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1、Grammar,Part 6,语法归纳,“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句,基础练习 在句中填入适当的介词。1.We discussed many problems _ the meeting yesterday.,at,语法热身练,2.Peter was very grateful _ Simons help.3.I paid 5000 yuan _ the computer.4.Man cant live _ air.,for,for,without,5.The Peoples Republic of China was founded _October 1st,1949.6.T
2、he Peoples Republic of China was founded _1949.7.Hangzhou is famous _ the West Lake.,on,in,for,8.刚才那名男子与那个女孩谈话了。The man talked _ the girl just now.9.刚才那名男子谈到了那个女孩。The man talked _ the girl just now.,with,about,10.The clever boy could see what was happening inside the house _ a hole in the wall.这些介词的
3、搭配,是我们学习“介词+which/whom引导的定语从句”的基础,只有熟练掌握,才能在含有定语从句的复合句中正确选用介词。,through,熟读深思仔细阅读下列句子,归纳介词选用的方法。1.Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems.(表示“在会议上”,为at the meeting,本句根据介词与先行词的搭配来确定介词。),一、介词的使用,2.Simon helped Peter repair his guitar,for which he was very grateful.(表示“对某事感激”，为be g
4、rateful for sth.本句根据与从句中谓语部分形容词的搭配来选用介词),3.The computer for which I paid 5000 yuan is made in Shenzhen.(表示“付款”，为pay for，本句主要考虑介词与从句谓语动词的搭配)4.Air,without which man cant live,is really important.(本句既要考虑介词与谓语部分的搭配,又考虑与先行词的搭配,从句可还原为Man cant live without air),“介词+关系代词”中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法：1.向前看 根据先行词来确定介词。Oct
5、ober 1st,1949 is the day on which the Peoples Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。(on the day),用法归纳,1949 is the year in which the Peoples Republic of China was founded.1949年是中华人民共和国成立的年份。(in the year)2.向后看 根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词。如：The West Lake,for which Hangzhou is famous,is a beau
6、tiful place.(be famous for),3.前后看 根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词,既要考虑介词与谓语部分的搭配,又要考虑与先行词的搭配。如：Do you know the girl with whom the man talked just now?你认识刚才跟那名男子谈话的女孩吗？(talk with与交谈),Do you know the girl about whom the man talked just now?你认识那名男子刚才谈到的女孩吗？(talk about 谈论)The clever boy made a hole in the wall，throug
7、h which he could see what was happening inside the house.那个聪明的男孩在墙上凿了个洞,通过那个洞可以看到屋内正在发生的一切。,1.This is the boy(whom/who/that)I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.这就是昨天同我打网球的那个男孩。,二、介词的位置,熟读深思,2.She has a little daughter,who/whom is looked after by her gra
8、ndma.她有一个妹妹，这个妹妹由她奶奶照管。(正)She has a little daughter,after whom is looked by her grandma.(误),1.介词一般放在关系代词which或whom之前,但也可以放在从句原来的位置上。The house in which we put our tools is going to be rebuilt.=the house(which/that)we put our tools in is going to be rebuilt.我们放工具的那座房子将要重建。,用法归纳,2.如果定语从句的动词与介词构成不可分割的固定
9、搭配时,一般不宜将介词与动词分开，即介词不能放到关系代词之前。此类短语有：care for(喜欢),deal with(处理，对付),get through(完成),hear from(收到的来信),listen to,look after,take care of,look for,look into,take off,be used to(习惯于),make use of,take part in,depend on,等。,The magazine which/that you are looking for is on the bed.你正在找的那份杂志在床上。(look for一般不能
10、拆开),1.当先行词是物时,介词后用关系代词which,即“介词+which”.当先行词是人时,用关系代词whom,即“介词+whom”.如：This is the hero of whom we are proud.这是我们引以自豪的英雄。This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.这是我用来写信的钢笔。,三、关系词的选用与省略,2.介词后的关系代词不能省略,也不能用that,who来替换which,whom等。但当介词不置于关系代词之前,而在定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which指物,that/whom/who指人,此时关系代词往往可以省
11、略。This is the hero(that/who/whom)we are proud of.这是我们引以自豪的英雄。This is the pen that/which I wrote the letter with.这是我用来写信的钢笔,3.某些表示时间、地点、原因状语的“介词+which”结构可以同关系副词when,where,why等互换。This is the house where(=in which)I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。,I will remember the day forever when(=on which)I won t
12、he first place in the contest.我将永远记住我在竞赛中获得第一名的那一天。This is the reason why(=for which)he was refused.这是他被拒绝的原因。,4.whose可以转换为“of+关系代词”,如：They live in a house,whose door(=of which the door/the door of which)opens to the south.,5.that不引导非限定性定语从句,也不置于介词后。,提示：what不是定语从句的引导词。,同步作业,二、连接句子 用“介词+which/whom”将a
13、,b 两个句子连接起来。1.a.The woman is from the USA.b.I work for her.The woman for whom I work is from the USA.,2.a.Alice likes the family.b.She is living with them.Alice likes the family with whom she is living.,3.a.The person never answers me.b.I sent him an e-mail.The person to whom I sent an e-mail never
14、answers me.,4.a.That is the girl.b.You lent your bike to her.That is the girl to whom you lent your bike.5.a.I have never heard of the singer.b.My son talks about the singer.I have never heard of the singer about whom my son talks.,二、用“介词+关系代词”填空,1.The factory _ I work is a large one.2.This is the r
15、eason _ he was put in prison.3.China has a lot of islands,_ is Taiwan.,among which,in which,for which,4.The man,_ I learned the news,is an engineer.5.He was educated at the local high school,_ he went on to Beijing University.6.Theres no man _ he can turn for help.,to whom,from whom,after which,7.He
16、 bought many books _ he spent almost all his money.8.The speed _ light travels is about 300,000 km per second.,at which,on which,9.His brother,_ I went to the zoo,took many pictures there.10.The document _ they were searching has been recovered.,for which,with whom,11.Mathematics is the subject _ I
17、am most interested.12.This is the question _ we have had a discussion.13.Is that the girl _ you lent your bicycle?,to whom,in which,about which,三、对比练习 比较下列各句,用适当的关系代词、关系副词或“介词+which/whom”填空(每空一词)。1.This is the museum _ my mother worked 10 years ago.This is the museum _ was built in 1950.,where/in wh
18、ich,which/that,2.July 1,1921 was the day _ our party was founded.July 1,1921 was the day _ we will not forget.3.I remember the days _ I lived in my home town.I remember the days _ I spent with my grandpa.,when/on which,which/that/不填,when/in which,which/that/不填,4.The house _ they were living was buil
19、t a century ago.The house _ used to be a temple is a school now.5.A bookstore is a place _ you can get books.A bookstore is a place _ sells books.,where/in which,which/that,where/at which,which/that,6.I cant find the card _ I wrote your address.I cant find the card _ I wrote your address.7.The box _
20、 he put his photos is gone.The box _ he is carrying is heavy.,where/on which,which/that,where/in which,which/that/不填,8.The hotel _ we stayed during our holiday stands by the seaside.The hotel _ stands by the seaside is quite comfortable.,which/that,where/in which,五、语法填空 Emmanuel Jal is an African hi
21、p-hop artist.He has become a well known activist and 1 _(music)around the world.Jal believes he survived violence 2 _(spread)a message of peace and forgiveness.,1.音乐家。2.动词不定式作目的状语。句意：他认为自己从战争中幸存下来,是为了传达和平与谅解的信息。,musician,to spread,At the age of six or seven years old,Emmanuel became a soldier for th
22、e Sudan Peoples Liberation Army.He 3 _(make)to carry a gun that was taller than he.For almost five years he fought in wars in Ethiopia and Sudan.,3.因是“被迫使”,用被动语态。,was made,A British aid worker,Emma McCune,4 _(rescue)him and took him to Nairobi,Kenya.She legally made him 5 _ son.But Mizz McCune died
23、soon after in an automobile accident.,4.与took为并列谓语,均用一般过去时。5.物主代词,指“Emma McCune的”。,rescued,her,To help him recover from 6 _ he experienced when he was a child,Emmanuel Jal began singing and fell in love with hip-hop.He believed the music was 7 _easy and effective way to spread his message.,6.引导宾语从句并
24、在从句中作宾语,意为“的事情”。7.音乐是一种简单而有效的传递信息方式。表示“一”，用不定冠词。,what,an,His first CD was“Gua,”8 _ means“peace”in the Nuer language of Sudan.The CD made him famous.His second album,“War Child,”is about his experiences 9 _ a child soldier in Sudan,how he changed and how he wants to make a difference.,8.引导非限定性定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词为“Gua”。9.表示“作为（一名）”。,as,which,Emmanuel Jal started an aid organization called Gua Africa,10 _which he performs around the world to raise money.,10.介词，意为“为”。,for,Thank you!,
