场的中央矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。（四） There be 句型中，谓语动词和后面的主语在数方面保持一致，如果有两个或更多的主语，则与离动词最近的那个主语保持一致。 eg. There is only a table ,four chairs and a small bed
9、in the room. 房子里有一张桌子，四把椅子和一张小床。（五）There be 句型有不定式、现在分词和动名词形式，在句中用作主语、宾语、定语或状语等。 eg. 1. There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage. 公共汽车站离家这么近是一个很有利的条件。 2. I dont want there to be any misunderstanding. 我不想引起任何误解。 3. No one would have dreamt of there being such a fine place. 谁也没有想到
10、会有这样的一个好地方。（六） “There be no doing” 表示“不可能做”。 eg. 1. There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史车轮不可阻挡。 2. Theres no saying what hell be doing next. 他接下去要做什么，很难断言。 3. There is no bearing such rude remarks. 如此粗话，叫人根本无法忍受。三倒装句全部倒装倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将
11、这种比较固定的结构加以颠倒。 倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard. 只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class.（一）完全倒装 是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, ru
12、n。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：Here he comes. Away they went. （二）倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动
13、词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前 1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从
14、句不倒装。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. 1)Why cant I smoke here? At no time_ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D.does s moking permit 答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示
15、强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2） Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know 答案D. 看到Not until的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答
16、案在C，D 中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。 （三）以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student cam
17、e to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及n
18、ot onlybut (also), no soonerthan, hardly when scarcely when等等。注意：只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。Not only you but also I am fond of music. （四）so, neither, nor作部分倒装表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒装。Tom can speak French. So can Jack.If you wont go, neither will I.Do yo
19、u know Jim quarreled with his brother?I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 答案：B. nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dont 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.Its
20、raining hard.So it is. （五）only在句首要倒装的情况Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. （六）as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。
21、 1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.: 让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。 （七） 其他部分倒装 1) so that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 2)在某
22、些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy. 3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again. 1） Not until the early years of the 19th century_ what heat is A. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know 答案为D.否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
23、2） Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realize 答案为B。 3)Do you know Tom bought a new car?I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 解析：答案为B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示也不。由 so, nei
24、ther, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。四反意疑问句1）陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I. Im as tall as your sister，arent I? 2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede m
25、ade no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5)陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6)陈述部分的谓语是used
26、 to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7)陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8)陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?9)陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部
27、分用wouldnt +主语。 Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。 He must be a doctor, isnt he?You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。What colours, arent they?What a smell, isnt it?12
28、)陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isnt it?14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况： a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he shoul
29、d have been in China now, shouldnt he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it
30、 better, cant she?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Everyone knows the answer, dont they?(does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you
31、? 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。Dont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?注意： Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?Lets go and listen to the music, shall we Let us wait for you in the readi
32、ng-room, will you ?18)陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?9)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isnt it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 20)must在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。 He must be there now,
33、isnt he?It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it?练习题：一.倒装与强调句专练1.Was it because it snowed last night _ you didnt crop up A. when B. that C. so D. what2.It was _ that I found my books.A. where I had left them B. whereverC. in the place that I had left them D. here and there3.I dont remember how man
34、y years ago _ I last showed you around the farm.A. it was that B. was it that C. it was when D. was it when4.When was it _ you met your father-in-law in the Capital Airport A. where B. that C. in which D. which5.Was it not _ the bell rang _ the students stood up A. when; that B. until; that C. until
35、; when D. when; then6.Who was _ that called him Jack of all trades A. it B. while C. which D. when7._ that he invited to dinner.A. It was my friend and I B. It was my friend and meC. They were my friend and I D. That was my friend and me8._ that there will be another good harvest this year.A. It say
36、s B. It is said C. It was said D. Someone said9.It was _ he worked hard that he succeeded in the end.A. because B.since C. as D. for10.It was between 1920 and 1930 _ television was invented in America.A. which B. when C. then D. that11.They suggested not only _ to the party but we should also give a
37、 performance.A. did we go B. should we go C. we should go D. our going12.If you refuse to accept the invitation, _ .A. so would she B. so does she C. so will she D. neither will she13.Never _ such great progress as they do today.made so many young scientists B. did so many young scientists makeC.so
38、many young scientists have made D. have so many young scientists made14._ that we all went out, lying in the sun.The weather so fine was B. So fine the weather was C. So the weather was fine D. So fine was the weather15.Gone _ when we were oppressed.A. are the days B. the days are C. there were days
39、 D. were there days16.-You ought to have given them some advice.-_, but who cared about what I said.A. So ought I B. So I ought C. So I did D. So did I 17._, I will not buy it.A. I like it much B. Like as I it much C. Much do I like it D. Much as I like it18.Only in the way _ progress in your studie
40、s.A. can make B. you may C. can you make D. will make19.-You seem to have learned the new English words by heart.-_.A. So do I B. So I have C. So have I D. So I do20.In such a hurry _ to the schoolyard that he was out of breath.A. ran he B. he ran C. did he run D. he was running高考真题1.(1998) Was it during the Second World War _ he died A. that B. while C. in which D. then2.(1995) It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began.A. while B. which C. that D. since3.(1997) It was about 600 years ago _ the fir
