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1、常见典型正误辨析,一、常见时态典型正误例析 1、如果他明天不能准时来，我们就不知道做什么。【误】If we wont come on time tomorrow,we wont know what to do.【正】If we doesnt come on time tomorrow,we wont know what to do.当主句是一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句的谓语动词通常用一般现在时态代替一般将来时。2、爸爸进来的时候，我正在做作业。【误】I was doing my homework while my father came in.【正】I was doing my home
2、work when my father came in.,While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，不能是终止性动词；而when 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词即可以是延续性动词，也可以是终止性动词。3、你是什么时候学游泳的？【误】When have you learned to swim?【正】When did you learn to swim?现在完成时强调过去的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响；而一般过去时强调过去发生且现在已经结束的动作，它和现在没有直接关系。,4、这台电脑我已经买了三年了。【误】I have bought this computer for three
3、years.【正】I bought this computer three years ago.【正】I have had this computer for three years.【正】Its three years/Three years has passed since I bought this computer.英语中的动词有终止性动词和延续性动词之分。终止性动词的现在完成时的肯定式不能与表示“段”的时间状语连用。,常见的终止性动词与延续性动词的转换：,come-be here arrive in/arrive at/reach/get to-be in begin/start-b
4、e on become-be;borrow-keep buy-have die-be dead end/finish-be overget up-be up go/get out-be out fall asleep-be asleep等。,5、你去哪儿了？【误】Where have you gone?【正】Where have you been?have gone to some place表示某人在去某地的途中或者已经到达了某地；have been to some place表示某人到过某地，现在已回来了。,二、情态动词典型正误例析,1、在课堂上你应该仔细地听老师讲课【误】You shou
5、ld to listen to the teacher carefully in class.【正】You should listen to the teacher carefully in class.should 表示劝告、建议、意为“应该”。用于所有人称，和其他的情态动词一样，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。2、我们必须现在打扫教室吗？不，不必。【误】Must we clean the classroom now?No,you mustnt.【正】Must we clean the classroom now?No,you neednt.,情态动词must用于一般疑问句时，否定回答通常
6、用No,neednt.3、为了赶上火车，我们现在就得动身。【误】In order to catch the train,we must have to set out now.【正】In order to catch the train,we must/have to set out now.must 和 have to 都有“必须”的意思，不能重复使用。4、这个人肯定不是老师。【误】The person mustnt be a teacher.【正】The person cant be a teacher.must 表示“推测、判断”时，一般只用在肯定句中，表示否定的“推测、判断”应用can
7、t。,5、由于生病，格林先生今天不能去上班了。【误】Mr Green cant be able to go to work today because of illness.【正】Mr Green cant/isnt able to go to work today because of illness.can 和be able to 都有“能够”的意思，不能重复使用。6、他们现在需要学习英语。【误】They need learn English now.【正】They need to learn English now need 用作情态动词时，只能用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，在肯定句中
8、need 只能用作实意动词，后面接动词不定式。,7、他必须马上离开吗？是的。【误】Need he be off right now?Yes,he need.【正】Need he be off right now?Yes,he must.need 作情态动词用于疑问句时，其肯定回答应该用Yes,must.。,三、反意疑问句典型正误例析,1、这台机器有毛病，是吗？【误】Something is wrong with the machine,isnt there?【正】Something is wrong with the machine,isnt it?当陈述句的主语是something,ever
9、ything,nothing等时，反义疑问句的主语用it。但当陈述部分的主语是someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等时，反义疑问句的主语常用they。如：Everyone is here,arent they?,2、汤姆能独自完成这项工作，是吗？【误】Tom can finish the work by himself,doesnt he?【正】Tom can finish the work by himself,cant he?如果陈述部分有系动词、情态动词或助动词，反义疑问句用与它相应的肯定或否定形式即可；如果没有，就要根据陈述部分的时态选择适当的助动词。
10、3、瓶子里几乎没有水，是吗？【误】There is little water in the bottle,isnt there?【正】There is little water in the bottle,is there?,当陈述部分是“there be”结构时，附加疑问部分用there作主语；当陈述部分含有never,few,little,nothing hardly等表示否定意义的词时，疑问部分须用肯定形式。4、打开窗户，好吗？【误】Open the window,dont you?【正】Open the window,will you?当陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问句部分用will y
11、ou.或wont you。如果是否定的祈使句，则只能用will you。如果祈使句是以lets 开头，附加疑问句则用shall we。,5、我认为她是不对的，是吗？【误】I dont think she is right,do I?【正】I dont think she is right,is she?当陈述部分的主句是I dont think/believe/suppose 后接宾语从句时，附加疑问句的主语和动词必须和从句保持一致。6、我们必须按时到达那里，是吗？【误】We have to get there on time,havent we?【正】We have to get there
12、 on time,dont we?当陈述部分的谓语动词含有have to/has to/had to时，附加疑问句部分常用助动词do 的适当形式。,7、她看上去不高兴，是吗？【误】She looks unhappy,does she?【正】She looks unhappy,doesnt she?当陈述部分的否定词是由加否定前缀或后缀构成的，则仍视陈述部分为肯定形式，附加疑问部分用否定形式。,四、“建议”句型典型正误例析,1、你介意我抽烟吗？不介意，你当然可以抽。【误】Would you mind my smoking?Yes,you can.【正】Would you mind my smok
13、ing?No,certainly not.回答带有mind 的问句时应该注意：表示“介意”时，用yes，后面接句子，意思是不让对方做某事；表示“不介意”时，用no，后面接句子，意思是允许对方做某事。,2、你愿意和我一起去动物园吗？当然愿意。【误】Would you like to go to the zoo with me?Yes,Id like.【正】Would you like to go to the zoo with me?Yes,Id like to.对“Would you like?”句型作肯定回答时，应用Yes,Id like/love to.，不定式符号to 不可省略。3、我去
14、给你端些水来，好吗？好的。【误】Shall I get you some water?Yes,you shall.【正】Shall I get you some water?Yes,please.读“Shall I?”作回答时，肯定回答用Yes,please.；否定回答用No,thanks.。,4、出去散步怎么样？【误】What about to go out for a walk?【正】What about going out for a walk?“What/How about?”用于提出建议、征求意见等，意为“怎么样？”，其后可接名词、代词或V-ing形式。5、为什么不再试一次呢？【误】
15、Why not to try again?【正】Why not try again?“Why not?”的意思是“为什么不呢？”，后面接动词原形，表达自己对某事的某种认识或看法。类似的用法还有Youd better+动词原形+其他。和Would you please+动词原形+其他？如：,Youd better not go there alone.你最好别单独去那里。Would you please not be late for school again?请你上学不要再迟到，好吗？6、我们去向老师告别，好吗？【误】Lets go and say goodbye to our teacher
16、,will you?【正】Lets go and say goodbye to our teacher,shall we?“lets”包括说话人和听话人在内，后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示“建议做某事”，意为“我们吧！”，是一种直截了当的建议，后面的附加疑问部分应为shall we。,五、直接引语变成间接引语典型正误例析,1、He said to me,”Your picture is very good.”【误】He told me that your picture was very good.【正】He told me that my picture was very goo
17、d.直接引语中的第一人称到间接引语中，就变成说话人的人称；直接引语中的第二人称到间接引语中，就变成听话人的人称；直接引语中的第三人称到间接引语中，人称不变。2、Gina said,“I am learning computer now.”【误】Gina said that she is learning computer now.【正】Gina said that she was learning computer then.直接引语变为间接引语时，当主句是一般过去时态时，现在进行时要变成过去进行时，now 要变成then。,3、George said to me,“I will bring
18、these books here tomorrow.”【误】George told me that he would take these books here tomorrow.【正】George told me that he would take those books there the next day.直接引语变成间接引语时，指示代词this 要变成that，these 变成those;here 变成there,tomorrow 要变成the next day。4、He said,“my grandmother died in 1960.”【误】he said that his g
19、randmother had died in 1960.【正】he said that his grandmother died in 1960.如果直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的时间状语，在变为间接引语时，一般过去时通常保持不变。,5、He said,“Ive worked here since I finished school.”【误】He said that he had worked there since he had finished school.【正】He said that he had worked there since he finished school.如果直接引
20、语中有以when 或since 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时，状语从句中的一般过去时保持不变。主句的谓语动词则要变为过去完成时。,6、He said,“I was reading when she came in.”【误】He said that he had been reading when she came in.【正】He said that he was reading when she came in.在含有时间状语从句的直接引语中，主句的谓语动词为过去进行时、过去完成时或过去将来时，在变为间接引语时，这些时态通常不变。7、He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”【误】He said that light traveled much faster than sound.【正】He said that light travels much faster than sound.当直接引语是客观真理、谚语或名人名言时，在变为间接引语时，时态不变。,The end,
