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1、1,物流/供应链产品The Logistics/Supply Chain Product,物流/供应链管理者不是活动的管理者，是对从原材料的产地到最终消费者的产品流动过程的主人。“Logistics/Supply Chain managers are owners of the product-flow process from raw material sources to final consumers,not activity administrators.”,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,Chapter 3,2,产品计划三角形Product in the Pla
2、nning Triangle,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,3,产品的性质Nature of the Product,产品的分类Product classification-便利品Convenience goods-选购品 Shopping goods-特殊商品Specialty goods-工业品 Industrial goods,4,产品生命周期曲线Product Life-Cycle Curve,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,5,14 个产品的ABC分类ABC Classification for 14 Products,CR(2004)P
3、rentice Hall,Inc.,3-5,Cumulative 80-20 Curve,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,3-6,8,9,产品的性质Nature of the Product(Contd),Example假设库存中有10种产品，15%的产品数量贡献了80%的销售额，这10种产品每年的销售额是90000美元，A类产品的周转率为8，B为5，C为2，那么，该仓库的库存投资是多少？Suppose that in an inventory of 10 items,15%of the items account for 80%of the sales volume.T
4、he total sales of all 10 items is$90,000 per year.How much inventory can be expected if turnover for A items=8,B items=5,and C items=2?,10,Example,First,find,A,.,Then,using,A,=0.0462 and the first item(1/10),we project the sales,volume to be:,The inventory for this item is expected to be 0.716(90,00
5、0)/8=$8,055.,Continue for the remaining items and generate the following table.,产品的性质Nature of the Product(Contd),Turnover,Total sales,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,Example(Contd),CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,3-8,12,产品性质Nature of the Product(Contd),CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,13,产品密度对物流成本的一般影响Effect of We
6、ight-Bulk Ratio on Logistics Costs,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,14,产品价值密度对物流成本的一般影响Effect of Value-Weight Ratio on Logistics Costs,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,15,运输服务和库存水平对物流成本的影响Effect of Transport Service and Inventory Level on Logistics Costs,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,16,产品风险对物流成本的一般影响Effect of Pro
7、duct Risk on Logistics Costs,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,17,产品包装的原因Reasons for Product Packaging,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,便于存储和搬运Facilitate storage and handling更好的利用运输设备Promote better utilization of transport equipment保护产品Provide product protection产品促销Promote the sale of the product改变产品密度Change the
8、 product density方便产品的使用Facilitate product use为客户提供再利用的价值Provide reuse value for the customer,18,产品定价Product Pricing,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,地域性定价方法Geographic pricing methods-FOB定价法 F.o.b.pricing-分区定价法 Zone pricing-单一或统一定价法Single,or uniform,pricing-运费均等法Freight equalization-基点定价法Basing point prici
9、ng鼓励性定价Incentive pricing-数量折扣Quantity discounts-协议价（Deal）,19,运费预付指当货物提交给承运人时支付适当的运费，而运费到付指交货时支付运费。,20,装运港FOB定价，运费到付：卖方支付运费，并拥有运输途中货物所有权。这是最常见的装运港FOB定价条款。装运港FOB定价，运费预付：卖方支付运费，但是卖方拥有运输途中货物的所有权。装运港FOB定价，运费预付和扣回：卖方预先支付运费，但是要求卖方偿还。买方拥有运输途中货物所有权。,21,目的港FOB定价，运费预付：卖方支付运费并拥有运输途中货物所有权。这是通常所指的目的港FOB定价目的港FOB定价
10、，运费到付：当货物到达时，买方支付运费，买方拥有运输途中货物所有权。目的港FOB定价，运费预付和扣回：卖方拥有运输途中货物所有权，预付运费，并要求买方偿还运费。,22,1.Terms of Sale:F.O.B.Origin,Freight Collect,Buyer,-Pays Freight Charges,Buyer,-Bears Freight Charges,Buyer,-Owns Goods in Transit,Buyer,-Files Claims(If Any),2.Terms of Sale:F.O.B.Origin,Freight Prepaid,Seller,-Pays
11、 Freight Charges,Seller,-Bears Freight Charges,Buyer,-Owns Goods in Transit,Buyer,-Files Claims(If Any),3.Terms of Sale:F.O.B.Origin,Freight Prepaid and Charged Back,Seller,-Pays Freight Charges,Buyer,-Bears Freight Charges,Buyer,-Owns Goods in Transit,Buyer,-Files Claims(If Any),then Collected from
12、 Buyer,by Adding Amount to Invoice,4.Terms of Sale:F.O.B.Destination,Freight Collect,Buyer,-Pays Freight Charges,Buyer,-Bears Freight Charges,Seller,-Owns Goods in Transit,Seller,-Files Claims(If Any),5.Terms of Sale:F.O.B.Origin,Freight Prepaid(Delivered),Seller,-Pays Freight Charges,Seller-,Bears
13、Freight Charges,Seller,-Owns Goods in Transit,Seller,-Files Claims(If Any),6.Terms of Sale:F.O.B.Destination,Freight Collect and Allowed,Buyer,-Pays Freight Charges,Buyer,-Bears Freight Charges,Seller,-Owns Goods in Transit,Seller,-Files Claims(If Any),then Charged to Seller by,Deducting Amount from
14、 Invoice,Freight Charges,Paid by Buyer,Freight Charges,Paid by Seller,Freight Charges,Paid by Buyer,Freight Charges,Paid by Seller,Freight Charges,Paid by Buyer.,Title,Passes to,Buyer,Title,Passes to,Buyer,Title,Passes to,Buyer,Title,Passes to,Buyer,Title,Passes to,Buyer,Title,Passes to,Buyer,SELLER
15、,SELLER,SELLER,SELLER,SELLER,SELLER,BUYER,BUYER,BUYER,BUYER,BUYER,BUYER,Freight Charges,Paid by Seller.,A Variety of Pricing Arrangements,Zone 8$147.38,Zone 7$144.81,Zone 6$142.43,Zone 5$140.00,Zone 4$138.33,Zone 3$137.38,Zone 2$136.31,Boston,UPS Pricing Zones,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,3-18,24,鼓励性定价Incentive pricing-数量折扣Quantity discounts-协议价（Deal）,25,Per-Case Logistics Costs as a Justification for Price Discounts,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,
