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1、初中英语名词考点小结I hope everyone can make success in education exam.Ms.Zhang,专有名词（Proper Nouns）普通名词(Common Nouns）专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。,名词的分类,1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的 个体，如：student,desk,apple。2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的 集合体，如：class,
2、team,family。3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实 物，如：rice,water,milk。4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：love,life,work。,普通名词又分为四类,个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns）物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）,所以一般情况下我们所说的名词复数指的就是可数名词的复数问题,一般情况加-s 1.清辅音后读/s/map-maps book-books 2.浊辅音和元音后
3、读/z/bag-bags car-cars,名词复数的规则变化(1),以s,sh,ch,x 等结尾的词 加-es 读/iz/bus-buses watch-watches,bridge-bridges以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s读/iz/exercise-exercises,名词复数的规则变化(2),以y 结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加-s变复数：two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays,以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y 为i 再加es 读/z/baby-babies factory-fa
4、ctories,名词复数的规则变化(3),以f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时：a.加-s roof-roofs b.去f,fe 加-ves thief-thieves wife-wives knife-knives wolf-wolves shelf-shelves half-halves leaf-leaves life-lives,名词复数的规则变化(4),总结：小偷和妻子用架子上的小刀结束了狼和树叶的半条命,a tomato,some tomatoes,some potatoes,some heroes,初中阶段以o结尾的名词复数主要是加-s,只有这几个加-es:Heroes love
5、tomatoes and potatoes.,名词复数的规则变化(5),foot-feet,child-children,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,名词复数的不规则变化(1),goose-geese,总结：牙脚鹅,名词复数的不规则变化(2),man-men,woman-women,men doctors,women teachers,a German,some Germans,American-Americans Australian-Australians Canadian-Canadians,some policemen,a policeman,Englishman E
6、nglishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen,一些需要强调的表示人的名词复数,one sheep,two sheep,a Chinese,two Chinese,a Japanese,several Japanese,名词复数的不规则变化(3):单复数形式相同,总结：羊鹿鱼,one fish一条鱼,fishes不同种类的鱼各种各样的鱼,three fish三条鱼,some fish一些鱼肉,可数名词,不可数名词,名词复数的不规则变化(4):“fish”,想一想：我们学过的名词还有哪些和fish的用法相同？,必须注意的若干名词方面的问题(1)a.有些词既可数又不可数但意思不同:pa
7、per 报纸/试卷/文件/讲义 纸张time 次数/倍数 时间glass 玻璃杯 玻璃room 房间 空间fish 鱼 鱼肉 b.有些词虽以-s结尾但却是单数:news,math(s),physics,politics,.c.有些词始终是复数形式:people(人们),clothes,trousers,glasses(眼镜),works(著作),times(时代).有些词通常都是复数形式:shoes,gloves,d.people有两种意思:人/人们;民族There are 56 peoples in China.民族(加-s构成复数)There are 56 people in the ro
8、om.人(们)(本身就是复数)e.这些是最常见的不可数名词,一般都没有复数形式news,information,weather,work(工作),bread,knowledge,advice,fun但是可以加上一些表示单位的名词来够成短语:a _ of paper/bread/meat/work/advice a _ of tea/coffee a _of water/milk a _ of glasses/trousers/gloves,必须注意的若干名词方面的问题(2),piececupglass/bottlepair,a.“数词+名词”构成的合成词作定语时该名词用单数形式 a two-m
9、onth holiday an 8-year-old boy the boys 400-metre race,必须注意的特殊用法,b.关于几个表示数量的单位词 hundreds/thousands/millions of people 9 hundred/thousand/million people,总结：数字连字符用原型,总结：确切数字用原型，概述s加of,中考有关名词的试题,1、These _ have saved many childrens lives.A.woman doctors B.women doctor C.women doctors D.woman doctor2、Thi
10、s is _ bedroom.The twin sisters like it very much.A.Anne and Jane B.Annes and Janes C.Annes and Jane D.Anne and Janes3、-Are there any _ on the farm?-Yes,there are some.A.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheep4、-What would you like to drink,_ or orange?-Orange,please.A.hamburger B.chip C.tea5、_ turn yellow i
11、n autumn.A.Leaf B.Leaves C.Leave D.Leafs,C,D,D,C,B,6、Help yourselves to some _,dear children!A.fishsB.fishesC.fish D.the fish7、-They are thirsty.Will you please give them _?-Certainly.A.some bottles of waters B.some bottles of waterC.some bottle of water D.some bottle of waters8、Are they going to ha
12、ve a picnic on _?A.Childrens Day B.Childrenss Day C.Childrens Day D.Children Day9、_ hard work it is!A.What a B.How C.What D.How a10、I met two _ in the street yesterday morning.A.German B.Australian C.American D.Japanese11、_ are going to England for a holiday.A.The Wang B.WangsC.The Wangs D.The Wangs
13、,C,B,A,C,D,D,根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1.“Whats your n_?”“Li Lei.”2.How many d_ does your uncle have?3.Please close the w_.Its cold outside.4.If you want study English well,you must pay attention to your p_.5.A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world.6.Zhang Hui is very excited.He will go to Japan w
14、ith his p_ during the Spring Festival.7.At the a_ of seven,the lonely girl had to work to make living.8.Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.9.Health is more important to me than m_.10、Yang Liwei and Za Zhigang are h_.11、I want to be a s_ when I grow up.,ame,aughers,indow,ronuncation,nventions,arents,ge,ours,oney,eroes,inger,Thanks a lot for listening!Best wishes!,
