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1、These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e(McGraw-Hill,2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,1,第十三章,软件质量保证,Slide Set to accompanySoftware Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e by Roger S.PressmanSlides copyright 1996,2001,2005,2009 by Roger S
2、.PressmanFor non-profit educational use onlyMay be reproduced ONLY for student use at the university level when used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e.Any other reproduction or use is prohibited without the express written permission of the author.All copyright in
3、formation MUST appear if these slides are posted on a website for student use.,拎低贞犬记品良杆晒宝闯智漓哮环症植蹦畅棵洱寺拱瞪搽搪价歉体箔纵学软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证,SQA元素,标准评审与审核 测试相关错误/缺陷收集与分析变更管理培训 供应商管理安全管理 安全 风险管理,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering:A Practit
4、ioners Approach,7/e(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,2,猎焊吼菊舆迎内陡事有袍搪顷拭狈肯帝遭郁洞涟螺退桐齐蜜侠彭痒饰二妮软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证,SQA 组的角色I,对于项目，准备一个SQA 计划计划标识了 准备执行的评估 准备执行的审计与复审 应用于项目的标准 错误报告和跟踪的过程 由SQA组构造的文档给软件项目团队提供的反馈 参与项目软件过程描述的定义 SQA 组复审项目过程描述
5、是否与企业规定，内部软件标准，外部标准（如ISO-9001）一致,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,3,黄罪送鹃粪趁鼎犬弊戏舞隧唱腰贯鄙深纠买咯零连罕孰恍霖泛右瘫腺膳判软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量
6、保证软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证,SQA 组的角色II,评审软件工程活动，用于验证这些活动与定义的软件工程过程的兼容性 识别，记录和跟踪与该软件过程的偏差，并验证是否得到改正。审核制定的软件工作产品，以验证其是否符合定义的软件过程中的相应部分。确保软件工作及工作产品中出现的偏差已文档化，并且按照文档化的规程进行了处理记录所有不符合的部分，并报告给高层管理者,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Ap
7、proach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,4,奢炭思吮枫笑贾砌力隋故鼓诛杉搽楼而泌吕场押老马腑若吨添撼懒框逝磁软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证,SQA 目标,需求质量设计质量代码质量质量控制有效性.,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering:A Practiti
8、oners Approach,7/e(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,5,硅优躇陋粥狱辨原上什甚搅驶藩侄绞盯衡皂编困趣约多练拱迢瘟涝天温垫软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证,为什么SQA活动是值得的?,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach
9、,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,6,改正一个错误的相对成本,100,10,log,scale,1,Req.,Design,code,test,system,test,field,use,0.75,1.00,1.50,3.00,10.00,60.00-100.00,剿希么割慢沃唤聊囱输装坦忽幻扯乍镇掏铆范扒替冻铂蠢硕饲童陀献振潭软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_
10、cn_软件质量保证,基于统计的SQA,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,7,产品&过程,度量,.如何增进质量的一个理解,收集所有的缺陷信息 找到缺陷的原因 专向弥补缺陷的过程,测缮曲育绞套慢处寻硅赔垦丛旺举话送颂栖谋菱痈贪绥龄烷鳃
11、寺棘讥给慑软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证,Statistical SQA,Information about software errors and defects is collected and categorized.An attempt is made to trace each error and defect to its underlying cause(e.g.,non-conformance to specifications,design error,violation o
12、f standards,poor communication with the customer).Using the Pareto principle(80 percent of the defects can be traced to 20 percent of all possible causes),isolate the 20 percent(the vital few).Once the vital few causes have been identified,move to correct the problems that have caused the errors and
13、 defects.,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,8,对誉惠玫骚拣协喧隐妮已佩峡瞪纪中舶嘲横岭秆翟娠票济反例臆庄更忙园软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证,软件Six-Sigma,“six sigma”这个术语来源于6个标准方差每百万个操
14、作发生3.4个偏差它意味着非常高的质量标准。Six Sigma 方法学定义了3个主要步骤:定义度量分析改进控制,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,9,稠诬陛瞬佩懒傀锄吸代昏畅继东猛话赛令谗掂塔殊蒲埂哺敢怔依提阶弥栓软件工程-实践者
15、的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证,软件可靠性,一个简单的可靠性的度量是mean-time-between-failure(MTBF),此处MTBF=MTTF+MTTRMTTF（mean-time-to-failure）与MTTR（mean-time-to-repair）,软件可用性是指在某个时间点上程序能够按照需求执行的概率。可用性=MTTF/(MTTF+MTTR)x 100%,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Softw
16、are Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,10,凉腿藕语阉航雌碾赴狈洪高传磁钦帆蛔壕项码灸讼苏咕对揪盘修抱际断够软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证,软件安全性,Software safety is a software quality assurance activity
17、that focuses on the identification and assessment of potential hazards that may affect software negatively and cause an entire system to fail.If hazards can be identified early in the software process,software design features can be specified that will either eliminate or control potential hazards.,
18、These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,11,函耙荡捌坦殷充籽与弗阁秋乌恒蘑闰登寡其氟披群曲凭宠颇淮衬票我战逾软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质
19、量保证,软件安全性,软件安全是一种软件质量保证活动，它主要用来识别和评估可能对软件产生负面影响并促使整个系统失效的潜在灾难。如果能够在软件过程的早期阶段识别出这些灾难，就可以指定软件设计特性来消除或控制这些潜在的灾难。,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 199
20、6,2001,2005,12,伞吾锰庄裙姆壕鬼柄设路趋捡漳辙胺橱韶敷掩纹微孙垂整谬尸蛊李聚嫩耕软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证,ISO 9001:2000 标准,ISO 9001:2000是适用于软件工程的质量保证标准。ISO 9001:2000 描述的质量要求涉及：管理者责任、质量体系、合同评审、设计控制、文件和资料控制、产品标识和可追溯性、过程控制、检验和实验、纠正及预防措施、质量记录的控制、内部质量审核、培训、服务以及统计技术等主题。,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,13,购读宿劝储爪弥肝外窿叮弃朔访牡钞缝稳疏苹骄肄当燥闰宇抖系痰适路甚软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_13_cn_软件质量保证,
