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1、初三英语写作辅导,What does the word writing make you think of?,writing,A possible WRITING PROCESS,A.Pre-writingBrainstormingClusteringMaking ListsAsking Yourself Questions OutliningB.Planning Time Order Space OrderLogical OrderC.DraftingD.Revising&Editing,writing,在英语学习中，写是学生必须掌握的语言技能之一。写作体现了一个人的综合语言运用能力。要写好
2、一篇文章，不仅要有扎实的语言基础知识包括语法、词汇、习惯用语等，还需要掌握必备的写作技巧。写作能力的培养不是一蹴而就的，它需要进行知识的积累和技能的训练。,新的课程标准中关于五级水平（即初中毕业要求达到的水平）的要求是：A.能根据写作要求，收集、准备素材；B.能独立起草短文、短信等，并在教师的指导下进行修改；C.能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系（即文章中用于表示并列，转折，举例，因果，递进，让步，总结等逻辑关系的固定单词或词组）；D.能简单描述人物或事件；E.能根据所给的图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。,1.新课程标准中关于写的要求,上海市初中毕业生统一学业考试写作评分标准,（09年要
3、求）作文共18分，其中内容7分，语言8分，组织结构分3分。（08年评分标准）（一）内容：A 内容切题，意思连贯，表达清楚、完整。B 内容基本切题，意思大致连贯，表达基本清楚、但不够完整。C 内容不够切题，意思不够连贯，表达不够清 楚、离题目要求较远。D 文不对题，表达不清。,（二）语言：拼写：每错扣0.5分，同一错误不重复计数。语法：同。标点符号、大小写：每两处错误扣0.5分，但 标点符号和大小写的扣分总和均不得超过一分。语言分最多扣7分。（三）词数：词数不足30词者，得分最多不得超过6分；词数不足40词者，得分最多不得超过9分；词数不足50词者，得分最多不得超过13分；词数在50-59词之间
4、者，每少5个词扣0.5分；只写出个别单词、词不成句不给分。,（四）组织结构：内容充实、不写废话；上下文连贯；用语规范、表达准确、无或少见语法错误；词汇和句型句式运用恰当，多见好句型和习惯表追用语者，可给2分。一般情况下，内容和语言累积得分在13分以上者(含)，方可得到1-2分组织结构分。内容和语言在12分以下者，如文中有值得肯定的好的句型和表达，可酌情考虑给1分组织结构分。通篇句型、句式单一，词汇贫乏者，即使无语法错误，一般亦不予给组织结构分。,A possible WRITING PROCESS,A.Pre-writingBrainstormingClusteringMaking Lists
5、Asking Yourself Questions OutliningB.Planning Time Order Space OrderLogical OrderC.DraftingD.Revising&Editing,Things I hate to do,Things I hate to do,Most of the time I do things which I enjoy.However,there are still things that I hate to do.I hate going to the tutors because it is boring and tiring
6、.I always stay up late and I dont get enough sleep.So getting up early is also what I dont like.But the thing I hate most is telling lies.You will feel guilty after cheating others.You will never be trusted if you often tell lies,and not respected as well.I hate being dishonest,and I hope that every
7、one will be honest to others.,Keep them in mind:,Who WhereWhenWhyWhatHow,Ask yourself more questions:Who often gives you love/who do you often get love from?(parents,friends,strangers)When do they give love to you?(every day,in need,in trouble),(08年中考）“Love around me”Use the following points as a gu
8、ide.（短文须包含下列要点）Is there any love around you?(Give one or two examples.)How do you feel when you get love from him/her/them?What are you going to do to show your love?,Love around me,Love is everywhere in my life.My parents love me and my friends care about me.When I am in difficulty,they will pull m
9、e out.When I feel sad,they will cheer me up.I feel delighted and thankful when I get love from them.I also want to do something to show my love to others.When they have some problems,I will try my best to help them.I do believe if we all love each other,our world will become more and more beautiful.
10、,e.g.Write a passage about your friend.Para 1:Introduction Introduce your friend.How do you know him/her?What do you think of the friendship?Para 2:Physical description describe your friend physically:age,color of hair,eyes,face,body,clothes etc.Para 3:Description of personality(give one or two exam
11、ples)Para 4:Conclusion Conclude with your friends future plans.Give your feelings about your friends future.,Body,e.g.Write a passage about your future plans.Para 1:Introduction:present and goalWhat do you do now?Think about your future,what job do you want to have?Para 2:Activities to reach goalTel
12、l about how you will prepare for the job.What will you study or do?Para 3:Feelings about goalTell how you(or your family)will feel when you have the job.Tell how you will feel.Will you be rich?Happy?Famous?Para 4:Conclusion:How others feel about your goalTell how your family will feel about your fut
13、ure.,Body,e.g.Write a passage about a past trip.Para 1:Introduction Where did you go on your trip?When did you go?Why did you go there?How did you go?How long did the trip take?Para 2:Arrivaltell about your arrivalPara 3:ActivitiesWhat did you do after you arrived?Para 4:ReturnTell about your return
14、 homePara 5:ConclusionTell your feelings about the trip,body,Time order:First,First of all,Second,Third,Next,After that,ThenFinally,Space orderOn the right,On the left,In the center,In the middle,Next to the,Beside the,Opposite the _,Near the _,Under the _,Above the _,On one side of the _,On the oth
15、er side of the _,Transition signals,1、递进：besides,in addition,whats more2、转折和对比：but,however,on the other hand,3、总结：in short,in brief,for these reasons4、因果和结论：as a result,due to,because of,thus,therefore5、强调：really,indeed,surely6、其它插入语：worse still/whats worse,after all,if possible,培养英语思维-词的搭配,大雨 大桥大楼大
16、错大写大病大地震,heavy rain,long bridge,high rise/large building,big/terrible/serious mistake,capital letter,serious illness,major earthquake,句的表达,注意汉英差异：一、状语e.g.她一周有三个下午在一家百货公司做兼职。She works part time in a department store three afternoons a week.在我十岁那年我和家人经历了一次奇妙的旅行。I took a fantastic trip with my family w
17、hen I was ten years old.,二、谓语动词 汉语：无动词或多动词英语：单动词e.g.我妈妈很漂亮。My mother is pretty.我们又唱又跳。We sang and danced.我们邀请他们到上海来玩。We invited them to come to Shanghai for a visit.你上课常常缺席所以我想要提醒你。You are often absent from class so I want to remind you.,三、主语 e.g.活到老，学到老。One is never too old to learn.很难说谁对谁错。Its har
18、d to tell who is right and who is wrong.昨天找到了丢失的钢笔。The lost pen was found yesterday.上饭店吃饭很贵。Its expensive to eat out.乘飞机旅行更舒适、便捷。Travelling by plane is faster and more convenient.,四、定语汉：常常是前置定语英：前置和后置定语e.g.我们学校的所有学生 all the students in our school 左边数第五个男孩 the fifth boy from the left 英国人的日常生活 everyda
19、y lives of the British 在中国骑车的人数 the number of cyclists in China 几种气体的混合物 a mixture of several gases,介词短语作后置定语,三到六岁的孩子Children from 3 to 6 years of age隔壁的音像店the music store next door用英语写的信the letter(s)in English晚上最晚一班返回的公交车the last bus back in the evening城市生活的嘈杂、脏乱the noise and dirt of city life,玩/放松
20、的时间time to play/relax当一个音乐家的计划plans to be a musician出国学习的机会the chance to study abroad供人坐着休息的安静场所a quiet place for people to sit in/rest找到任何一个可以询问的人find anyone to ask,动词不定式作后置定语,城市用水water used by cities不乱扔垃圾的习惯the habit of not throwing away rubbish我曾经生活的村庄the village where I stayed/lived我昨晚吃的某样东西some
21、thing I ate last night到月球去的宇航员astronauts who traveled to the moon孩子们喜欢吃的食物food(which)children like,分词、定语从句等作后置定语,Writing tips:,时态一致 必须注意所用时态符合上下文。如果用过去时叙述一个故事，就要保证通篇都用过去时，不要在作文中间变成现在时。同样，如果是在谈论普遍问题、现状或日常习惯，就要用现在时，而不要用过去时。e.g.Yesterday I did my homework.It takes me three hours.His father thought he i
22、s good at math.She started her new job last week.She liked it.We didnt go to the party.We arent invited.,took,was,likes,werent,Writing tips:,2.主语一致 应该保持全文人称一致，这样读者才能跟随一个逻辑思维顺序。否则读者会感到困惑。e.g.Although you may fail the exam,he can still be useful to the country.It not only provides you with lots of kno
23、wledge but also develops his interests.,you,your,Writing tips:,3.主谓一致/人称一致 确保语法正确。e.g.Things I hate to do is doing homework.What I hate to do is Every people start to learn English.Every person starts to learn English.The activities can relax ourselves.The activities can help us relax ourselves./We
24、can relax ourselves by taking part in the activities.,Writing tips:,4.词序/语序 它能够帮助准确表达作者本意并并避免意义含糊不清。注意要让句子尽量保持英语的表达习惯。e.g.I already have had lunch.She with her mum traveled to Italy.I always be the winner of the piano contest.In China,he knew there were big floods.I just wonder what does my future l
25、ike and what should I do.,have already,She traveled to Italy with her mum.,am always,He knew there were big floods in China.,I just wonder what my father likes and what I should do.,Writing tips:,5.并列句 用并列句能使文章更生动流畅，它包含两个独立分句和一个连词，如：and,but,or,so等。e.g.They know what is better and they are always rig
26、ht.It was crowded.We were able to see him.It was crowded but we were able to see him.She is a top student.She is a talented musician.She is a top student and a talented musician.Though he doesnt have much money,but his heart is full of love.,两个分句不要重复同一个单词。每个分句都必须有一个动词；每两个分句组成的句子只能使用一个连词。,Writing tip
27、s:,6.复合句。它包含一个主句和一个从句，由when,after,if等连词或who,which等关系代词引导。e.g.She was very old.Shecouldntstandonthebuseasily.She was so old that she couldnt stand on the bus easily.The result was not the most important thing for me.The result would be known a whole month later.The result,which would be known a whole
28、 month later,was not the most important thing for me.,Writing tips:,7.避免词的重复。e.g.All in all,we had a wonderful trip.We travelled across Sydney,Canberra and Melbourne.We saw the beautiful coast of Queensland.We toured all of Perth.We had a great visit with Dan.Perhaps we will go again next winter.,Us
29、eful sentences:,Sayings and proverbs:On self-help:Pride goes before a fall 骄者必败.A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.自信是走向成功的第一步。Custom makes all things easy.有个好习惯，事事皆不难。Great hopes make great man.伟大的抱负造就伟大的人物。,Useful sentences:,Ho
30、nesty is the best policy.做人诚信为本。Hope for the best,but prepare for the worst.抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.世上无难事，只要肯登攀。If a thing is worth doing,its worth doing well.值得做的是就值得做好。Where there is life,there is hope.生活充满了希望。/留得青山在，不怕没柴烧,Useful sentences:,On health:A close mout
31、h catches no flies.病从口入。An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一苹果，不用请医生。Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise.早睡早起身体好。On motherhood:A mothers love never changes.母爱永恒。,Useful sentences:,On friendship:A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难，失朋友易。A friend is never known t
32、ill a man has need.需要之时方知友。On reading:A good book is the best of friends,the same today and forever.一本好书，相伴一生。By reading we enrich the mind,by conversation we polish it.读书使人充实，交谈使人精明。Choose an author as you choose a friend.择书如择友。,Useful sentences:,On entertainment:All work and no play makes Jack a d
33、ull boy.只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。On life:We know not what is good until we have lost it.好东西，失去了才明白。Variety is the spice of life.丰富多彩是生活的调味品。Life is just like a bowl of cherries.生活犹如一盘樱桃。Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.生活没有目标等于航行没有指南针。Pleasant hours fly past.快乐时光去如飞。,注意点：,一、仔细审题，明确要求。二
34、、主题明确，语言表达完整正确。三、重视字词运用和句子组织结构。四、避免无谓失分。（书写不规范，字迹潦草，忽视大小写等）,Rome wasnt built in a day!Practice makes perfect!,预祝同学们成功！Wish you good luck and success!,Useful sentence patterns:,在各种之中Among various kinds of,e.g.Among various kinds of sports,I like jogging in particular.就我的看法；我认为In my opinion,=To my min
35、d,.=As far as I am concerned,e.g.In my opinion,playing computer games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.根据我个人经验According to my personal experience,=Based on my personal experience,e.g.According to my personal experience,smile has done me a lot of good.,俗语说得好：。Well goes an old sa
36、ying,=As an old saying goes(runs,says),“e.g.As an old saying goes,“Where there is a will,there is a way.(A)用下列方法 in the following ways.(B)有三个主要理由。for three major reasons.e.g.I build my confidence in the following ways.People learn a foreign language for three major reasons.换言之in other words,e.g.In other words,I will try my best to live up to my goal.曾经最的最高级+现在完成时Mr.Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.,
