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1、精英名师学堂教案 第 4 讲 教务主任签字： 科 目英语年 级高一教师姓名雷老师课 题高一动词篇Teaching content【Teaching Aims】掌握动词的基本用法【Teaching Key Points】动词的数、时态、语态等的分类【Teaching Difficult Points】重点掌握动词时态和语态【Teaching Procedures】动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词。按照其语法功能，动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词及情态动词四类。行为动词又叫实义动词，分为及物动词(后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词)，不及物动词(本身意义不完整，其后不能接宾语的动词)；系动词(不能独立
2、作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语)；助动词(本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语的词，这类词表示时态、语态、语气等特征，帮助构成否定、疑问等)；情态动词(本身有一定的意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，必须和实义动词一起构成句子的谓语，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气)。动词的种类类别功能及用法例子行为动词及物动词vt.本身含有实在意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。可以接宾语afford,buy,enjoy,keep不及物动词vi.不可以直接接宾语arrive,cry,die,fall连系动词本身有一定的词义，但词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。b
3、e,smell,look,taste助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、否定、疑问等。do,does,will,shall情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态，没有人称和数的变化。may, must,can, need1不及物动词要想接宾语，必须在不及物动词后加上适当的介词。如：The baby is smiling at us.婴儿正对着我们笑。He died of hunger.他死于饥饿。Please listen to the teacher carefully.请仔细听老师讲课。2双
4、宾语动词后面跟两个宾语，直接宾语为动词直接涉及的事物；间接宾语往往指涉及的人。间接宾语有时可放到后面去，由介词to或for引导，变成介词短语。(1)能接以to引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring，give，leave，lend，offer，pass，play，read，send，show，take，teach，tell，write等。如：Could you lend your dictionary to me？请你把你的字典借我用用好吗？She passed the salt to him.她把盐递给了他。(2)能接以for引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring，build，buy，co
5、ok，cut，fetch，find，get，keep，make，order，save，pick，play，sing，take，win，write等。如：Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母亲每天都为我们做早饭。Ill fetch a chair for you.我去给你拿一个凳子。()1.(2015遂宁)Can I _ a dictionary from you?Sorry, I dont have one.Aborrow Blend Clent()2.(2015遂宁)There _ a card on the teachers desk five
6、 minutes ago, but now it is gone.Ahave Bis Cwas ()3.(2014眉山)Who _ the tennis game yesterday?Jack，he _ all the others.Abeat；won Bwon；wonCbeat；beat Dwon；beat()4.(2014绵阳)May I have a look at your plan for the robot competition, Smith?Sorry, Mrs. Brown. Ive _ it at home.Amissed Bforgotten Cleft Dlost( )
7、5.(2015宜昌)Lets do something for our dad.Good idea. We should always _ fathers love for us.Aexplain Bsuppose Cwonder Dvalue常见连系动词的用法常用连系动词词义例句be是Im a girl with short hair.become成为，变得Mike becomes interested in Chinese.turn变得Mr.Whites face turned red.get变得The weather is getting bad.smell闻起来The flowers
8、smell nice.sound听起来The plan sounds good.taste尝起来The soup tastes delicious.stay保持The shop stays open till 8 pm.grow成长，变得Her hair is growing white.keep保持The girl keeps silent all the time.feel感到，摸起来The coat feels very soft.look看起来My mother looks very young.注意1.连系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语。2含连系动词(be
9、除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词do，does，did等。()6.(2014眉山)Shall we go for a walk? _great.AFeels BSounds CTurns DLooks()7.(2014乐山)I cant stand the smell of the stinking tofu.Would you like to have a try? It _ quite delicious!Alooks Bsounds Ctastes()8.(2013宜宾) What do you think of the zongzi? They _ delicious. Are
10、they made by your mother?Asound Btaste Cfeel Dlook()9.(2015重庆)Your mother _ younger than she is.Thank you for saying so.Alooks Blistens Csees Dhears()10.(2015滨州)Mom is making dinner. It _ so nice!Asmells Btastes Cfeels Dsounds情态动词的用法情态动词意义及用法例句may表示“请求许可”，意思是“可以，可能”，其一般疑问句的否定回答为mustnt。May I go out a
11、nd play football?No,you mustnt.表推测，意思是“可能”。Mr.Li may be at home.can(could)表示“能力”，意思是“能，会”，否定形式为cant,couldnt。Mike can speak a little Chinese.I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old.用在疑问句中，表示“征求意见”，could比can的语气更委婉、客气。Could you tell me something about your school?表推测，常用在否定句和疑问句中。He cant be at home
12、. He has gone to Japan.can用于一般现在时及一般过去时两种时态，be able to可以用于各种时态。He can spell these words.He has been able to draw pictures already.must表示义务、命令或要求，意思是“必须，应该”，否定形式为mustnt，意思是“不应该，不允许”，表示警告。You must be careful next time.You mustnt take photos here.表示推测，意为“必定”。He must be in the room.表示说话人的主观看法。I must go
13、home now.must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答时用must，have to；否定回答时用neednt或dont have to。Must I finish the homework today?No,you neednt/you dont have to.need表示“需要”，多用于否定句。He neednt worry about it.作实义动词，后接动词不定式。Im very tired and I need to have a rest.()11.(2015乐山)Mum, the train is leaving in eight minutes. I _ go now.Okay
14、, Jim, call me when you get there.Amay Bmust Ccan()12.(2015资阳)Must I sing the song in Russian?No, you _. Its up to you.Amustnt Bcant Cdont Dneednt ()13.(2013德阳)Will you please speak louder? I _ hardly hear what you are saying.Acan Bmust Cmay()14.(2013自贡)Look! The man at the gate _ be our teacher.He
15、is always standing there.No, it _ be him. He is having a meeting in the office now.Amust；cant Bmust；mustnt Ccant；cant()15.(2015北京)Jack，_ you ride a bike? Yes, I can.Acan Bmay Cneed Dmust短语动词类别实例汉义动词+副词add up 加起来break out 爆发carry on坚持下去；继续下去change into转换成；变成clean up清除；收拾干净clear up整理，收拾；(天气)放晴come bac
16、k回来；想起来come down落下来come in进入，进来cut down砍倒cut off切断cut up切碎eat up吃光，吃完fall behind落在后面；输给别人find out发现；查明get along取得进展get together聚会，联欢get up起床give away分发；赠送give back归还,送回give in屈服give out分发；用完，耗尽give up放弃go ahead继续go away走开，离去go on继续grow up长大成人，成长hand in上交；交纳hand out分发hold on坚持；(打电话)别挂断keep on继续(进行)le
17、t in让进来，放进look ahead向前看look up查找pay back偿还(借款等)pick up拾起，捡起；开车接；学会point out指出，标明put off推迟put on穿；戴上；上演put up举起；张贴start off出发stay up熬夜take off脱下；起飞turn down声音调小turn in上交turn off关闭wake up唤醒，醒来watch out当心work out计算出动词+介词agree with赞同，同意(某人的看法)arrive at/in到达ask for请求；询问base on以为依据belong to属于break into破门而
18、入call for需要；呼吁care for在乎，关心come from来自deal with处理；对付depend on/upon依靠；相信；依赖get over克服get to到达go by走过，经过go over仔细检查；复习knock at敲laugh at嘲笑learn from向学习look after照顾look at看，观看look for寻找look like看起来像pass by经过point to指向quarrel with (和某人)争吵stand for代表(某事物)；支持stick to坚持talk about谈论，议论think about考虑think of想起
19、，想出；认为wait for等待动词+副词+介词add up to加起来总计catch up with赶上come up with想出get along with相处go on with继续进行keep away from远离keep up with跟上；和保持联系look down on/upon看不起look forward to盼望look out of朝外看make up of由组成，构成run out of耗尽注意：对于“动词副词”类的短语，如果是名词作宾语，那么这个名词既可以放在短语之间也可以放在短语的后面，但是如果是代词作宾语，则代词一定要放在短语之间。如：He turned o
20、ff all the lights when he left.当他离开时，他关上了所有的灯。He picked it up and gave it to me.他捡起它，然后把它交给了我。()16.(2015内江) She realized she was wrong and _ the argument.Acheered up Bput upCtook up Dgave up()17.(2014德阳)When we got to the airport, the plane had _.Ataken away Btaken off Ctaken place()18.(2014资阳)She g
21、ets 400 dollars every month for _ the flowers in the school.Alooking for Blooking afterClooking at Dlooking out()19.(2013资阳)Attention, please. The plane has to be _ because of the heavy rain.Oh, bad luck! We have to wait now.Aput on Bput offCput up Dput away()20.(2015重庆)Its getting dark, would you p
22、lease _ the light?Aget on Bget offCturn on Dturn off动词的时态指的是谓语动词用来表示动作或情况发生时的各种动词形式。英语中一共有16种时态，但在初中阶段常考的时态有以下9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、过去将来时。考查重点集中在一般现在时在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的用法、终止性动词在现在完成时中不能与for，since短语或从句连用、have been to与have gone to的用法以及在具体语境中动词的用法等。动词的语态是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动
23、词形式。英语中的动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示的主语是动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是中考中的必考内容之一，其中考查的重点是一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态。动词的时态分类谓语形式用法一般现在时1.动词原形2.主语是单数第三人称，谓语加-s,-es1.表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态。2.描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。3.在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。一般过去时动词的过去式1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。2.表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。3.用于虚拟语气中，表示与现在事实相反的情况。一般将来时1.
24、will/shall+动词原形2.be going to+动词原形1.be going to和will表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。主语一般是人。2.be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定要发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。主语可以是人也可以是物。3.在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时来代替将来时。4.一些表示位移的动词，如go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move等，常用现在进行时表将来。现在进行时am/is/are+动词的现在分词1.表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作。2.与always, u
25、sually等词连用，表示赞扬、厌恶或不满的情绪。过去进行时was/were+动词的现在分词表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。现在完成时have/has+动词的过去分词1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。2.表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常与“for+时间段”或“since表示过去的时间点或时间段”连用。注意：1.现在完成时和一般过去时都可表示过去发生的动作，但现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果或表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，强调的是现在的情况；而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，不和现在发生关系。2.终止性动词在现在完成时中不能和表示
26、一段时间的时间状语连用，但在否定句中可以和一段时间连用。过去完成时had+动词的过去分词1.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作以前发生或完成的动作，它所表示的动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。2.表示从过去某一时间开始并持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。过去将来时1.would+动词原形2.was/were going to+动词原形，常用于宾语从句中表示在过去看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。1在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果主句谓语动词是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：Well have a picnic if it is fine next Sunday.如果下个星期日天气晴朗，我们将去野餐。I
27、ll call you as soon as I get to Beijing tomorrow.我明天一到北京就给你打电话。2某些表示起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作(此时一般都有一个表示将来时间的状语)。这类动词有：begin，come，go，leave，start，arrive，end，stop，open，close等。如：The meeting begins at 2：00 pm. tomorrow.这个会议明天下午2点开始。The next train leaves at 7 oclock this evening.下一列火车将在今
28、晚7点离开。3现在进行时与always，continually，forever等副词连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，这种用法往往表达说话人的某种感情，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。如：The rich woman is always laughing at the poor.这个有钱的妇女总是嘲笑穷人。4现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与for，since等引导的时间状语连用。如与一段时间连用，要把瞬间动词转化为意思相近的延续性动词。常见的变化有：非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe openclosebe closedbegin/startbe oncome
29、be heregobe therefinishbe overdiebe deadcatch a coldhave a coldput onwearget upbe upwake upawakefall asleepbe asleeplosenot havejoinbe inleavebe awayarrive/reachbe如：误：Ive left this school for ten years.正：Ive been away from this school for ten years.一般现在时与一般过去时()1.(2015雅安)The teacher told us that the
30、 sun _ in the east.Ahad risen Bhas risen Crose Drises()2.(2014遂宁)Do you know when he _？No, but I will call you when he _ here.Acomes；will come Bcomes；comes Cwill come；comes()3.(2014德阳)Ill tell him all about it when he _ next week.Acome back Bwill come back Ccomes back()4.(2014南充)How much is your coa
31、t?Oh, it _ me 100 yuan.Acost Bspent Cpaid Dtook()5.(2014宜宾)Come and join us, Betty!Im afraid I cant. Im too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go.Ahave Bhave hadCwill have Dhad现在进行时与过去进行时()6.(2015资阳)Bob took a photo of his girlfriend while she _ at the party.Adances Bwas dancingChas danced Dis
32、 dancing ()7.(2014德阳)While I _ down the street, the traffic accident happened.Awalked Bwas walking Cis walking()8.(2014绵阳)Hello, Betty! What are you doing now?I _ on the Great Wall of China. Ill send them to you later.Awill take pictures Bam taking picturesCwas taking pictures Dtake pictures()9.(201
33、4宜宾)Look! The police _ the food onto the bank of the river.Aam carrying Bis carryingCare carrying Dare carried()10.(2013德阳)Where is Jack? He asked me to go swimming this afternoon.Maybe he _ his homework in the classroom.Ais doing Bwas doing Cdoes一般将来时与过去将来时()11.(2015雅安)If Nick _ home too late, he _
34、 his favorite cartoon.Agets；misses Bgets；will missCwill get；misses Dwill get；will miss()12.(2014遂宁)Will you go to Peters party this Saturday evening? I havent decided yet. If you dont go, _.Aso will I Bneither do I Cneither will I()13.(2014南充)There _ a sports meeting in our school next week.Awill ha
35、ve Bis going to haveCare going to have Dis going to be ()14.(2014绵阳)Which singer do you think _ the Voice of China?Im not sure. There are still 3 rounds to come.Awon Bhas wonCwill win DWins()15.(2013自贡)Have you washed the dishes?Not yet. But I _ them in a minute.Awashed Bwill wash Cwash现在完成时与过去完成时()
36、16.(2015广安)_ you ever _ that new film?Yes, I _ it a week ago.AHave；seen；saw BHave；seen；seeCDo；see；see DHad；seen；saw()17.(2015雅安)The film has _ for an hour.Astarted BbegunCbeen on Dfinished()18.(2014绵阳)Is Richard still living here?No, he _ to Paris already.Ahad moved BmovedCwill move Dhas moved()19.(
37、2014眉山)When she got to the bus station, the bus _ the station for ten minutes.Ahas left Bhad left Chad been away from Dleft()20.(2013德阳)Where is your father?He _ Shanghai on business. He will be back in a week.Ahas gone to Bhas been to Cwent to被动语态的构成时态被动语态例句一般现在时am/is/are动词的过去分词The flowers are ofte
38、n watered by her.一般过去时was/were动词的过去分词The trees were planted last year. 一般将来时will/shallbe动词的过去分词Some trees will be planted this week by her.现在进行时am/is/arebeing动词的过去分词A bridge is being built.现在完成时have/has been动词的过去分词His rooms have been cleaned by him.过去进行时was/were being动词的过去分词His rooms were being clea
39、ned by him then.过去完成时had been动词的过去分词His rooms had been cleaned by him then.过去将来时would/should be动词的过去分词His rooms would be cleaned by him the next day.含情态动词情态动词be动词的过去分词Your homework must be finished in time.1open，lock，write，read，sell，clean，wash，cut，drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。如：This kind of p
40、en writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。The kind of shirts sells well here.这种样式的衬衫在这里卖得很好。2look，sound，taste，smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如：School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。The cake smells delicious.蛋糕闻起来很香。()21.(2015资阳)A new school _ last year in my hometown.Aset up Bsets upCis set up Dwas set up()22.(2
41、015雅安)Trees _ on both sides of the road next year.Awill plant Bwill be plantedCare going to plant Dare planted()23.(2014绵阳)A popular sport, Pingpong, _by many around China, for fun and exercise.Aare enjoyed Bwas enjoyedCwere enjoyed Dis enjoyed()24.(2013资阳)Dont worry. You _ plenty of time to work it out.Awill give Bhave givenCwill be given Dare giving()25.(2013自贡)Its difficult for village children to go across the river to school in Yunnan province.I think so. A bridge _ over the river.Awill build Bis built Cshould be built几种特殊的被动语态的用法种类构成例句主动语态中省去to的动词变为被动语态时，省去的to要加上。The workers were mad
