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1、Grammarthe Subjunctive Mood虚 拟 语 气,英语动词有三种语气:陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气陈述语气：用来表示所说的话是事实或提出疑问，广泛用语陈述句，疑问句和感叹句。祈使语气：表示所说的话是请求，命令，指示或劝告等。,虚拟语气：表示说话人的所说的话不是事实，一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一种表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,Eg:We met in this room.陈述语气 Do come to the meeting next Friday.祈使语气If I were you,I would
2、study hard.虚拟语气,一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法.,条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,是与事实相符的。非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，与事实相反的情况。If it is fine tomorrow,I will go to visit my grandma.If I were a bird,I would fly to America.,I would buy an expensive car.I would buy a villa.I would travel around the world.,If I
3、won the lottery,现在事实相反,If I _time last night,I _ to see the film with you.,had had,would have gone,过去事实相反,If he_ more carefully,he _ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,Mark:100,I _ a party for you.,should get,If you,_,got,Were to get,a full mark next time,将来时相反,would hold,If I
4、 were you,I would give AIDS patient a hug.If I had taken your advice,I wouldnt have made a mistake.If it rained tomorrow,they wouldnt go for an outing.,现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实相反,要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。,If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.,明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。,If it were sunny tomorrow,I
5、 would come to see you.,假如我是你的话，我会马上走。,与现在事实相反,If I were you,I would go at once.,与过去事实相反,与将来事实可能相反,PRACTICE 1:Fill in the blanks.a.If they _(be)here,they _(take)your advice.b.If the world-war _(break)out again,what _(happen)to our people on earth?c.If the policeman _(be not)in that room now,it _(be)
6、very dangerous.d.If I _(be)in your position,I _(ask)for teachers help.,were,would take,broke,would happen,were not,could be,were,would ask,PRACTICE 2:Fill in the blanks e.If Tom _(be)more careful in theexam,he _ _(pass)it already.f.If you(get)up earlier,you _ _(catch)the first train.g.If I _(meet)yo
7、u yesterday,we _ _(go)to the concert together.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,had met,would have gone,PRACTICE 3:Fill in the blanksIf there(be)no natural resource any more,we _(make)use of nuclear power.b.What _(happen)if you_(get up)too late tomorrow?,should be,would make,woul
8、d happen,should get up,注意1.省略 if 的条件从句当从句中有 were,had 或 should 时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。If I were to meet him tomorrow,I should ask him about it.Were I to meet him tomorrow,If he should fail in the experiment this time,he would try again.Should he fail in the experimentHad he worked h
9、arder,he would have passed the final examinations.,2 由介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构常见的介词或介词短语有without(没有),but for(要不是)Eg:Without electricity,human life would be quite difficult today.=If there were no electricity,Without his advice,I couldnt have done it all by myself.=If it hadnt been for his advice,But for your
10、help,I wouldnt have succeeded in doing this experiment.=If it hadnt been for your help,But for the meeting,I would have gone to your party last Saturday.=If it hadnt been for the meeting,1.Without sunlight,or water or air,there _ no life on the earth.A will have B would be C should be D must be 2 Bu
11、t for the snow,we _ earlier.A will arrive B should have arrived C arrive D arrived,二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中,Wish 的宾语从句,现在：过去：未来：,过去时（were）,过去完成时,would/could/might+V.,I wish I were a birdI wish I hadnt made such a mistakeWe wish our parents wouldnt punish us.,用于宾语从句,I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I became
12、as famous as Yao Ming.,I wish I were a bird.I wish I could fly like a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.,现在时,He wish he hadnteaten so much watermelon.I wish the lunch time would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.,过去时,将来时,Practice 1 He is not a pilot,but he wishes he_(be).2.I wish I _(meet
13、)him yesterday.3.I wish it _(be)fine tomorrow.4.A:You have made some mistakes.B:I wish I _mistakes every day.dont make B.havent made C.wouldnt have made D.didnt make,2.I wish they _ in this ball game.A would be succeeded B would be successful C had been success D had been successful 3.He wished he _
14、 more about the subject,so he could talk about it.A had known B knew C would know D knows 4.How I wish I _ a doctor,and _ the dying girl.A am,can save B was,saved C were,could save D will be,will save,5.-What shall we do next?-I wish that Bill _ here.If he _ here,he would tell us what to do.A has be
15、en,has been B would be,would be C were,were D is,is 6.How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!A has B had C will have D had had 7.How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future.A had visited B would visit C visited D will visit,2.在表示建议，要求，命令的词“suggest,demand,order,propos
16、e,insist,command,request,desire”后的宾语从句中：“(should)+动词原形”e.g.I suggest that we(should)set off at once.I demanded that he(should)answer me immediately.(一个坚持insist，两个命令order,command，三个建议advise,suggest,propose四个要求demand,require,request,desire)注：以上动词的名词形式用于同位语从句中，从句中的动词也是用“(should)+动词原形”,Practice:I advise
17、d that the sick child _ a hospital as soon as possible.A should sent to B should be sent C be sent to D must be sent to 2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be 20 percent.A be raised B would be raised C raised D raise,3 The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A ob
18、eys B obey C will obey D would obey 4.Janes pale face suggested that he _ ill,and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.A be,should have B was,have C should be,had D was,has 5.-Do you know where he comes from?-No,but his accent suggests that he _ from the south.A was B should be C i
19、s D were,注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。Eg:The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.,三用语表语从句和同位语从句在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request/demand 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should动词原形”should可以省略,Eg:My
20、suggestion that we(should)have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting(should)be put off.,考题点击：His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.A.try B.tries C.must try D.can try,We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _.A.should be put o
21、ff B.was put offC.should put off D.is to put offHis recommendation was that an experienced sales manager _ to the branch company in Shanghai to take charge of the marketing there.A.was sent B.send C.be sent D.would be sent,3.Would rather that宁愿,现在：过去：未来：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rathe
22、r you had gone,too.,Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,would prefer,表示一种希望和委婉的责备。Eg:I would prefer he didnt stay there too long next week.我宁愿下周他不要在这待的太久。,四.用于主语从句中,1.It is necessaryimportant strangenatural impossible/surprising+that 从句。从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should 可以省略。,Eg:It i
23、s necessary that you(should)clean the room after work.It is important that we(should)master a foreign language.It is strange that she（should）refuse to come to the party.,2.It is suggesteddesired/ordered/requested/proposed/demanded that从句从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should 可以省略,Eg:It is suggested that the me
24、eting(should)be put off.It is ordered that the work(should)be done at once.,3.It is a pitya shameno wonder+that 从句从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should 可以省略省略 eg:It is a pity that he should be so careless.真可惜他竟然如此粗心,考题点击：1.Is it necessary that he _ the examination?A.takesB.has to takeC.must takeD.take2.It is
25、strange that he _ you this.A.would tell B.should tell C.had told D.has told,五、虚拟语气在其他从句中,It is(high/about)time that“到做-的时间了.”注意:should不能省略,过去时,should+V原.,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.,2.If only 引导的感叹句“要是该有多好啊”用法与wish 相同Eg:If only I knew the answer!If only I
26、 had seen the film yesterday!,“好象”,3.as if/though+Clause,与现在事实相反,用过去式,与过去事实相反与将来事实相反,过去完成式Would/could/might+动词原形,1)as if/as though连接表语从句 He talks as if he knew where she was.He looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.2)as if/as though连接状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.He spe
27、aks to us as if he had been there.,注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。,Eg:It looks as if you are tired.,4.在In case,for fear that 和lest“万一；惟恐;以免”引导的状语 从句中，谓语动词多用 should+动词原形 should 可省略,.,Eg:I darent tell you what he did for fear that he should be angry with.In case I should fail,I would try againI wi
28、ll not read aloud the book lest I should disturb you.,5.在带有even if/even though“即使”引导的让步状语从句中,动词形式与含有非真实的条件句的虚拟语气相同.Eg.Even if Lin Tao _(be)here,I should say the same thing.Even though he _(be)ill,he would have gone to his office.,were,had been,2 错综条件虚拟语气条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致,谓语动词形式应做适当调整。If you had followed my advice,you would be better now.If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.If you had spoken to him last time you saw him,you would know what to do now.,判断是否虚拟,2.判断虚拟类型,3.判断虚拟时间,Pass!,虚拟语气应试对策,
