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1、生理性起搏的发展历程,1 Sweeney MO,J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol.August 2005;16(8):811-817.Abraham WT,Fisher WG,Smith AL,et al.N Engl J Med.June 13,2002;346(24):1845-1853.Medtronic Viva XT CRT-D manual.,1967,VVI按需起搏,从起搏器诞生以来,美敦力一直致力于生理性起搏的发展。,?,不必要右室心尖部起搏的影响,1 Ahmad M,PACE.June 2000;23(6):934-938.2 Wathen MS,Cir
2、culation.October 26,2004;110(17):2591-2596.3 Wilkoff BL,J Am Coll Cardiol.July 18,2006;48(2):330-339.4 Wilkoff B,L.et al.Circulation.January 23,2001;103(3):381-386.5 The DAVID Investigators.JAMA.December 25,2002;288(24):3115-3123.6 Sweeney MO et al.N Engl J Med.September 6,2007;357(10):1000-1008.,不必
3、要的右室心尖部起搏已被证明增加房颤发生和心衰住院风险。因此我们有了生理性起搏的临床需求。,CRT反应率的现状,CRT疗法发展至今,有多达1/3的接受者不能受益1-6,*AV optimized only,1 Abraham WT,et al.N Engl J Med.2002;346:1845-1853.4 Chung ES,et al.Circulation.2008;117:2608-2616.2 Young JB,et al.JAMA.2003;289:2685-2694.5 Abraham WT,et al.Heart Rhythm.2005;2:S65.3 Abraham WT,et
4、 al.Circulation.2004;110:2864-2868.6 Abraham WT,et al.Late-Breaking Clinical Trials,HRS 2010.Denver,Colorado.,67%,58%,67%,MIRACLE1 MIRACLE MIRACLE II InSync III PROSPECT5 FREEDOM6 ICD2 ICD3 Marquis4*,100%,67%,69%,52%,90%,80%,70%,60%,50%,40%,30%,20%,10%,0%,%ImprovedClinical Composite Score,1Mullens W
5、,et al.JACC.2009;53:765-773.,影响CRT反应率的因素,提高CRT反应率不是单一问题,与多种因素有关。其中排在第一位的就是不合适的AV间期。,CRT的生理性起搏模式,AdaptivCRT功能:适应性单LV起搏:融合右室自身传导,减少不必要右室起搏1。适应性BiV同步起搏:每分钟自动调整AV/VV间期,满足患者的个性化治疗需求2。,CRT中的AdaptivCRT,DDD中的MVP,1Martin,et al.Heart Rhythm 2012;9:1807-14.2Medtronic Viva XT CRT-D manual.,适应性单LV起搏,适应性BiV起搏,Ada
6、ptivCRT 概念示意图,同步单LV起搏,同步单LV起搏,Birnie DH,Tang ASL.J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol,May 2007.,正常房室传导情况,动态BiV起搏,动态BiV起搏,延迟的房室传导情况,Jones RC,et al.J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol.2010;21:1226-1232,AdaptivCRT 运算法则,yes,自身传导是否正常l?HR100 bpm?,AdaptivCRT 算法,适应性单LV起搏,AV=两者较短的:70%自身PR 自身PR 40ms以上,BiV pacing,AV=两者较短的:As-P
7、end+30ms/Ap-Pend+20ms自身PR 50ms以上 VV如果融合以及QRS150 ms,LV 优先起搏;;如果不融合 双室起搏,适应性双室起搏,Medtronic Viva XT CRT-D manual.,相互转换,为什么要 AdaptivCRT?,为什么要单左室起搏?什么时候应用左室起搏,什么时候应用双室起搏?单LV起搏时,AV间期优化值是如何确定的?(为什么PR间期的70%,R波前40ms以上)双室起搏时,AV间期优化值是如何确定的?(为什么P波后30ms,R波前50ms)VV间期优化的标准?,为什么要 AdaptivCRT?,为什么要单左室起搏?什么时候应用左室起搏,什么
8、时候应用双室起搏?单LV起搏时,AV间期优化值是如何确定的?(为什么PR间期的70%,R波前40ms以上)双室起搏时,AV间期优化值是如何确定的?(为什么P波后30ms,R波前50ms)VV间期优化的标准?,为什么要单左室起搏?,Kass D.et al.,Circulation,1999;99:1567-1573.,n=18,“在最大收缩延迟处的单点起搏获益等同或高于双心室起搏.”,“如果无法控制左右心室激动延迟,如三度AVB或AF,双心室起搏或优于单位点起搏”,14,为什么要单左室起搏?,与自身右室传导融合的单左室起搏在改善左室收缩功能方面优于双心室起搏.,van Gelder BM,et
9、 al.JACC.2005;46:2305-2310.,入选患者:窦性心律,LBBB,PR=18123 ms,最长AV delay处,左室起搏和自身传导除极波发生融合,左室起搏LV dP/dtmax=996 194 mm Hg/s,双室起搏 960 200 mm Hg/s(p=0.0009).,15,为什么要 AdaptivCRT?,为什么要单左室起搏?什么时候应用左室起搏,什么时候应用双室起搏?单LV起搏时,AV间期优化值是如何确定的?(为什么PR间期的70%,R波前40ms以上)双室起搏时,AV间期优化值是如何确定的?(为什么P波后30ms,R波前50ms)VV间期优化的标准?,Kurzi
10、dim et al.,PACE 2005;28:754-761.,PR 200 ms 的患者更能从单LV起搏中获益。,什么时候应用单LV起搏?,入选患者:窦律,QRS=130-260 ms,PR=160 ms AV block.,17,Vollman D,et al.Circulation.2006;113:953-959.,心率 100 bpm时,BiV 起搏较LV 起搏获得更好收缩/舒张功能1。,入选患者:(18 sinus+4 AF),QRS 120 ms,PR未报道.,什么时候应用双室起搏?,18,为什么要 AdaptivCRT?,为什么要单左室起搏?什么时候应用左室起搏,什么时候应用
11、双室起搏?单LV起搏时,AV间期优化值是如何确定的?(为什么PR间期的70%,R波前40ms以上)双室起搏时,AV间期优化值是如何确定的?(为什么P波后30ms,R波前50ms)VV间期优化的标准?,LV Only,BiV,*-p0.05 vs CRT OFF,#-p0.05 vs LV only,Bailey R,et al.JACC.2008:51(10s1):A22(Abstract 1022-101).,为什么要R波前40ms?,LV 起搏先于RVs 30-90ms时可以获得最大LV dP/dt _max增加。,Pre-excitation from RVs(ms),20,单LV起搏应
12、用AV Delay=70%(Ap-RVs间期)可以获得最佳心功能改善。(EF值、LVESV和MR面积综合评估),Khaykin,et al.Europace 2011;13:1464-70.,*-p0.05 vs.no CRT,#-p0.05 vs.optimized BiVopt,AV delay during LV pacing(%Ap-RVs),AV delay during LV pacing(%Ap-RVs),AV delay during LV pacing(%Ap-RVs),为什么要PR的70%?,21,LVESV:左室收缩末期容积MR area:二尖瓣口面积,为什么要 Adap
13、tivCRT?,为什么要单左室起搏?什么时候应用左室起搏,什么时候应用双室起搏?单LV起搏时,AV间期优化值是如何确定的?(为什么PR间期的70%,R波前40ms以上)双室起搏时,AV间期优化值是如何确定的?(为什么P波后30ms,R波前50ms)VV间期优化的标准?,优化的SAV=12030 ms(80-230 ms),优化的PAV=17238 ms(110-270 ms),1Jones RC,et al.JCE.2010;21:1226-1232.,N=62,N=59,双室起搏时,AV间期优化值是如何确定的?,窦律下,超声优化的AV间期,心房起搏下,超声优化的AV间期,默认的SAV/PAV
14、一般为100/130,默认的AV间期都太短1,双室起搏时,AV间期优化值是如何确定的?,1Jones RC,et al.JCE.2010;21:1226-1232.,短AV间期会影响到心室充盈1,为什么是P波后30ms?,Jones RC,et al.JCE.2010;21:1226-1232.,BiV起搏最佳AV Delay约为P波结束后2-30ms,25,超声优化下,As-Pend:P波宽度,LV Only,BiV,*-p0.05 vs CRT OFF,#-p0.05 vs LV only,为什么是R波前50ms?,BiV 起搏提前于自身传导激动至少50ms(pre-excitation
15、50 ms)可以获得足够的心室收缩功能改善。,Pre-excitation from RVs(ms),Bailey R,et al.JACC.2008:51(10s1):A22(Abstract 1022-101).,26,为什么要 AdaptivCRT?,为什么要单左室起搏?什么时候应用左室起搏,什么时候应用双室起搏?单LV起搏时,AV间期优化值是如何确定的?(为什么PR间期的70%,R波前40ms以上)双室起搏时,AV间期优化值是如何确定的?(为什么P波后30ms,R波前50ms)VV间期优化的标准?,ECGOPT study 在已完成AV优化的CRT患者中根据左室射血前间期(LV Pre
16、-Ejection Interval,PEI)评估VV delay最佳值.1-2 较短的 PEIs预示更好的CRT反应.3,VV间期优化的标准?,自身RV传导 和 BiV 起搏无融合时,最佳VV Delay 约为 0 ms.,两者出现融合时,最佳VV Delay取决于QRS宽度.,1Levin V,Europace 2013(Abstract).2Jones RC,et al.JCE.2010;21:1226-1232.3St JohnJ Am Coll Cardiol.2003;41:187A.,28,LVPEI 越小越好,能否产生融合?基于自身传导和起搏AV设置决定,AdaptivCRT:
17、VV 优化,YES:自身传导-起搏AV 140 ms,左室优先右室,双室同步起搏或右室优先左室,双室同步起搏,快速室内传导?,NO:自身传导-起搏AV 140 ms,NO:QRS 150,YES:QRS 150,Medtronic Viva XT CRT-D manual.,29,yes,自身传导是否正常l?HR100 bpm?,AdaptivCRT 算法,适应性单LV起搏,AV=两者较短的:70%自身PR 自身PR 40ms以上,BiV pacing,AV=两者较短的:As-Pend+30ms/Ap-Pend+20ms自身PR 50ms以上 VV如果融合以及QRS150 ms,LV 优先起搏
18、;;如果不融合 双室起搏,适应性双室起搏,Medtronic Viva XT CRT-D manual.,相互转换,AdaptivCRT 的临床获益1-5,1 Martin et al.,Heart Rhythm.2012 Nov;9(11):1807-14.2 Krum H,et al.Am Heart J.2012;163:747-752.e1.3 Singh JP,et al.Presentation at European Society of Cardiology Congress August 2012.4 Birnie D.et al.,Presented at the Amer
19、ican Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2012.Abstract#:116725Randall C.Starling.Presented at Heart Rhythm Socity Sessions 2014.,AdaptivCRT Response Analysis3:AdaptivCRT比传统CRT提高12%的反应率。,AdaptivCRT Trial1,2:AdaptivCRT是安全的,至少与超声优化的传统CRT在各种一级/二级终点疗效相同;AdaptivCRT可减少44%的右室起搏;,AdaptivCRT 临床研究结论,1 Martin
20、 et al.,Heart Rhythm.2012 Nov;9(11):1807-14.2 Krum H,et al.Am Heart J.2012;163:747-752.e1.3 Singh JP,et al.Presentation at European Society of Cardiology Congress August 2012.4 Birnie D.et al.,Presented at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2012.Abstract#:116725Randall C.Starling.Pre
21、sented at Heart Rhythm Socity Sessions 2014.,AdaptivCRT LV Analysis4:50%LV同步起搏降低21%HF住院率,并减少死亡率;单LV起搏在6个月的观察组中有更好的临床反应。,AdaptivCRT Long Term Outcomes and AF Incidence5:AdaptivCRT降低46%的Af发生率。,AdaptivCRT Improve HF/Af healthcare utilizations5:AdaptivCRT降低40%的30天全因再入院率;AdaptivCRT降低55%的因Af相关临床费用。,Adapti
22、ve CRT Trial1,2,1.Krum,et al.A Novel Algorithm for Individualized Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy:Rationale and Design of the Adaptive Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Trial.American Heart Journal 2012;163:747-752.2.Martin DO,Lemke B,Birnie D,et al.Investigation of a novel algorithm for synchroni
23、zed left ventricular pacing and ambulatory optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy:results of the adaptive CRT trial.Heart Rhythm.November 2012;9(11):1807-1814.,Adaptive CRT Trial,目的:比较AdaptivCRT算法和超声优化方法:522名患者,前瞻,多中心,随机,双盲临床研究入选标准:NYHA Class III/IVQRS 120 msLVEF 35%Randomized(2:1 ON vs.O
24、FF)一级终点(6 Months):临床综合评分(non-inferiority)Cardiac Performance/VTI(non-inferiority)二级终点(6 Months):右室起搏百分比,LV ESVi,LV EF,NYHA,6分钟步行,QoL。,1 Birnie D,Lemke B,Aonuma K,et al.Clinical outcomes with synchronized left ventricular pacing:Analysis of the adaptive CRT trial.Heart Rhythm.September 2013;9(10):136
25、8-1374.2 Krum H,et al.Am Heart J.2012;163:747-752.e1.,AdaptiveCRT和超声优化6个月临床综合得分无差异,Heart Rhythm.November 2012;9(11):1807-1814.,Adaptive CRT Trial,Non-inferiority P 0.001,Adaptive CRT Trial,Heart Rhythm.September 2013;9(10):1368-1374.,AdaptiveCRT减少了44%RV起搏,Treatment arm subjects,*-non-inferiority p-v
26、alue,Adaptive CRT Trial,6个月二级终点均显示aCRT和超声优化疗效无差异,Heart Rhythm.September 2013;9(10):1368-1374.,Adaptive LV Pacing Analysis1 Analysis of Outcomes by Percent LV Pacing,1.Birnie D,Lemke B,Aonuma K,et al.Clinical outcomes with synchronized left ventricular pacing:Analysis of the adaptive CRT trial.Heart
27、Rhythm.September 2013;9(10):1368-1374.,Adaptive LV Pacing Analysis,目标:同步单LV起搏是否有更好的临床结果。,方法:AdaptivCRT组内比较:单LV起搏%=50%和50%的临床获益(6个月全因死亡率、心衰住院率H以及复合临床得分改善)。AdaptivCRT组和对照组间比较:正常传导患者的临床获益差异。,Birnie D,Lemke B,Aonuma K,et al.Clinical outcomes with synchronized left ventricular pacing:Analysis of the adap
28、tive CRT trial.Heart Rhythm.September 2013;9(10):1368-1374.,Adaptive LV Pacing Analysis,LogrankP=0.003,AdaptivCRT组内比较:高LV起搏%(50%)降低21%HF住院率,以及降低死亡率,Heart Rhythm.September 2013;9(10):1368-1374,有正常AV传导的AdaptivCRT 患者与有正常AV传导的对照组患者比较 AdaptivCRT:主要运行同步LV起搏方式(73%+/-25%)6个月时有更好的临床反应(81%vs.69%),%patient imp
29、roved in CCS,p=0.041,AdaptivCRT with Normal AV intervalsControl with Normal AV intervals,组间比较:提高正常AV传导患者的临床疗效,Adaptive LV Pacing Analysis,.Birnie D,Lemke B,Aonuma K,et al.Clinical outcomes with synchronized left ventricular pacing:Analysis of the adaptive CRT trial.Heart Rhythm.September 2013;9(10):
30、1368-1374.,Multivariate Predictors of All-Cause Death and HF Hospitalization at 12-m FU*,在aCRT组中,同步LV起搏%是改善临床反应的预测因子,*Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model with stepwise approach,covariates entered at p-value=0.3 and remain if p-value 0.05.Variables considered at the model:baseline QRS duration
31、,LBBB,age,gender,BMI,ischemic etiology,LV EF,NYHA,renal dysfunction,beta-blocker use,ACE/ARB use,AV interval at randomization.,Adaptive LV Pacing Analysis,.Birnie D,Lemke B,Aonuma K,et al.Clinical outcomes with synchronized left ventricular pacing:Analysis of the adaptive CRT trial.Heart Rhythm.Sept
32、ember 2013;9(10):1368-1374.,Long Term Outcomes and AF Incidence in AdaptivCRT Trial,1.Martin D,Lemke B,Aonuma K,et al.Clinical Outcomes with Adaptive Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy:Long-term Outcomes of the Adaptive CRT Trial.HFSA Late Breakers.September 23,2013.,AdaptivCRT AF Analysis,AdaptivCRT
33、 降低 46%AF风险 与超声优化的患者相比,AdaptivCRT Response Analysis1 Analysis of Clinical Response as Compared to Historical Trials,1.Singh JP,Shen J,Chung.ES.Clinical response with Adaptive CRT algorithm compared with CRT with echocardiography-optimized atrioventricular delay:a retrospective analysis of multicentr
34、e trials.Europace.2013 Nov;15(11):1622-8,AdaptivCRT Response Analysis,比较研究方法:根据22个基线特征线性对比研究,采用Propensity score model。,目标:比较AdaptivCRT(318)和传统CRT(1003)的反应率,AdaptivCRT Response Analysis,%ImprovedClinical Composite Score,*,*-AV delay optimized arm,1 Singh JP,et al.Europace.2013 Nov;15(11):1622-8(doi:1
35、0.1093/europace/eut107).2Abraham WT,et al.N Engl J Med.2002;346:1845-1853.3 Young JB,et al.JAMA.2003;289:2685-2694.4 Abraham WT,et al.Heart Rhythm.2005;2:S65.5 Chung ES,et al.Circulation.2008;117:2608-2616.6 Martin,D,et al.Heart Rhythm 2012;9(11):1807-1814.,2,3,4,5,6,AdaptivCRT组比传统CRT组有更高的反应率,Adapti
36、vCRT比传统CRT提高12%的反应率,AdaptivCRT Response Analysis,Singh JP et al.Europace.2013 Nov;15(11):1622-8,95%CI:2.7%to 19.2%,AdaptivCRT Impacts on 30 Readminssions,1Randall C.Starling.Presented at Heart Rhythm Socity Sessions 2014.,AdaptivCRT比传统CRT减少40%的30天全因再入院率,AdaptivCRT降低55%的医疗花费,在两年内为每位患者节约630美元Af相关的医疗花费
37、。,Bernd Lemke,Presentation at CARDIOSTIM/EHRA EUROPACE 2014,AdaptivCRT reduces Healthcare Utilization,AdaptivCRT患者的一天生活动态优化,随心所跳,.,AdaptivCRT患者的一天生活,患者老王I类适应证植入了带有AdaptivCRT功能的CRTD,心功能II级,EF28%尽管老王因心衰植入了CRTD,但是心态非常好,他还是坚持每天基本的活动。,AdaptivCRT 可以通过患者活动度和传导情况自动优化起搏模式,“Day in the Life”Summary,每一分钟,你的心跳都在
38、改变。每一分钟,AdaptivCRT都在优化。,AdaptivCRT患者的一天生活,AdaptivCRT通过自动优化CRT设置,鼓励自身生理激动,提高CRT的反应率.1,2,Note:All demonstrated data are fictitious and for demonstration purposes only.,老王6个月的随访数据:Total VP=98%Adaptive LV pacing=70%Adaptive BiV or Nonadaptive BiV pacing=30%AdaptivCRT 优化了CRT治疗,在大多数时候都鼓励自身右室下传,并同步左室起搏。,1
39、Martin,D.O.,et.al.Heart Rhythm(2012),doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.07.009.2 Singh JP,Shen J,Chung ES.Clinical Response with Adaptive CRT algorithm compared to echo-guided AV optimization.Presentation at European Society of Cardiology Congress August 2012.,2090 Programmer,AdaptivCRT 程控设置,DDIR(房颤)模式下的程控设置,植入后的AdaptivCRT运行情况,30 mins after VF detect ON,Immediately after programming AdaptivCRT from non-adaptive to adaptive model,动态优化,随心所跳Thank you,