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1、,Guessing meanings,猜测词义,高三英语组,（2014湖南卷阅读B）In the mid-1950s,I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that doing any more than necessary was wasted effort.One day,this approach threw me into embarrassment.In Mrs.Tottens eighth-grade math class at Central Avenue School in Ander
2、son,Indiana,we were learning to add and subtract decimals(小数).61.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate?A.It is wise to value ones time.B.It is important to make an effortC.It is right to stick to ones belief.D It is enough to do the necessary.,Lead-in(导入),（2015全国卷阅读C）The fine selecti
3、on of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作）with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida.31.What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph refer to?A.Artworks.B Projects
4、C.Donations D.Documents,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.The word“”refers to/probably means/could best be replaced by _.2.The word“”is most likely to mean _.3.What do you think the expression“”stands for?4.The underlined word“”means _.,It will be very hard but very brittle that is,it will break easily.,1._：一般通过_来确定词
5、义。,(adj.易碎的,脆的),The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.,(n.牧羊人),Definition 定义法,定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）,A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.,(n.蚊子),特别注意下列信号词：be,be called,means,be defined as,that is,that is to say,in other words,-(破折号)等.,Ex.1
6、A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.They are vertebrates,that is,animals have backbones.,木匠,动物学家,脊椎动物,“Getting the cold shoulder”means that some one is actually in a way that makes you fee
7、l unwanted.The very words create a picture:You can imagine a friend turning away so that,instead of a warm greeting,you receive only his shoulder a“cold”shoulder.,The expression“getting the cold shoulder”means _.,being treated rudely by paying no attention to you,B.greeting you friendly,C.greeting y
8、ou by rubbing shoulders with you,D.feeding you cold meat,2._：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。,Contrast 对比法,Cycling was once a means of transport for the poor.But it has become an important marker of an affluent world city.65.The underlined word“affluent”in the last paragraph probably means _.A beautiful B.
9、famous C.big D.wealthy,表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,though however,otherwise,on the one handon the other hand,for one thingfor another thing,instead of 等。,1.Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.2.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things,his wife,howev
10、er,is very thrifty.,污秽的,节约的,Exercise 2,3.In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.4.Some human actions are learned,but quite a few other actions are innate.5.Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the mone
11、y,I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.,混乱,无辜的,天生的,6.Most of us agreed,however,Bill dissented.,7.She is usually prompt for all her classes,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.,A.on time B.late C.slowly D.quickly,A,(v.不同意),3._：利用_、_ 或相似的结构猜测词义。,Cleaning up waterways is an e
12、normous task.The job is so large,in fact,that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.,(adj.巨大的;极大的),Similarity 相似法,同义词,近义词（词组）,当被猜的词前后有信号词:or,like,asas,the same as等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。The new tax law supersedes,or replaces,the law that was in effe
13、ct last year.Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.,代替,圆胖的,4_：从_推测_，从_推测_。,One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.,That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.,(adj.贫穷的,
14、穷困的),(adj.大的),.Cause Effect 因果法,原因,原因,结果,结果,因果关系 信号词:because,since,as,for,due to,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.,弹
15、性的,混浊的,When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently,researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.(04广东高考题）65.The underlined part“the colours turned the customers off”(in para.3)means that the colours _attracted the cust
16、omers stronglyhad weak effects on the customerstricked the customers into shoppingcaused the customers to lose interest,D,5._：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有for instance,for example,such as:such,like,especially,include,consist of 等,1.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances,for insta
17、nce,washing machines,refrigerators and color televisions.,(n.电器用具),Example 例举法,2.Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.3.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.,家禽,装置,superman microwave(超人)nonnatural
18、 mispronouce(非自然的),Can you guess the right meanings?,(微波),(发错音),Word Formation 构词法：,6._,英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（
19、不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能的）-less（不，无）-wards(向),Today the sport is popular in Latin America,Asia and,unfortunately,in some parts of the United States-even though it is unlawful in almost every state.,What does the word“unlawful”possibly mean?,A.allowed by the law,B.in accordance with the law,C.against the
20、 law,D.having nothing to do with the law,Prefix(前缀）usualunusualhappy-unhappy,1)He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything.Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident.A.see clearly B.understand C.expect
21、,B,7._：利用_来猜测词义。,Context 上下文,语境及前后的提示,A,(n.猿),8_：根据_来猜测词义。,在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。,When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make himunconscious(无意识的），because he d
22、oes not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.,n.麻醉剂(药),.Common sense 普通常识,普通常识和生活经验,Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile,we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.In the strong wind,the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.,易挥发的,颤抖,1.Definition 定义法,3
23、.Similarity 相似法,2.Contrast 对比法,4.Cause and effect 因果法,5.Example 例举法,8.Common Sense 普通常识,6.Word Formation 构词法,猜测词义,7.Context 上下文,Summary,Inquiry-based Activities(I)探究活动(1),They traveled a long way,at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.?2.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about
24、650yuan a year.?3.We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.?4.She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.?,Practice,1.同位法。同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。,They traveled a long way,at last got to a castle
25、,a large building in old times.,2.定义法。定语从句中who looks after sheep 就表明herdsman 的词义为牧人。,The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.,3.同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。,We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.,4.对比法。but 表转折，因此but 前后的意思是相反的。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上课迟
26、到了，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向准时的结论。,She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived late for her first class.,小试身手,Alberts success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence.A.time B.competition C.perseverance2.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile,because he was usin
27、g the wrong key.A.成功的 B.徒劳的C.有效的D.匆促的3.Though Mr.Smith has been manager for just 3 months,he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.A.上级 B.前任 C.同事 D.下级,祝,功,成,你,!,4.She didnt hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.A.心不在焉的 B.紧张的 C.全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的5
28、.Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl.But her sister was quite sedate.A.pretty B.quiet C.protective D.energetic6.He is a resolute man.Once he makes up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.strong B.firm C.kind D.clever,祝,功,成,你,!,7.The flowers in the vase withered because they had
29、 no water.A.became sweeter B.became red C.became dry8.Just for fun,they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway.A.direct B.indirect C.straight9.She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived late for her first class.?A.on time B.late C.absent,祝
30、,功,成,你,!,真题体验一、(14安徽卷D)Although we have to respect peoples feelings as fellow users of the buildings,I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward.If we always reproduced what was there before,we would all still be living in caves.Thus,I would argue against copyin
31、g previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different,even though that might be the more risky choice.70.By“move things forward”in the last paragraph,the author probably means“_.”A.destroy old buildings B.put things in a different placeC.choose new architectural styles D.respect p
32、eoples feelings for historical buildings,二、（14福建卷A）By now paramedics（救援人员）had arrived,and were attending the injured woman.As we walked up to her,my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment.He said he was just too scared to go up to her.Instead I gave the flower to the womans hu
33、sband and told him,“My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.”58.The underlined word“intimidated”in the fourth paragraph probably means“_”.A.astonished B.struck C.frightened D.excited,Inquiry-based Activities(II)探究活动(2),Passage 1 Tens of thousand
34、s of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas.Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks,
35、born during the November-December breeding season.What does the underlined word“obtain”probably mean?A.eat B.get C.sell D.buy,B,Passage 2 A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors,relatives,and fellow tribesmen.If they are honored,he is also honored.If they are disgraced,h
36、e too is disgraced.Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family,his lineage(宗系),and his tribe.The word“disgrace”means _ in this text.A.honor B.endanger C.proud D.shame,D,Passage 3 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished.A few members of the Senat
37、e(参议院)opposed this decision,but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.The underlined word“banished”mean_.A.killed by stoning B.sent away C.imprisoned D.punished by whipping,B,Passage 4 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields.I would walk behind
38、an ox,guiding him with a broomstick.For$1 a day,I worked eight hours straight,with no food breaks.It was very tedious work,but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.Because the plantation owners were always watching us,I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.Wh
39、at does the underlined word“tedious”probably mean?A.interesting B.tiresome C.relaxing D.challenging,B,Passage 5 Although he often had the chance,Mr.Brown was never able to steal money from a customer.This would endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeopardize his future.The word
40、“jeopardize”means _ in this text.A.protect B.endanger C.continue D.stop,B,Passage 6 After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager,I left the company at the height of my career.Many people were astounded that I woul
41、d leave after earning a six-figure income.And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream.The underlined word“astounded”means _.A.very sad B.very sorry C.very pleased D.greatly surprised,D,同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。,教师点评,Homework:运用今天所学到的解题方法，完成印发的猜测词义练习。,Thank you for listening!,Any comment is welcome.,Bye!,
