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1、小学英语词汇教学建议,鲁子问华中师范大学 教授 国家英语课程标准专家组成员,词汇：学什么？,词汇学习的内容语义书面语、口语形式语法行为(grammatical behavior)搭配(collocations)语域(register)关联属性(association)词频(frequency),词形 book,books,booking,booked 读音/bk/bks/bki/bkt/词性 1.名词；2.动词语义：book=“书”吗？搭配：cook the book,closed book连用：book语法行为：book语域：名词所有语域，动词较正式语域词频：名词为口笔前1000词，动词为口
2、语前2000词语用：名词可在正式与非正式场合使用 动词用于正式语篇使用多于非正式语篇,确定词汇教学内容-book为例,A Word:BookFrom Collins,1 N-COUNT A book is a number of pieces of paper,usually with words printed on them,which are fastened together and fixed inside a cover of stronger paper or cardboard.Books contain information,stories,or poetry,for ex
3、ample.His eighth book came out earlier this year and was an instant best-seller.the author of a book on politics.reference books.2 N-COUNT usu N of n A book of something such as stamps,matches,or tickets is a small number of them fastened together between thin cardboard covers.Can I have a book of f
4、irst class stamps please?,3 VERB V n,V n n,V-ed When you book something such as a hotel room or a ticket,you arrange to have it or use it at a particular time.British officials have booked hotel rooms for the women and children.Laurie revealed she had booked herself a flight home last night.three-st
5、ar restaurants that are normally booked for months in advance.4 N-PLURAL A companys or organizations books are its records of money that has been spent and earned or of the names of people who belong to it.(BUSINESS)For the most part he left the books to his managers and accountants.Around 12 per ce
6、nt of the people on our books are in the computing industry.5 VERB V n When a referee books a football player who has seriously broken the rules of the game,he or she officially writes down the players name.League referee Keith Cooper booked him in the first half for a tussle with the goalie.,6 VERB
7、 V n When a police officer books someone,he or she officially records their name and the offence that they may be charged with.They took him to the station and booked him for assault with a deadly weapon.7 N-COUNT In a very long written work such as the Bible,a book is one of the sections into which
8、 it is divided.8 see also booking,cheque book,phone book9 PHRASE V inflects If you bring someone to book,you punish them for an offence or make them explain their behaviour officially.Police should be asked to investigate so that the guilty can be brought to book soon.,10 PHRASE v-link PHR If you sa
9、y that someone or something is a closed book,you mean that you do not know anything about them.Frank Spriggs was a very able man but something of a closed book.Economics was a closed book to him.11 PHRASE v-link PHR If a hotel,restaurant,theatre,or transport service is fully booked,or booked solid,i
10、t is booked up.The car ferries from the mainland are often fully booked by February.12 PHRASE PHR with cl In my book means in my opinion or according to my beliefs.The greatest manager there has ever been,or ever will be in my book,is retiring.13 to cook the books If you say that someone has cooked
11、the books,you mean that they have changed figures or a written record in order to deceive people.(INFORMAL),小学目标：第一：教材语境的基本语义 第二：教材语境的基本语法行为 第三：读音 第四：教材语境的基本词形,词汇：教什么？,反思？反问？,我们自己作为英语学习者，我们学单词学了什么？我们是否记得住我们学过的每一个单词？背单词到底应该背什么？记单词到底应该记什么？考单词到底应该考什么？单选是什么运用形态？小学应不应该用单选形式？,通过教材语境，掌握词汇用法，能运用所学词汇在类似教材语境理
12、解与表达,小学词汇教学重点,词汇运用能力词汇搭配词汇读音，尤其是对于母语不是拼音文字的汉族等学生词形，小学阶段存在认知困难,小学词汇教学难点,小学英语词汇有效教学方法,1.确定词汇教学的目标,确定目标：识别词汇、运用词汇、学习词汇 小学词汇学习目标：学习700词（老师教过700词）识别500词（能阅读理解500词）听懂400词（能听力理解400词 写出200词（能拼写运用200词）,2.用多种方式真实呈现词汇,在语境中完整呈现词形、读音、语义、语法行为、语用等同一语境用不同语音、语调反复呈现同一语境用不同情感、动作反复呈现在近似语境中反复呈现读音和词形在最近发展区之内，扩展呈现在生活相关话题，
13、扩展呈现,A lesson.,3.基于运用的词汇讲解,读音：听，体验，跟读，朗读，说词形：尽可能整体获得，必要时可按音节分解搭配、连用：教材语境的基本用法语法行为：教材语境的基本用法语用：反复呈现课文近似语境,4.用简单语句强化新学词汇,形成对新学词汇的强刺激，有助于记忆新学词汇强刺激可以是强烈的语境，如teacher都可以通过强语境形成强刺激但语句结构一定要简单，才能不影响强刺激的记忆效果若语句结构过于复杂，则会导致对结构的记忆,Im a teacher.,Im a teacher.,Im a teacher.,5.基于课文或故事进行词汇运用训练,基于已掌握简单结构训练新词汇基于语境训练与运
14、用基于话题训练与运用所有训练与运用都应有语篇意识，一切在语篇基础上学习和训练词不离句，句不离篇比如一节课的所有词汇例句都在一个故事背景下展开,Im 2 years old.,6.基于词汇图训练词义理解,7.运用韵句歌谣歌曲强化词汇记忆,时间是小学英语教学的天敌，有限的每周2课时80分钟根本无法抵抗每周10000分钟的非英语教学时间强化记忆的有效途径是用具有长时记忆优势的韵句、歌谣、歌曲选择学生真正喜欢、乐于记忆、不宜忘记的内容和曲调不要总是“两只老虎”，多了就不记得了是老虎还是老鼠了不要用无语境的韵句，如Red,red,its red之类的。,体验语篇中的词汇读音体验语境中的词汇节奏、读音、重
15、音等，培养语感训练语篇、语境中的节奏、读音、重音等，培养语感,8.结合技能教学开展词汇教学：听,语篇中接触词汇词形、语法行为、搭配连用等语篇中理解词汇的语义语境中建立话题词汇图语境中综合掌握词汇,8.结合技能教学开展词汇教学：读,案例：读故事中学习shoots,A panda bear walks into a restaurant.He orders the special and eats it.After eating,he pulls out a pistol,kills the waiter and starts to walk out the door.The owner gets
16、 out a dictionary and looks under the heading“panda.It reads:panda：black and white animal;eats shoots and leaves.,从词汇开始说语句有意义地说词汇语句从词汇到语句用图片引导说用语境引导说,8.结合技能教学开展词汇教学：说,语句层面的词汇抄写（单独抄写一个词，只能训练词形记忆，对于词汇学习的作用不大）不单独进行无语句的单词拼写训练语篇中词汇的运用语境中词汇的运用主动的说能较好地迁移为有效的写,8.结合技能教学开展词汇教学：写,9.复现强化词汇学习,注意提高词汇复现率读音、词形、用法全部
17、要复现语境复现，同时近似语境迁移让学生不断检查前面巩固过的内容是否掌握，让学生形成自我巩固的良好习惯,按教材内容顺序进行基础性巩固，每一节课解决一个关键的基础问题，形成全体学生全部达到的基础基础性的词汇必须全部掌握经常回顾前面巩固过的内容,注意强化基础,小 结,词汇重点不是词形和读音，而是其语法行为、搭配与连用合理把握小学生词汇学习目标选择真实语境方式交替呈现进行训练用简单结构呈现和训练新词汇一切词汇教学应基于真实语境、为真实语用目的而进行韵句歌谣歌曲是强化记忆的有效途径复现是强化词汇学习的有效方法,另一个概念：语词,词汇是一个基本概念，在教学中，我们还应该把握一个更具有教学意义的概念：语词(lexis)，建议大家在以后学习中关注这一更具有教学意义的理念。语词是由一个或多个词汇组成的独立成分，其特性为：语义不是词形决定的，而是语境决定。具有某一或某些结构目的。具有社会语义。,欢迎联系,博客 电子信箱,
