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1、English Grammar,Chapter Twoword-formation,word-formationword-building,main methods minor methods,转化法 conversion合成法 compounding/composition派生法 derivation/affixation 词缀法,截短法 clipping/shortening拼缀法 blending缩略词 abbreviation首字母缩略词 acronym反转构词法 back-formation,(1)v.n.try,look,say(2)n.v.book,chair,bridge(3)
2、adj.v.slow,calm,better(4)ad.v.further,forward(5)adj.n.bitter,final,daily(6)others n.ups and downs,a he or a she?a must;,compound noun compound adjectivecompound pronouncompound verbcompound adverb,词根 root/base;前缀 prefix words meaning 后缀 suffix word classsome prefixes word class,1 common prefix2 comm
3、on noun suffix3 common adj.suffix4 common verb suffix5 common adv.suffix6 common num.suffix7 common num.prefix,1 截头 telephone phone;aeroplane plane;2 去尾 exam;lab;ad;dorm;pop;photo;kilo;gym3 即截头又去尾 refrigerator fridge;influenza flu,4 几个词 一个词 nylon-stockings nylons;popular song singer pop-singer three
4、-dimensional film Three-D,smog,smoke+fog,brunch,breakfast+lunch,motel,motor+hotel,botel,boat+hotel,Oxbridge,Oxford+Cambridge,1 首+尾,interpol,international+police,sci-fi,science+fiction,moped,motor+pedal,sitcom,situation+comedy,comsat,communication+satellite,2 首+首,airtel,air+hotel,carbecue,car+barbecu
5、e,autopia,auto+utopia,workfare,work+welfare,lunarnaut,lunar+astronaut,3 全+尾,slimnastics,slim+gymnastics,medicare,medical+care,medichair,medical+chair,helipad,helicopter+pad,televiewer,television+viewer,telediagnosis,television+diagnosis,4 首+全,Mr.Mrs.Ms.Dr.Prof.Apt.Rd.St.Ave.No.a.m.p.m.AD/A.D.BC/B.C.
6、kg.km.dl.m.dm.cm.mm.TV/T.V.FL.PA.S.N.E.W.,anti-反；抗；防 anti-imperialist;antibody;arch-主要的 arch-enemy;archbishop;arch-criminal;auto-自（动）的 automobile;autobiography;,bi-双 bicycle;bilingual;by-在旁；副；次要的 bystander;by-product;by-election;by-effect;co-共同 co-existence;co-operation;co-worker;,counter-反 counter-
7、clockwise;counter-revolutionary;de-除去；否定 demilitarize;decentralization;dis-不；否定（做相反动作）disorder;disarmament;,en-;em-使成为 enable;enlarge;enslave;encourage;embed;ex-前,向外 ex-president;ex-wife;export;extra-外 extraordinary;extra-curricular;extra-official;,for-;fore-先；前；预 forward;foresee;forearm;foretaste;f
8、oreman;for-禁；弃 forbid;forget;forgohydro-水 hydro-electric;hydroplane;,in-;im-;il-;ir-不；非 informal;impossible;immoral;irregular;illegal;inter-间；相互 interview;international;mal-恶 maltreat;malnutrition;malpractice;,micro-百万分之一；微；放大；microsecond;microfilm;microphone;mid-中 midday;midnight;mid-autumn;mid-ter
9、m;mis-误 mislead;misunderstand;,mono-单一 monotonous;monolingual;monosyllabic;monologue;multi-多 multi-national;multi-purpose;multi-colored;multilateral;neo-新 neoclassical;neo-colony;,non-不；非 nonexistent;nonsense;non-stop;non-smoker;post-后于 post-war;postgraduate;pre-先于 prepay;pre-war;pre-revolution;,pro
10、-赞成；亲善；代替 pronoun;pro-American;pro-consul;pseudo-伪 pseudo-science;pseudonym;re-重；再；复 reunite;review;reread;retell;,semi-半 semi-weekly;semi-final;semiconductor;semi-colonial;sub-下；次 substructure;subway;subdivide;subheading;super-上；超 supermarket;super-profit;superpower;superstructure;,syn-;sym-;syl-同
11、synonym;sympathy;tele-远 telegram/telegraph;telephone;telescope;television;trans-横过；转移 transport;transplant;transformation;transoceanic;,tri-三 triangle;trichord;tricar;ultra-之外；极；超 ultra-violet;ultra-leftist;ultramicroscope;un-不 unjust;unable;untrue;unfair;,uni-一；单 uniform;unilateral;unisex;unique;un
12、icycle;vice-副 vice-governor;vice-dean;vice-president;over-过于；上 overdo;over-estimate;,under-不够；下 underfeed;under-estimate;underground;self-自动（我）self-starter;self-service;self-correcting;mini-特小的 minibus;miniskirt;minicab;,hyper-超；过分 hyperactive;hypertension;hypersensitive;poly-多 polytechnic;polysemy;
13、polygamy;polychrome;,age 状态；集合 marriage;shortage;teenage;al 动作；性质；状态 signal;arrival;withdrawal;revival;approval;refusal;an 人；语 American;Russian;Italian;,ance 性质；状态；动作 acceptance;importance;appearance;ant,ent 人 merchant;assistant;defendant;student;ate 职务；动作涉及对象；盐酸 doctorate;consulate;electorate;sulph
14、ate;,ation/ition 动作 repetition preparation;competition;cide 杀 insecticide;suicidecracy 统治 bureaucracy;democracy;aristocracy;,craft 技巧；工艺；飞行器 handicraft;aircraft;dom 状态；领域 kingdom;freedom;wisdom;ee（被动）人 employee;absentee;trainee;,eer 人 engineer;volunteer;ence/ency（抽象n.）currency;dependence;excellence;
15、frequency;er 人；动作者 thinker;writer;washer;harvester;,ese 人；语 Chinese;Japanese;Hunanese;Viennese;Vietnameseess 女性 actress;princess;goddess;shepherdess;tailoressette 小；假/人造；女性；组/组合 cigarette;kitchenette;dinette;usherette,ful 量 spoonful;handful;armful;mouthful;graph 书写；录 telegraph;photograph;hood 身份；境遇；
16、状态 childhood;livelihood;likelihood;neighborhood;,ian 人 Christian;guardian;musician;technician;ice 抽象n.justice;service;ing 物体；概念 building;feeling;painting;wedding;,ion 抽象n.expansion;discussion;decision;ism 主义；教 feudalism;Buddhism;imperialism;ist 主义者；人 artist;socialist;communist;,ity 抽象n.possibility;c
17、apability;let 小 booklet;streamlet;leaflet;bracelet;ling 小（有时有轻蔑之义）duckling;sapling;,logy 学科 psychology;geology;philology;biology;man 人postman;countryman;Frenchman;ment 运动；结果 judgment;government;movement;payment;,ness 状态；性质 tiredness;correctness;or 人；动作者 tractor;accelerator;editor;ry/ery 行为性质工作（地点）货物
18、种类；境遇 bravery;cookery;nursery;drapery;slavery;ministry;peasantry;,ship 状态；身份 sportsmanship;hardship;apprenticeship;leadership;sion 动作；状态 tension;revision;th 结果；过程 truth;depth;wealth;health;,tion 动作；状态 attention;action;ty 抽象n.certainty;cruelty;specialty;loyalty;ure 结果；动作 procedure;departure;y抽象n.diff
19、iculty;discovery;modesty;inquiry;,WTO world trade organizationUNESCO United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization,OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesAPEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Group,VIP very important personSAR special administration regionIQ intelligenc
20、e quotient,AI Artificial IntelligenceSARS Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeUFO Unidentified Flying Object,editor edit;mass-production mass-produce;typewriter typewrite;dry-cleaning dry-clean;sightseeing sightsee;,able/ible 能够 tolerable;sensible;al 的 cultural;additional;national;an（语、地、人）的 Russian;As
21、ian;African;,ant/ent 的 arrogant;excellent;diligentary 的 secondary;honorary;imaginary;revolutionaryate 的 fortunate;passionate;affectionate;collegiate,ed 有；像 many-sided;talented;skilled;en 的 golden;woolen;wooden;ern 方向 northern;southern;,ese（地、人）的 Vietnamese;Viennese;fold 倍 twofold;manifoldful 的 usefu
22、l;helpful;hopeful;beautiful;,ial 的 editorial;racial;material;ian（人）的 Canadian;Christianic/ical 的（有些意义不同）electric/electrical;historic/historical;typical;poetic/poetical;grammatical;,ish 属于；稍微 British;bookish;childish;selfish;yellowish;ist/istic（主义）的；artistic;idealistic;materialistic;ive 性；倾向 active;a
23、ttractive;impressive;,less 无 fearless;meaningless;like 如 homelike childlike;father-like;ly 品质；的 weekly;daily;friendly;comradely;lovely;,most 最 foremost;topmost;utmost;ous 多 nervous;glorious;superstitious;some 引起；适于；易于 troublesome;tiresome;,ward 向 backward;inward;outward;y 充满；性质 rainy;handy;mighty;ic
24、y;,ate isolate;consolidate;facilitate;formulate;en deepen;shorten strengthen;,ify purify;classify;simplify;intensify;ize/ise realize;modernize;industrialize;mechanize,ly quickly;swiftly;highlyward(s)forward;upwards;wise clockwise likewise;otherwise;,teen 13-19ty 20,30,40,90th 4th,5th,6th,1 en-+n./ad
25、j.v.endanger;enslave;enlarge2 be-+n./adj.v.belittle;befriend;behead,3 a-+n.adj./ad.asleep;aboard;aside;ashore;away;awake;ablaze4 out-+vi.vt.outrun;outlive;outshine;outvote,5 out-+vi.n.outcome;outlet;outlaw;outlook;,1 mono-uni-一；单 monologue,monoxide,uniform;unilateral;unisex;unique;unicycle2 di-/bi-d
26、ialogue,dioxide,bicycle,bilingual,3 tri-triangle;trichord;tricar;trisect4 rect-直，正 rectangle,rectum,rectilineal5 pent(a)-pentagon,pentagram,pentameter,6 hex(a)-sex-hexagon,sexangle,sexennial7 hepta-/sept-heptagon,heptameter,septilateral septwolf8 oct-octa-octo-octagon,octameter,9 nona-ennea-nonagon,enneagon,ennead10 deci-/deca-decagon,decaliter,decimal,decagram,11 centi-centimeter,century,centipede12 milli-millimeter,millennium,millipede 13 kilo-kilowatt,kilobyte,kilometer,kilogram,
