任务型读写公开课.ppt

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1、三、任务型读写,1(2013安徽高考)阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填一个单词。Aristotle once wrote that“happiness is a state of activity”.In other words,whether youre seeking life-long satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer,youve got to move forward.Weve interviewed the experts and found five steps to take tow

2、ard a sunny mood(心情):,Over a 30-year period,University of Illinois researchers asked nearly 120,000 people how income,education,political participation,volunteer activities and close relationships affected their happiness.Reported Newsweeks Sharon Begley on the findings,“The highest levels of happin

3、ess are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships.”,Singing aloud,talking to a stranger,raising your hand:all may increase a feeling of happiness,according to a study from Wake Forest University.Participants(参与者)followed the development of their moods for two weeks and reported feeling

4、 happier when they were more outgoing and less happy when reserved or withdrawn.,The editors of gave$5 or$20 to 46 strangers by chance.Half the group was told to spend the money on themselves,while the other half was told to spend it on others.Those whod shared the wealth felt much happier at the en

5、d of the day than those whod spent it on themselves.There was no difference in happiness between those who spent$5 or$20,suggesting that its not how much money you spend,but how you spend it,that inspires the spirit.,Studies from the Positive Psychology Center showed that discouraged people who wrot

6、e down three good things that happened to them each day for six months reported an improved attitude.Drinking water really can help keep you cheerful.A small 2012 study from the University of Connecticut suggested that even slight dehydration(脱水)affected the moods of its female participants.,【文章大意】介

7、绍关于幸福感是什么,如何寻找幸福感。,1.Look(ing)/Search(ing)/Seek(ing)【解析】信息查找/概括题。第1题所在部分为文章标题,要能概括全文内容,全文叙述的是有关幸福的话题,再根据for Happiness,还有文中的In other words,whether youre seeking life-long satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer,可知选用Look(ing)/Search(ing)/Seek(ing)这些词,另外还请注意单词首字母的大小写及动词采用的形式,就标题而言,可用动词原形或动词的ing形式。,

8、2.forward/ahead/on【解析】信息查找题。本题所用的词汇在第一段中有提示,youve got to move forward,另根据表格中的形式还可用ahead/on等副词来表示“向前/继续”的意思。,3.experts/researchers【解析】信息查找题。从文中第一段中Weve interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood,以及第二段中Over a 30-year period,University of Illinois researchers asked,可知此处为专家

9、或研究人员研究发现的结果。,4.steps/ways【解析】信息查找题。从文中第一段最后一句话中and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood可知,本空选用steps/ways,而表格此处标题下方正好给出了5种方法或措施。5.greatest【解析】信息概括题。根据文中第二段的The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships可知,此处为“最大的幸福”,用形容词最高级修饰happiness。,6.Express【解

10、析】信息概括题。根据文中第三段feeling happier when they were more outgoing and less happy when reserved or withdrawn的信息对比分析,可知性格外向、开朗会得到更多的幸福,正好与表格中的You can gain happiness by singing aloud or talking to others一致,所以分析可知yourself为“表达你自己”,再根据表格中6空所在列的其他标题可知,此处应用动词原形,所以用express,注意该单词首字母要大写。,7.sharing【解析】信息加工题。从文中第四段中Th

11、ose whod shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day,可知选用share一词,但要完成表格,还应注意7空前为介词by,所以用sharing。8.Focus/Concentrate【解析】信息概括题。从全文倒数第二段全段意思以及表格中后一部分的when you fix your attention on good things可推知8空应为“关注/聚焦”一些积极的事情,所以用短语“focus/concentrate on”。,9.feeling/mood/sense【解析】信息概括题。从全文内容可推知,主要讲述寻找幸

12、福感(sense of happiness)。10.these/those【解析】信息概括题。根据10空前的标题Conclusion以及上面陈述的5 steps/ways,可推知结论为“假如所有这些事情都被做到了,那将会找到幸福”。,2(2012安徽高考)阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填一个单词。Traveling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier.We live in a global village,but this doesnt mean that we all behave

13、in the same way.,How should you behave when you meet someone for the first time?An American shakes your hand firmly while looking you straight in the eye.In many parts of Asia,there is no physical contact(接触)at all.In Japan,you should bow,and the more respect you want to show,the deeper you should b

14、ow.In Thailand,people greet each other by pressing both hands together at the chest.In both countries,eye contact is avoided as a sign of respect.,Many countries have rules about what you should and shouldnt wear.In Muslim countries,you shouldnt reveal(显露)the body,especially women,who should wear lo

15、ng blouses and skirts.In Korea,you should take off your shoes when entering a house.Remember to place them neatly together where you came in.,In Spain,lunch is often the biggest meal of the day,and can last two or three hours.For this reason many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner.In Mex

16、ico,lunch is a time to relax,and many people prefer not to discuss business as they eat.In Britain,its not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.,In most countries,an exchange of business cards is necessary for all introductions.You should include your company name and your position.If y

17、ou are going to a country where your language is not widely spoken,you can get the back side of your card printed in the local language.In China,you may present your card with the writing facing the person you are giving it to.,【文章大意】主要介绍不同国家的风俗习惯,如问候、穿着、餐桌文化及商务场合的交际礼仪,提醒旅行者应该入乡随俗。,1.Manners/manners

18、/Behavior/behavior【解析】综合概括题。提取各段主题句,整合提炼后可知本语篇主要介绍不同国家的风俗习惯,如问候、穿着、餐桌文化及商务场合的交际礼仪。2.Greeting【解析】综合概括题。根据第二段主题句“How should you behave when you meet someone for the first time?”和“.people greet each other.”,综合提炼后可知本段介绍不同国家的人初次见面的问候情况。,3.Bowing【解析】整合转换题。根据第二段“.the deeper you should bow”,结合本单元格中另外两项,可知应用

19、Bowing。4.Muslim【解析】信息筛选题。根据第三段“In Muslim countries.”,筛选出信息词Muslim。,5.entrance/door【解析】整合转换题。提取第三段信息“In Korea,you should take off your shoes when entering a house”,根据表格形式要求将entering转换成entrance/door。6.lunch【解析】信息筛选题。根据第四段In Mexico,lunch is a time to relax.,筛选出单词lunch。,7.Britain/England/the UK【解析】信息筛选题

20、。根据第四段In Britain,its not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.可知此处应填Britain/England/the UK。8.introducing【解析】整合转换题。此处为when doing sth.的结构,根据最后一段In most countries,an exchange of business cards is necessary for all introductions.可知introducing符合题意。,9.with【解析】信息筛选题。根据文章最后一句In China,you may pr

21、esent your card with the writing facing the person you are giving it to.,筛选出有效信息词with。10.abroad/about/around/worldwide【解析】综合概括题。根据单词travel的搭配情况,此处应用副词,通过对第一段中的“all corners of the world和global”及各段的主题信息进行概括可知答案。,3(2011安徽高考)阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填一个单词。If we agree that the function of edu

22、cation is to prepare us for life,then there is very little time to waste.So,while we can,we ought to concentrate on teaching children something really useful.Here is what our schools should teach.,Politeness is a mark of civilization.The sooner children learn this,the better.In any case,a lot can be

23、 accomplished by a smile and good manners.Like it or not,our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money,but we dont make an effort to teach children how to manage it.So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning.,Were likely to accept something we are told,but

24、thats not what educated people do.Educated people are reasonable and they look at facts.If our schools teach nothing else,they should at least teach critical(批判性的)thinking.Children should learn to take care of their health.They should know that if they eat junk food(垃圾食品),they will become fat and un

25、healthy.They should be very clear about what happens to their bodies when they drink or smoke.,All of us are part of society.We have rights and responsibilities.We ought to understand what they are.We have to know a little bit of our history and geography,because we need to have an environment in wh

26、ich to relate to the people around us.How will we test students on these?We cant.But thats not a reason to avoid teaching what is important.Our schools should spend every moment they have telling this to our children:“This is life,this is what you are going to face,and this is how you deal with it.”

27、,【文章大意】本文旨在说明一个问题,就是教育的目的应该是为生活做准备。本文意在说明教育的功能,及我们在教育过程中应该注意的方面。,1.Teaching/Education/Schooling【解析】信息筛选题。由文章第一段可知答案。本空只要填和“教育”含义有关的词汇即可。2.preparation【解析】整合转换题。由.the function of education is to prepare us for life可知答案。答此题时注意空前有冠词a,故应用名词preparation。,3.school(s)【解析】信息筛选题。由句子Here is what our schools sho

28、uld teach.可知答案。答此题时注意单复数即可。4.Contents/contents/Subjects/subjects/Topics/topics【解析】综合概括题。句子Here is what our schools should teach.和以下各段分别说明教育的“内容,科目”等,本空只要切合这个含义即可。,5.politely/properly/well【解析】整合转换题。由句子Politeness is a mark of civilization.可知答案。注意本空应根据Politeness选择含义;根据behave选择副词形式。6.managing【解析】整合转换题。根

29、据第三段.we dont make an effort to teach children how to manage it.So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning可知答案。注意此空前的介词of,故填managing。,7.think【解析】整合转换题。由句子If our schools teach nothing else,they should at least teach critical thinking.可知答案。注意此空前的不定式to,故填think。8.healthy/fit

30、【解析】整合转换题。根据第五段Children should learn to take care of their health.,此空在动词keep后,应该用形容词healthy(或fit),构成系表结构。,9.society【解析】信息筛选题。由句子All of us are part of society.We have rights and responsibilities.可知答案。10.life【解析】信息筛选题。由句子“This is life,this is what you are going to face,and this is how you deal with it

31、.”可知答案。,热点考向 1 信息筛选题1.命题特点:(1)试题与原文句型结构大都有变化。(2)可以直接筛选查找出相应原词。,2.解题技巧:信息筛选题是基础题目,一般可以直接通过将表格和短文进行对照,边读文章边找出试题的相关信息,有时试题和原文句型句式不同,需进行简单的逻辑推理然后找到相应单词,直接填入筛选出的原词。,【典例】(2012安徽高考)原文:In China,you may present your card with the writing facing the person you are giving it to.表格:Presenting a card to a person

32、(84)its front facing him.【点拨】根据表格句型结构明确此处必填介词,然后从中找出相关词present your card及presenting a card和facing筛选出单词with。,(2011安徽高考)原文:This is life,this is what you are going to face,and this is how you deal with it.表格:Children should be taught what(85)is and how to deal with it.,【点拨】表格中的句子对原文进行了改变,通过句意和意群how to

33、deal with it在原文中找到how you deal with it及其全句筛选出单词life。,热点考向 2 整合转换题1.命题特点:(1)不能直接筛选出原词,但可以找出同根词或同类意义的句型。(2)要求考生变化词形时要注意保持同一单元格或上下单元格的一致性。,2.解题技巧:整合转换题是典型的信息二次加工题型,需要考生有基本的构词法知识,对句子成分和词性的对应关系要明确。做题时,不但要找到与试题相关的句子信息,还要根据词法和句法知识以及上下文的逻辑关系进行加工,从而提炼出新词。可细分为如下两种情况:(1)词形整合转换。被考查单词在原文和试题中充当的句子成分不同,因而需在名词、动词、形

34、容词、副词等之间进行转换。例如:,【典例】(2011安徽高考)原文:Politeness is a mark of civilization.表格:How to behave(80)politely.【点拨】根据文意首先找到关联信息句,通过比照找到关键词。原句中的politeness是名词,转换后成为动词behave的修饰语,故应为副词形式politely。这是典型的词性和词形转换的例子。,(2012安徽高考)原文:.the deeper you should bow表格:(78)Bowing to show respect【点拨】原文中找到信息词原形动词bow后,再参看单元格其他项,应填写B

35、owing。注意单元格内要保持结构的一致性。句首字母要大写。,(2)句型整合转换。试题中的被考查单词在原文中找不到同根词,无法获取单词进行转换,需在短文中通过语境找到相应表达句,根据上下文逻辑关系进行句型转换。例如:,【典例】(2010安徽高考)原文:Understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.表格:A difficult person will be(84)easier to cooperate with if understandin

36、g is achieved.【点拨】原文中less difficult的近义为easier。,3.转换原则(1)保持表格内词性、大小写和语法运用上的一致性。同一单元格要注意在用词方面保持一致的格式。,【典例】(2012安徽高考),【点拨】观察此表,发现右栏单元格内均为v.-ing形式,故78题也应填上v.-ing形式为宜。由于其他句首均大写,故78题也应首字母大写。,(2)善用同义词和反义词进行转换。例如:Most workers were for/were in favor of/stood for the decision.=Most workers supported the decis

37、ion.(同义词)They found the problem was not easy,so they decided to turn to the professor.=Finding they couldnt solve the difficult problem,they consulted the professor.(反义词)(3)正确使用构词法。,【典例】(2011安徽高考)原文:.the function of education is to prepare us for life.表格:Education should be a(77)preparation for life

38、.,【点拨】学好构词法是做好任务型读写题的知识准备。本题原文中prepare是动词原形,而表格中要求填写名词,故加上后缀-tion进行构词。(4)熟练运用语法句型转换。,【典例】(2011安徽高考)原文:.but we dont make an effort to teach children how to manage it.表格:The basic skill of(81)managing money.,【点拨】原文中的manage是动词不定式结构,使用的是动词原形,而表格中的空格位置是介词的宾语,应使用名词、动名词,故应该用managing。这是典型的语法句型和词性、词形转换的例子。总之

39、,句型转换比较难以掌握,平时要多观察、多总结、多记忆,并经常用翻译法训练,包括一句多译,词句替换等形式。,热点考向 3综合概括题1.命题特点:所填词汇有两种情况,一种是纲领性词汇,具有总括性,一般位于表格的第一行或第一列;另一种是对短文中某些句子或段落的综合与概括。2.解题技巧:综合概括题要求考生对全文结构或段落意义进行总体把握,通过观察表格的设置特点,从而归纳和概括出所考查的单词。,【典例】(2011安徽高考),【点拨】根据表格中左列上下单元格(Title,Introduction,Advice,Conclusion)进行对照可知79题应填写概括性词汇,再通过该单元格右栏5点信息进行综合概括

40、,结合原文句子Here is what our schools should teach和以下各段内容可知是谈“教育的内容或话题”,故使用Contents/contents/Subjects/subjects/Topics/topics。,3.常见的概括性词汇总结、概括:conclusion,summary建议:suggestion,tip,advice,proposal,recommendation影响:effect,influence,impact印象:impression因果:reason,cause;result,consequence成败:success,achievement,vi

41、ctory,triumph;failure,defeat,利弊:advantage the same,similarity,equality优点:advantage,strong point,strength,virtue,convenience缺点:disadvantage,shortcoming,weakness,drawback利益、好处:good,benefit,interest,profit,gain错误:mistake,error,fault质量、品质:quality,virtue,数量:quantity,amount,number目的:purpose,aim,goal,objec

42、tive方法:way,means,method,approach,solution,manner措施:measure,action行为、活动:action,behavior,conduct,activity步骤:step,stage,process,procedure频率、频度:frequency,rate程度:degree,level,extent,观点、意见:opinion,view,point of view,viewpoint,standpoint想法:idea,thought,thinking(无)意识:(un)awareness,(un)consciousness原理、原则、规律:

43、theory,principle,law,rule意义:importance,significance,meaning,sense价值:value态度:attitude,manner感觉:feeling,emotion,motivation,同意、正面:agreement,positive,pros,approval,favor,support反对、反面:disagreement,negative,cons,opposite,contrary,opposition,objection要求、需求:demand,need,requirement,request,desire,claim问题:que

44、stion,problem,issue答案:answer,key,solution,result反应:response,reaction变化:change,比较:comparison,contrast评价:comment,evaluation,remark,assessment特点:feature,character,characteristic种类:kind,sort,type,style,form,category,variety,class,description等级:grade,rank,degree,class风俗、习惯:custom,habit,manner惯例:practice,

45、routine,usage规则、规定:rule,regulation,主题、话题:theme,subject,topic标题:title,headline,heading作用、功能:use,usage,function关系、联系:relation,relationship,connection,touch,link,contact来源、历史:origin,history,source事实、现实:fact,reality,actuality,情况、状况:thing,status,situation,condition,case,circumstance,state说明:explanation,s

46、tatement,description,instruction,direction,illustration介绍:introduction,presentation定义:definition描述性词汇:length,height,width,depth,distance,weight,size,color,look,appearance,shape,rate,speed,age,sex,price,易错点 1整合转换时词性变化错误(母题)(2012安徽高考)原文:In Korea,you should take off your shoes whenentering a house.表格:T

47、aking off your shoes at the(80)entrance/door.(变式),原文:The girl was playing the violin in the park with a beautiful manner,which attracted many passers-by.表格:Many passers-by were attracted to watch the girl who was playing the violin beautifully in the park.,【误区点拨】整合转换题的易错点主要有两点,一是关键信息词找错,二是词性、词形变错。母题

48、中提取信息词entering,再根据表格形式要求将entering转换成entrance/door。变式题中原文是名词的修饰语,应用形容词,而表格中则变成了playing the violin的修饰语,应用副词作状语。,易错点 2 读表误判概括性词汇(母题)(2011安徽高考),(变式)(2009安徽高考),【误区点拨】解答任务型读写,尤其是综合概括题,应理清表格纲要,理顺各单元格的相互关系,归纳出所列举对象的全部信息内涵,从而确定概括类别。有时综合概括的词汇在原文中可以筛选得到,所以紧扣原文尤为重要,不要游离原文。,母题中第79题是综合概括题。通过读表,考生容易受表格中behave,skil

49、l,way,responsibilities的影响而填写相应的名词,实际上这都是不全面的,综合整个单元格,结合原文中的Here is what our schools should teach可以得出本题应填写Contents/contents/Subjects/subjects/Topics/topics。,变式中第80题是综合概括题。根据表格中右栏的前两句话会很容易想到使用purposes/aims/goals/objectives,但在仔细研究表格和通读全文后,则知道这里是在介绍Nadia目前的情况,原文中有相应的句子可以筛选到相同信息:Take,for example,Nadias s

50、ituation.据此,第80题应填写situation。,1(2013合肥模拟)阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填一个单词。Tomatoes are generally easy to grow.Experts suggest you start seeds indoors if the ground is still cold.For best results with the least risk,they say,plant when the soil is warm,soon after the frost-free date for you