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1、虚拟语气Subjunctive,虚拟语气,虚拟语气(subjunctive mood)是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。陈述语气(indicative mood)陈述事实。祈使语气(imperative mood)提出请求、命令等。,虚拟语气的概念,虚拟语气,一、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：,虚拟语气在 在条件从句中,虚拟语气,例句If you had come a few m
2、inutes earlier,you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)2.If it were sunny tomorrow,I would come to see you.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)3.If I were you,I would go at once.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你),虚拟语气在 在条件从句中,虚拟语气,二、省略 if 的条件从句当从句中有 were,had 或 should 时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。If I were to me
3、et him tomorrow,I should ask him about it.Were I to meet him tomorrow,If he should fail in the experiment this time,he would try again.Should he fail in the experiment,虚拟语气在 在条件从句中,虚拟语气,三、错综时间的条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：If they had studied hard,they could do it easily now.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在
4、干的就会容易些。If he had not taken my advice,he wouldnt do it much better like this.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。,虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：,虚拟语气,1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望(wish),建议(suggest,advice,propose,recommend)，要求(demand,request,require,insist),命令(order,command)等。2、除wish外，其它动词用should+do 构成,should 可以省略。3、wish接宾语从句有三种情况：1)现在：用过
5、去式 2)过去：用过去完成式(had done)3)将来：用情态动词(would/could)+do,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,例句1.I wish she would be on my side.我希望她能站在我一边。2.I wish I were 10 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻十岁。3.I wish(that)you would get a good job.我希望你能找到一个好职业。4.He wished he hadnt done it.他想要是他没这样做该多好。5.He ordered that the students wash the clothes
6、 every week by themselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,4、记住：insist/suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should+do;insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。例句The teacher suggested that we(should)clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。He insis
7、ted that all of us should be there on time by any means.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。He insisted that he was right.他坚称他是正确的。,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,在would(had)rather(宁愿)引导的宾语从句中 当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。I would rather he came tomorrow than today.我宁愿他明天而不是今天来。I would rather she hadnt done that.
8、(过去)我宁愿她没做过那事。,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,在句型“It is important(necessary,strange,natural)that.”中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形 例句Its necessary that we should have a walk now.我们有必要出去散散步。Its natural that she should do so.她这样做是很自然的。Its important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。,虚拟语气在 在主
9、语从句中,虚拟语气,主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish/desire)、建议(suggestion/advice)要求(requirement/demand)、命令(order,command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用(should)+do.Our suggestion is that you(should)be there on time.,虚拟语气在 在表语从句中,虚拟语气,同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。The suggestion that students(should)learn something practical is worth c
10、onsidering.Do you know the order that you(should)keep watch.,虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中,虚拟语气,在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(had done).一、as if 连接表语从句 she looked as if she were made of ice.她看起来似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.二、as if 连接让步状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he we
11、re her own son.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。He speaks to us as if he had been there.他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。,虚拟语气在 在 as if 从句中,虚拟语气,1.if only 意为：若是.那该多好啊;真希望.;只要,只要.就好 表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态 If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.2.Its(high/about)time that that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should+do Its
12、 time that you left here.,虚拟语气中的几个特例,虚拟语气,3.一些介词短语,如:but for(要不是),without,otherwise(否则),in that case(如果是那样的话),表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气（1）Without your help,we would not have made such rapid progress.没有你的帮忙，我们不会取得如此快的进步。（2）But for your help,we couldnt have succeeded.要不是你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。,虚拟语气中的几个特例,虚拟语气,1、表示说话人的要求、建议、命令时，常用(should)do表示虚拟形式,主要用于名词性从句中。2、其它情况常用两种形式：表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式。3、小小顺口溜虚拟语气并不难,从句时态都提前,主句would加在前，注意动词要还原，省略if要倒装。,简单的归纳,
