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1、Grammar,主+谓+宾主+系+表,定语,状语,补语,一、句子成分1、主语（名词，代词，数词，不定式）主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物 e.g.He likes watch TV.,2、谓语（动词，动词短语）谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。e.g.She runs fast.,3、表语（名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语）表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。e.g.I am a teacher.,4、宾语（名词，代词，数词，动词不定式）宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后。e.g.We are playing basketball.,5、定语
2、（形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语）在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。e.g.I like those big apples.,6、状语 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。1).How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）2).Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）3).I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）,7、补语（形容词，副词，名词，不定
3、式，ing形式，数词）用来补充说明宾语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，即宾语补语。e.g.We will make our country more beautiful.,二、句子结构 可分为三种：1、简单句 2、并列句 3、复合句,1、简单句：只有一个主语和一个谓语。简单句的五种基本句型：1）主语+谓语（+状语）e.g.The children are singing（in the classroom）.2）主语+谓语+宾语 e.g.He is doing his homework.,3）主语+系动词+表语 常见的系动词有：be(是)；get(变得),become(成为),turn(变得),lo
4、ok(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎)等。e.g.He became a famous doctor.e.g.The applepie tastes really delicious.,4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。e.g.My aunt bought me a computer.=My aunt bought a computer for me.e.g.I passed him the salt.=I passed
5、the salt to him.5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 e.g.We must keep our school clean.,Our teacher explains some words to me.=Our teacher explains to me some words.,2、并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号、逗号把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。1）表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,not onlybut also,neithernor,then等连接。e.g.The teachers name is John Smith,and the studen
6、ts name is Robert.2）表示选择，常用的连词有or,eitheror,otherwise等。e.g.Hurry up,or youll miss the train.,3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.He was a little man with thick glasses,but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.August is t
7、he time of the year for rice harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.,3、复合句 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。主语从句 表语从句 名词性从句 宾语从句 同位语从句复合句 定语从句（形容词从句）状语从句（副词性从句:时间，地点，方式，让步，条件）,从句类型的判定：看从句在整个句子中处在什么位置上、作什么句子成分。通常位于句子开头的从句是主语从句；动词后面的从句是宾语从句；系动词后面的从句是表语从句；名词后面的从句只能是同
8、位语从句或定语从句；其它情况则都是状语从句。,1.What he has just said seems true.主（主语从句）+系动词+表 2.The news is that he won the game.主+系动词+表（表语从句）3.Nobody knows where he lives.主+谓+宾语(宾语从句）4.He explained to us that knowledge is power.主+谓+宾(介宾)+直宾(宾语从句)5.The fact that the earth is round is true.主（+同位语从句）+谓+表,三、there be 句型 ther
9、e be 是英语中常用句型，意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”。要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be+名词+地点（时间）”这一句型。e.g.There are some dogs.,1、疑问句形式一般疑问句是将be或will/have/can/must等助动词、情态动词提至there之前。回答时用yes或no，后接简单答语。e.g.Is there a cake on the table?Yes,there is./No,there isnt.,There be句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式：对主语提问：当主语是人时，用“Whos+介词短语?”；当主语是物
10、时，用“Whats+介词短语?”。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：e.g.There is a bird in the tree.Whats in the tree?There is a little girl in the room.Who is in the room?,对地点状语提问：用“Where is are+主语?”表示（注意其答语变化）：例如：e.g.There is a computer in my office.Where is the computer?-Its in my office.There
11、are four children in the classroom.Where are the four children?They re in the classroom.,对数量提问：一般有两种提问方式：如果主语是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，都用“How many+可数名词复数+are there+介词短语？”表示：e.g.There are twelve months in a year.How many months are there in a year?如果主语是不可数名词，则用“How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？”表示：e.g.There is som
12、e money in my purse.How much money is there in your purse?,2、否定形式则直接在be或助动词、情态动词后加not.另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no.e.g.There isnt any apples on the tree.There is no water in the bottle.,3、There be 句型中的be 应和其后出现的主语在数上一致，即“就近原则”，如：e.g.There is a lamp on the table.e.g.There are some apples in the bowl.4、如果主语是复数名词，
13、却表示一笔金额或一个总数或表达一个单个概念时，则仍用单数be形式，如：e.g.There is five hundred dollars to pay.There is still another 20 miles to drive.,5、There be 中的be 有时可lie,stand,used to be,seem to be,appear to be 等，如：e.g.There lies a river to the south.There lived an old man in the small house.There stood a temple near the river.
14、There used to be a castle at the foot of the hill.,6、There be+主语+doing+介词短语.例如：e.g.There is a truck collecting rubish outside.There is a wallet lying on the ground.,7、There is(was)+no+动词ing结构相当于It is(was)impossible to+动词原形，如：e.g.There is no going home.=It is impossible to go home.There is no living
15、with him.=It is impossible to live with him.There is no knowing what may happen.=It is impossible to know what may happen,Both men speak loudly and clearly.2)An introduction usually includes a greeting and a handshake.3)My e-mail address is.4)They will just wave goodbye to the whole group.5)Our depa
16、rtment head will give a dinner to welcome you.6)You could simply call me Wang.7)In her bag there is a passport and a pen.,There be句式,主+谓+状,主+谓+宾,主+系+表,主+谓+直宾+间宾,主+谓+宾+状,主+谓+宾+宾补,The manager for them prepares some beautiful gifts.The manager prepares some beautiful gifts for them.2)Could you tell to
17、me something about their cultural background?Could you tell me something about their cultural background?3)Mr.Wang has left in their mind a deep impression.Mr.Wang has left a deep impression upon their minds.,4)Do they always wave to you goodbye in an informal way?Do they always wave goodbye to you
18、in an informal way?/Do they always wave you goodbye in an informal way?5)There are always some people talk happily in the park.There are always some people talking happily in the park.,6)There has some water in the glass.There is some water in the glass.7)On the door has a big red Chinese word“Happi
19、ness”.On the door there is a big red Chinese word“Happiness”./There is a big red Chinese word“Happiness”on the door./On the door is a big red Chinese word“Happiness”.8)The girl looked the small animal with pleasure.The girl looked at the small animal with pleasure.,9)He gave to her some lovely flowe
20、rs.He gave her some lovely flowers./He gave some lovely flowers to her.10)The streets always have many cars run nowadays.There are always many cars running in the streets nowadays.,我们经常为我们的外国朋友准备一些中国食品。We often prepare some Chinese food for our foreign friends.2)你能给我帮个忙吗？Can you give me some help?/C
21、an you do me a favor?3)我们替他在这个旅馆预订一个比较安静的房间吧。Lets reserve for him a quiet room in the hotel.4)李丽每天早晨教格林先生学习中文。Li Li teaches Mr.Green Chinese every morning.,5)请叫我大卫好了。Please call me David.6)你经常给父母发电子邮件吗？Do you often send e-mails to your parents?Do you often send your parents e-mails?7)这篇课文中有不少生词。There are quite a few new words in this text.,
