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1、液态铅酸电池充电站计划Planing of charging stationsfor liquid acid Pb-batteries林德厦门叉车有限公司Linde-Xiamen Fork Lift Truck Co., Ltd2002.11目录 Content1. 充电站的定义和说明 Definitions and descriptions of charging stations1.1 电池房 Battery-Rooms12 电池充电站 Battery charging stations2. 建筑结构 Building construction2.1 充电站内的车辆空间 Truck pla
2、ce in charging stations2.2 电池房的空间 Place in battery rooms2.3 地板条件 Floor condition3. 电气安装 Electrical installation3.1 视在功率 Apparent Power 3.2 取暧 Heating4. 充电机 Charger5. 通风 Ventilation5.1 总贝ij General5.2 根据 DIN VDE 0510 i十算 Calculation according DIN VDE 05105.3 必要的空闲房屋空间计算 Calculation of the necessary f
3、ree room space5.4 必要的空气流量计算 Calculation of the necessary volume of airflow5.5 通风结构 Construction of a ventilation6. 房屋和气候 Room temperature and climate7. 加水 Water topping8. 搬运电池 Battery changing arrangements8.1 起巫设备和货车 Crane Equipments and changing lorries9. 维护和维修地方 Maintenance and repair places10. 和规
4、定 Labels and regulations11. 急救措施First aid12. 重要的规范和规定 Important norms and regulations1.充电站的定义和说明Definitions and regulations of charging stations1.1电池房Battery-Rooms:电池房於一种专门给电池充电和储存电池的谢屋.也可以将充电机安装在电池沟内。A battery room is a special room for charging and storing batteries, in these rooms also the charge
5、rs could be in stalle d.12电池充电站Battery charging stations:电池充电站是一种专门房屋.在屋内，可以给裝在车辆匕的电池充电也可以给1.1所述的电池充电.A battery chargi ng stati on is a special room for chargi ng batteries which are in stalled in the trucks and also charg ing batteries according 11总之先要决定圧否应该建立电池功或充电站，大多数借况下两班或三班工作制运行应该有电池房，充电机前放有正
6、常充好电和正在充电的电池。在充电站里.正常情况下装在车辆中的电池和充电机相接，以上两种充电方式都可以 放在1间房中。General is to decide if a battery room or a battery charging station should be set up. Mostly a battery room is necessary at a two or three shift operation, normally recharged batteries and batteries under charge stand in front of one charger
7、. In battery charging stations normally trucks with installed batteries are connected to the chargers Also both different versions could be installed in one room.朿要的於房屋圧否肚一个冇人负责对电池管理、维护和充电的工作场所.这样必须冇专门规定，如：灯光、噪音、 温度、气体释放等等.出否还要有附加等候室.清洗室和休息室。Important is if the room is a working place where persons
8、are in charge to optain and maintain and change batter- ies. In this case special regulations for working places are necessary, for example questions about light, noise, temperature, gas-emission and so on, additional waiting rooms, wash rooms and rest rooms had to be installed.2.建筑结构Building constr
9、uctions2.1 充电站里的车辆空间Truck place in charging stations总则General充电站的平ifii空间取决于充电站规模和车辆种类.而冃根据VDI 2197, 2198和2199或国家特殊标准计算车辆进、 出和转弯的必备空间The necessary square meters of charging stations depends in the main part of the kind of charging station and the trucks, also the necessary space for drive in and out
10、and turn around with the trucks must be calculated according the regulation VDI 2197, 2198 and 2199 or special national norms.实际可以用15m2计算,重耍的足：车辆的种类和外形尺寸毎个车型的车辆数虽车辆总数虽 充电机的数試和种类车辆占据的而积（宽和深）车辆高In practice you can calculate with 15 m2 square meters, important are: kind and largeness of the trucks quan
11、tity of trucks of each truck type total quantity of trucks quantity and type of chargers the stand square meters of the truck （wide and deep） high of the truck车辆附加的占地面积，必须将车辆周闱空间0.6 m和充电机到电池间1m的距离计算在内.Additional to the stand square meters of the trucks a necessary space around the truck of 0,6 meter
12、s and a dis- tance charger to battery of 1 meter must be calculated.车辆到充电机和存储的货物之间最小距离：Minimum distances of trucks to chargers and stored goods充电机A充电机B chargercharger AB最少 0,6 meter最少1 meter最少 2,5 meter最少5 meter最少2 metera）车辆周围必备空间necessary space around the truckb）电池和充电机间必备距离necessary distance betwee
13、n battery and charger C）到易燃品的必备距离necessary distance to inflammable stored goods d）到易爆品的必备距离necessary distance to explosive material必备高度（取决于车辆） necessary high of the place （depends of the trucks）充电站的房屋布局Room arrangement at a charging station相对放置的车辆间必备距离应该是车辆转动空间的一半(Wa)0.6m(B = Wa + 0,6ni)necessary di
14、stance between the opposite placed truck should be the half of the turn around space (Wa) of the truck plus 0,6 meter (B = Wa + 0,6m)2.2 电池房的空间 Place in battery rooms电池充电房的必要面积取决于电池、充电机、起祇设备或运输充放电电池的车辆的种类、数戢和大小.In battery charging rooms the necessary square meters deperids of the quantity and the la
15、rgeness of the batteries and the chargers and of the kind of crane or the change-wagon to handle the recharged and the discharged batteries实际上，可以用7 m2计算In practice you can calculate with 7 m2毎个充电机前必须计算出必备空间，以放置两个电池加上电池Z间協少0.2m的通风空间。In front of each charger the necessary place must be calculated for
16、two batteries plus a distanee of minimum 0,2 meter between the batteries to have a good ventilation during charge放电池的托架必须以粧重的电池考虑计算，并R与地隔离。Battery banks must be calculated for the heaviest battery and must be isolated against the ground.充电机前而板到电池的啟短距离(a)为0.5m电池到遛度超过200 C的加热装置最短距离为2.5mcThe minimum di
17、stari8 (a) of the charger front panel to the battery is 0,5 meter and minimum 2,5 meter be tween battery and heating systems with a temperature more than 200 C2.3地板要求Floor conditions屋顶 抗酸腐辿抗硫酸 t H2SO4 (50%)地板匕应该盖有层助酸材料乐强 8 N/mm抗酸腐蚀抗硫酸 H2SO4 (50%)泄混电阻100 kohm墙泄漏电阻100 kohm(电池周围 1.5m )Pressure solidity
18、Acid solidity Divert resista neeIsolation resista nee100 kohmWallsDivert resista nee Isolation resistance100 kohm (only around the place of the batteries (1,5m)RoofsAcid solidityagainst H2SO4 (50%)地板必须有一个最小0.25亦坑.！、嗣鬧斜度为1%。The floor should be covered with an acid resista nt material: 8 N/mmagainst H
19、2SO4 (50%) 108 ohmThe floor must have a Gradient of 1% to a pit of minimum 0,25 m33.电气安装Electrical installation总则Gen eral按照DIN VDE 0100或&门国家标准或根据充电机供货商的说明进行电(安装，应具有市电电源断路器、为毎个充 电机安装带慢动作熔丝的电源断路器或电机电路H动空气开关.应该具有通风并规定：只有工作通风时才能充电。The electrical installation is to be done according DIN VDE 0100 or speci
20、al national norms with a main switch power breaker and each charger with a power breaker withslow acting fuses or automatic breakers for motor-rated circuits according the technical instructions of the supplier of the chargers With a ventilation it should be installed a regulation that only with a w
21、orking ventilation a charge is possible3.1 视在功率Apparent power视在功率计算必须包括卜列项冃:充电机加热系统通风照明For the calculati on of the appare nt power the following comp onents must be in eluded: chargers heating systems ven tilatio n illumination充电机1到n的视在功率计算：根据供货商的信息.功率P1.P2PnP (总功率)=(P1 + P2 + . Pn) x aa =因数，所有充电机都工
22、作(-般为0,8)Calculation of the apparent power of the chargers 1 to n:Power according the information of the supplier P1t P2PnP (total) = (P1 +P2 + . Pn) x aa = factor if all chargers are in function(typical 0.8)对于充电札 效率和功率因数cos phi同样重要.典型计算脣充电机技术/曲线效率cos phi50Hz-充电机 /Wa, WoWa75%0,750Hn充电机/lUla85%07HF充电
23、机/lUla90%0,95For the chargers also the efficiency eta and the power factor cos phi are importard typical calculationcharge technique / curveetacos phi50Hz-charger / Wa, WoWa75%0.750Hz-charger / lUla85%0.7HF-charger / lUla90%0,953.2 加热 Heating加热功率取决于房屋种类和大小，与充电机和电池的发热成反比。The heating power depends of
24、the kind and largeness of the room it will be decreased by the heating of the chargers and the batteries.充电能呈计算例如电池充电机总能虽：消耗的负载能戢损失能虽Calculation of the charge energy48 V 750 Ah, 放电等级80% 输出曲线WoWa,负载系数1.2 中负载电压2,4 V/Z效率80%64.8 kWh （所自充电机有功功,51.8 kWh13,0 kWh （可用于加热）Kii x Qe x LF x n x Um 匸一eta x 1000E视
25、在功率 appaient power kWhKii额定容磧 nonunal capacity All K5Qe放电等级 discliaige grade %LF充电系数charge factorn单体电池数虽numbei of cellsu中负载电压 middle load voltage V/Zeta允电机效率 efficiency of the chaigei1000kWh 转换 wh calculation of Wh m kWhExampleBattery Charger48 V 750 Ah,discharge grade 80%output curve WoWa, load fac
26、torl ,2 middle load voltage 2.4 V/Z efficiency 80%Total energy:8nsumed load energy Lost en ergy64.8 kWh (apparent power of all chargers)51.8 kWh13,0 kWh ( usable for heating )4.充电机Chargers为了选择正确的充电机，必须要知道电池空号、电池种类、额定电乐、额定容就和根据工种、单班、两班或三班决 定的充电时间.充电机根括外形大小既町以墙上安装也可以地面安装。为了良好通风充电机之间最小0.2m间跑很朿要。为便丁方便操作
27、，应该选择好安装充电机的高度。任何与水有关的安載必须在充电机卜面。To select the correct chargers it is necessary to know the battery type, the kind of battery, the nominal voltage, the nominal capacity and the charging time depending of the kind of working, single shift or two. three shift operation.The chargers are either wall mou
28、nted or floor mounted depending of the largeness of the chargersImportant is also a distance between the chargers of minimum 0.2 meter to get a good ventilation of the air.The mounting high should be selected that a good operation with the chargers is possible. Any installation of water must be belo
29、w the chargers.Example for wall mounted chargers5通风 Ventilation5.1总则 General因为电解液的水分离在电池胶内形成氢氧混合气体.这个过程是在接近电池充电结束时.即电池过充时发生的，超 过过充电乐就开始放气阶段要设计电池充电功和充电站有足够的门然通风.如果需契强迫通风.就应该在始开充电时接通通凤装置.进风尽可 能的接近地面.经过电池然后尽可能高的从对面排出.A battery cab form a gas mixture of hydrogen and oxygen due to the electrolytic decomp
30、osition of wa怕r. This gas develops particularly towards the end of battery chargi ng or if the battery is overcharged .It is at it greatest above the voltage at which gassing startsBattery charging rooms and battery charging stations shall where possible be designed so that the natural ventila- tion
31、 is sufficient. If artificial ventilation is necessary. it shall be ensured that the ventilation is switched on whilst charging is taken placeThe inlet air shall enter as close as possible to the ground, pass ever the batteries and escape as high as possible on the opposite side5.2根据DIN VDE 0510第三部分
32、计算Calculation according DIN VDE 0510 part 3电池充电房和充电站的通风，在充电时要考虑到至少有足够的空气流戢q,q由以下公式决定：The ventilation of battery rooms and charging stations is regarded as adequate if during charging at least the volume of airflow Q, determined according to the following equation, is guaranteedQ m /h = v x q x s x n
33、xl 这里where:Q空气流虽m3/his a volume of airflow in m3/hv稀释系数.氢/空气混合物在较低的爆炸限度时，空气和氢气体积之比(96%空气/4%氢气=24)is the dilution factor which is equal to the ratio of the amount by volume of air and hydrogen at the at the lower explosion limit of the hydro gen/air mixture (96% Luft/4%H2 =24)q氢气体积流虽.与一个单体电池ZF 0 C和10
34、13 Pa时电解液Ah毎A毎h的电流強度育关is the volumetric flow of hydroge n relative to the strength of the cur re nt which at 0 C and 1013 hPa develops in one cell per A and per h due to electrolysis Ah (0,42E-3 m Zh)S安全系数=5 (船舶核潜f=10)safety factor = 5 (ships and submarines = 10)n单体电池数虽is the number of cellsI产生氢气的电流
35、安培数is the current level in A which causes the development of hydrogen电流工的指导数Guide values for current ICharging characteristic curve 充电特性曲线current level 1 per 100 Ah nominal capacity 每100Ah额定容量电流IWa-特性 characteristic(4 A/100Ah)Wsa-待性 characteristic(6A/100Ah)WoWa-特性 characteristic(4 A/100Ah)IU-到2.4V/Z
36、的特性 lU-characteristic up to 2,4 V/Z(2 A/100Ah)IUI-特性 characteristic(5A/100Ah)IU到2.25V/Z的特性 lU-characteristic up to 2,25 V/Z1 AQ m /h = 0,05 x n x I A (v x q x s = 0,05 共计 together)5.3必备的空闲房屋空间计算”Calculation of the necessary free room space *:正常请况下，如果房屋足够大，不必对充电房和充电站加专门通风，公式如下：Normally at battery roo
37、ms and charging stations no special ventilation is necessary if the halls are large enough, the formula is:V = Q x 2,5 m宽 wide L:仲 deep B: m m高 high H: m体枳 volume V: .m (L x B x协不包含充电机体积、电池体积和其他Prut, without charger-volume, battery-volume and others例如：对具WoWa特性曲线的充电机：对干这种特性已经计篦出毎100Ah的电流为4A。Example f
38、or a charger with WoWa characteristic:At these characteristic the calculation is to be done with a current of 4A for each 100Ah battery capacity所充电池为：Batteries which will be recharged:10个带有48 V / 400 Ah的电池电池数量10额定电压48每个电池所倉单休电池24总单体电池数240额定容虽400放气电流(A/100Ah):4总放气电流(A/400Ah):1610 batteries with 48 V
39、/ 400 AhQuantity of batteries10Nominal voltage48Number of cells per battery24Total number of cells240Nominal capacity400Gassing current (A/100Ah):4Total gassing current (A/400Ah):16Q m /hQ=0,05 x n x I=0,05 x 240 x 16=192 m /h如果用2.5 x Q计算不需要专门的通风，空闲房屋空间要足够大。A free n et room space is eno ugh, to work
40、 without ventilation, if the calculati on is done with 2,5 x Q2.5 xQ = 2,5x192 = 480 m对于空闲房屋空间480 m3来说，550 m3充电房足够大.A chargi ng room with 550 m3 is large eno ugh if the free net space is 480m3.例如，房屋可以选用wxd xh: 10x10x5.5mHall for example w x d x h: 10 x 10 x 5,5 m对于一个充电房内所有电池都要进行这样的计算，即必须加入单个流呈：This
41、calculation has to be done for all batteries in a charging room, that means the single volumes of airflow had to be added.总的Q = Q1.Qn之和二VQ total = sum Q1.Qn = V5.5空气通风的构成Construction of a ventilation专用电池充电房和充电站。Special for battery rooms and charging stations6. 室温和气候Room temperature and climate（同样见 3
42、.2 说“取暧 ” see also chapter 3.2 heating）充电站应该具有TO C到+25 C的室温和F慄环境以保证充电机和电池与命。如果这些环境条件不能満足.就 要配备一些设备如：对充电机用空调，对电池用加热电缆.设备的供货商可以提供相关信息。A charging station should have a room temperature between +10 and +25 C and a dry environment to solve the lifetime of chargers and batteries Are these climate conditio
43、ns not to realise so the used equipment had to be fit out for example air condition for the chargers or heating tables for th batteries For this the supplier of th equipment can give informations.7. 加水Water toppi ng带液态电解液的电池.山于充电时会引起放气过程而失去水分.必须再加水.根据DIN 43530或国标必须加蒸懾 水，一般的水会破坏电池。由充电极控制的不需维护的门动加水系统对
44、电池加水有益.在充电结束前的适当时间进行短时加水电池必须有专 门的添满自关闭装置门动加水系统的压力应该肚：最小0.2 bar 大lbar、2到10米，询问电池供货商有关加水系统的正确计划。Batteries with liquid electrolyte lost water cause of the gassing during charge, this must be refilled. Therefor it must be used distilled water according DIN 43530 or national norms, normal water destroyed
45、 the battery.Automatically water topping systems without any maintain hold good cause 8ntrolled by the charger the refilling of water takes place at the correct time shortly before the charge will be finished. Batteries must have special self- closing cramsThe pressure of the automatically water top
46、ping system should have minimum 0,2 and maximum 1 bar, especially 2 to 10 meter. Ask a battery supplier for the correct planning of a water topping system& 搬运电池Battery changing arrangements8.1 起重设备，运输车辆Crane Equipments, changing lorries根据电池取戢、数戢和大小决定起币;设备，运输车辆.相关计划询问专门供货商.Also for the planning of a crane equipment or changing lorries a special supplier had to be asked, this equipment depends of the quantity of batter
