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1、阅读理解技巧之猜测词意,How to guess the meanings of words,Ways to Guess the Words,一.Explanation（解释）,二.Context（上下文）,三.Word-formation（字形）,四.Examples（例子）,五.Common sense（常识）,eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle-that is,it will break easily.eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope,a medical tool used
2、for listening to the movements of a persons lung and his heartbeats.,一、Explanation,易碎的，脆弱的,听诊器,利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜测词义。信号词：be,be called,means,be defined as,namely,that is,等等，标点符号有:,/:/“”/等,A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist,an
3、 expert who does research on animals.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.We are on the night shift-working from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.,木匠,动物学家,牧人,夜班,Ex.1 carpenter,zoologist,herdsman,night shift,二.Context,对比关系 同义、近义、反义关系因果关系,e.g.John usually wastes a lot of money on
4、 such useless things,his wife,however,is very abstemious.,go on,e.g.Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.,1.对比关系,有节制的,节约的,污秽的,邋遢的,能体现对比关系的词汇很多，主要有but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast to等。标点符号分号有时也可表示对比。,In the past t
5、he world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.If you agree,write“yes”;if you dissent,write“no”.Some human actions are learned,but quite a few other actions are innate.Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money,I was s
6、ure that he was innocent of the theft.,混乱,无辜的,天生的,不同意,Ex.2 turmoil,dissent,innate,innocent,2.同义、近义、反义关系,同义词替换的表达方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or,like,similar等。,反义词利用文章中所出现的、与某生词或词组意思相反的内容，猜测词义。信号词中有instead,but,not等,e.g.Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as pl
7、ump as mother,but much shorter.,圆胖的,丰满的,e.g.The new tax law supersedes,or replaces,the law that was in effect last year.,取代,接替,撤换,go on,eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual.They do not expect that the workers will come late.,文中be punctual的意思，可理解为“not come late”，即“准时，不迟到”。,e.g.Mr S
8、mith loves to talk,and his wife is similarly loquacious.,显然，similarly 是个语境线索，它暗示loquacious意为love to talk。,Ex.3 symptoms,volatile,shivered,One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever.Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile,we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.I
9、n the strong wind,the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.,症状,易挥发的,颤抖,3.因果关系:信号词：如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result,so that,such that，therefore等表示前因后果,e.g.Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.,e.g.The river is so turbid that it is
10、impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.,弹性的,混浊的,Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting,I bought a replica.An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair
11、 a bit because it was too long.,复制品,精明的,修剪,Ex.4 replica,shrewd,trim,1.With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners,unconditional:nonjudgmental:,无条件的，绝对的,没有判断力的,2.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等,三.Word-formation,-er-or-ian-ist-ese-ess,后缀,构成可数名
12、词,猜一猜:solution solve druggist drugelectrician electricgreatness greatreminder remind,构词法,-ment-tion-ness-sion-ery-ing,后缀,构成抽象名词,dis-im-mis-un-non-,否定前缀,re-co-mini-over-pre-post-vice-en-tele-,其它前缀,重复,共同,平等,小,过度,-后,副的,使-可能,远程,-前,猜一猜:minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonst
13、andard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president,微型汽车战后超市预习学前回忆,回想无关系的不标准的不忠诚的开锁合作者过分活跃副总统,-al-ble-ern-ful-ish-ive-less-y-ly-ous,形容词后缀,enizeIfyate,动词后缀,e.g.weakenrealizesatisfy,猜猜:strengthen simplify activate mountainouscourageouschangeable lifeless hilly peaceable fictional,e.g.We must sa
14、feguard the world peace.A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g.Dont listen to his nonsense.A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense,A,B,维护,保护,捍卫,胡说,废话,合成词,e.g.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs an
15、d meat.,e.g.I have found Lucy is quite generous,for example,whenever she meets a beggar,she gives some coins to him.,四.Examples,家禽,慷慨的，大方的,eg:Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.,eg:When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surfa
16、ce of water.,五.Common sense,膨胀，扩大,收缩，缩小,波纹，细浪,1.In old days,when girls from rich families were married to their husbands,they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.3.When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,h
17、e usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.,Ex.5 dowry,wither,anaesthetic,嫁妆,枯萎,麻药,因果,猜,构词法,How to guess the meaning of words?,定义,同/反义词,对比转折,上下文,生活常识,解释,Here is an example,eg：A Brown University sleep re
18、searcher has some advice for people who run high schools:Dont start classes so early in the morning.It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy.And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce bedtime.Instead,it may be that biologically these sleepyhead students ar
19、ent used to the early hour.49.The underlined phrase“nod off”most probably means“_”.turn around B.agree with others C.fall asleep D.refuse to work,Here is another example,eg：A heart-warming story tells of a woman who finally decided to ask her boss for a raise in salary.All day she felt nervous and a
20、pprehensive.Late in the afternoon she summoned the courage to approach her employer.To her delight,the boss agreed to a raise.54.The underlined word in the second paragraph most probably means_A.worried B.eager C.certain D.afraid,Here is another example,eg：Each region has a distinctive local flavor.
21、Here,wed like to introduce the best of Chinese cuisine.Now,there might be Chinese restaurants almost everywhere in the world,but I couldnt think of a better place or time to show the charm of it than at the Beijing Olympics.41.The underlined word in paragraph 1 most probably means_A.cooker B.cook C.
22、food D.tradition,巩 固 训 练,1、Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.2、Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy,unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends.3、Semantics,the study of the meaning of words,is necessary if you are to speak an
23、d read intelligently.4、Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful.5、There were so many people in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.,突出（构词法）,爱交际的（对比关系）,语义学（同位语）,有害的（同类关系）,挤过（因果关系）,6、Today young couples who are
24、 just starting their households often spend lots of money on appliances,for instance,washing machines,refrigerators and color televisions.7、Anthropology is the scientific study of man.8、The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.9、14,000 sanitation workers carry off,yearly,three million to
25、ns of refuse and keep 7,500 miles of streets clean and free of snow.,（家用）电器（举例）,人类学（定义）,（门窗等的）过梁（经验常识）,环卫工人（上下文）,上下文,10、“Why didnt you keep the money?”asked the thief.The professor relied,“I couldnt because it is not mine.”Then he walked off,spurning the thiefs offer of a reward.A.accepting B.claimi
26、ng C.rejecting D.canceling 11、One of Britains bravest women told yesterday how she helped to catch suspected police killer David Bieberand was thanked with flowers by the police.It was also said that she could be in line for a share of up to 30,000 reward money.A.get B.be paid C.ask for D.own 12、The
27、re is no cure for Alzheimers.But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms.A.a medicine to cure Alzheimers B.a medicine to delay signs of aging C.a medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimers D.a medicine to cure brain damage,生活常识,转折,13.It is true that lighth
28、ouses were built in out-of-the-way places.But in a pleasant sunny summer day,this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people love to experience.A.far-away B.dangerous C.ancient D.secret14.Unlike vitamin C,leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down.They must be carefully cultivated.A.e
29、ncouraged B.compared C.examined D.developed15.Rainforsts like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.A.cleaning up B.taking in C.wiping out D.giving out,转 折,对 比,常识,eg：The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.,spectacles的词义，从下文“戴上
30、spectacles后开始阅读”可以猜得其词义“眼镜”。,eg：Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares,circles and triangles.,geometric forms的意思，可从文中所列举的三角形，正方形、圆形来猜得其意义为“几何图形”。,eg：They overestimate the interviewees ability and asked him many difficult questions.,在overestimate词中over-是前缀，意为“过分”。因此overestimate的词义可以猜测为“过高估计”的意思。,eg：We were told that ours was the most spacious room in the hotel.That was why we had to pay so much for it.,Spacious是由词根space(空间)+ious(形容词后缀)构成。由此我们可以猜得其大概意思为“有空间的，宽敞的”。,
