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1、一.合同,概论：合同是指经贸活动中，双方就某一具体事务的权利和义务协商一致后达成的书面文件。由于合同具有法律约束力，对权利和义务的规定直接关系到当事人的经济利益，所以缔约双方对合同的内容，语言文字的表达，甚至一词一字的运用都十分关注。,二.商务合同的构成部分,1.合同名称 Title2.前文(前言)Preamble1)Date of signing2)Signing parties3)Each partys authority(当事人的合法依据)4)Place of signing5)Recitals or WHEREAS clause(定约缘由),3.文本(Body),定义条款(Defini
2、tion clause)基本条款(Basic conditions)一般条款(General terms and conditions)合同有效期限(Duration)终止(Termination)不可抗力(Force Majeure)合同的让与(Assignment)仲裁(Arbitration)适用法律(governing law)诉讼管辖(Jurisdiction)通知手续(Notice)合同的修改(Amendment)其他(Others),4.结尾条款(Witness clause),结尾语包括合同的份数,使用的文字和效力等(Concluding sentence)签名(Signatu
3、re)盖印(Seal),二.合同的翻译,合同日期：合同号码：买方：卖方：,CONTRACTDate:Contract No.:The Buyer:The Sellers:,签约双方一致同意按下列条款达成这笔交易：,商品名称：数量单价总值包装生产国别,付款条件保险装运期装运港目的港,This contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers;whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned goods subject
4、 to the terms and conditions as stipulated hereinafter:,Name of commodity:QuantityUnit priceTotal valuePackingCountry of Origin,Terms of PaymentInsuranceTime of ShipmentPort of LadingPort of Destination,索赔：在货到目的口岸45天内发现货物品质，规格和数量与合同不符，除属保险公司或船方责任外，买方有权凭中国商检出具的检验证书或有关文件向卖方索赔，换货或赔款。,Claims:Within 45 d
5、ays after the arrival of the goods at the destination,should the quality,specifications or quantity be found not in conformity with the stipulations of the contract except those claims for which the insurance company or the owners of the vessel are liable,the Buyers shall have the right on the stren
6、gth of the inspection certificate issued by the and the relative documents to claim for compensation to the Sellers.,不可抗力：由于人力不可抗力的原由发生在制造，装载或运输过程中导致卖方延期交货或不能交货者，卖方可免除责任，在不可抗力发生后，卖方须立即电告买方在14天内以空邮方式向买方提供事故发生的证明文件，在上述情况下，卖方仍须负责采取措施尽快发货。,Force Majeure:The Sellers shall not be held responsible for the
7、delay in shipment or non-deli-very of the goods due to Force Majeure,which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit.The sellers shall advise the Buyers immediately of the occurrence mentioned above the within fourteen days there after.The Sellers shall s
8、end by airmail to the Buyers for their acceptance certificate of the accident.Under such circumstances the Sellers,however,are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the goods.,仲裁：凡有关执行合同所发生的一切应通过友好协商解决，如协商不能解决，则将分歧 提交中国国际贸易促进委员会按有关仲裁程序进行仲裁，仲裁将是终局的，双方均受其约
9、束，仲裁费用由败方承担。,Arbitration:All disputes in connection with the execution of this Contract shall be settled friendly through negotiation,in case no settlement can be reached,the case then may be submitted for arbitration to the Arbitration Commission.The Arbitration committee shall be final and binding
10、 upon both parties.And the Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing parties.,评析：合同文本的翻译看起来很复杂，其实因其语言的固定性和格式性使得实际操作时相对容易些。总的来说应注意以下几点：固定词汇。如：索赔 claim，不可抗力 force majeure，通知 advice，仲裁 arbitration常见的词组结构，如：与相一致 in conformity with。对负责 be responsible for，由负担 be borne by 固定语句。,三.语言特色,多使用正式或法律上的用词1)At t
11、he request of Party B,Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment.应乙方要求,甲方同意派遣技术员帮助乙方安装设备.,2)Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Beijing.甲方应将病人遣返中国,负责病人回到北京的旅费.,3)The term Effective date means the date on which this Agre
12、ement is duly executed by the parties.生效日的意思是指本协议经订约双方签字的日子.,用语力求准确,明白,严密,4)Party A shall send technicians at Party Bs expense to train Party Bs personnel within 30 days after signing the Contract.甲方应于签约后三十天内派遣技术员培训乙方的人员,有关费用由乙方承担.,5)This Contract can only be altered,amended or supplemented in accor
13、dance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.本合同的修改补充应按双方授权代表签名盖章的文件,才能进行.,多用成双成对的同义词,1)This Agreement made and entered into by and between ABC Co.and XYZ Co.ABC 公司和XYZ公司双方签订本协议.,2)All documents,letters,telegrams and telexes interchanged between both parties b
14、efore the signing of the Contract shall become null and void automatically from the date on which the Contract comes into force.双方在签约前交换的所有文件,书信,电报和电传,应从本合同生效之日开始自动失效.,多用某些特殊用语,WHEREAS 鉴于 Indemnity n.赔偿的保证;赔偿金;赔偿物Infringement:violation n.违反;违背;侵犯;侵害copyright infringement版权侵犯patent infringement专利侵权tr
15、ade-mark infringement侵犯商标权,商标冒用infringement of contract违反合同infringement of freedom侵犯自由,Force majeure:an unexpected and unavoidable event that causes or allows a contract to be changed or cancelled if it has a force majeure clause.e.g.As a result of force majeure the transaction was not completed.基于不
16、可抗力的因素,交易未能完成.,Arbitration:the settling of a dispute by means of a neutral third party rather than by a court of law.仲裁(通过中立的第三方不通过法庭解决纠纷)e.g.They decided to settle the dispute by arbitration.他们决定通过仲裁解决争议.,合同翻译常见表达及例句,Well have the contract ready for signature.我们应准备好合同待签字。We signed a contract for me
17、dicines.我们签订了一份药品合同。,Mr.Zhang sings the contract on behalf of the China National Silk Import&Export Corporation.张先生代表中国丝绸进出口总公司在合同上签了字。,We both want to sign a contract,and we have to make some concessions to do it.我们都想签合同，因此双方都要做些让步。We are here to discuss a new contract with you.我们来这里和您谈谈订一份新合同的问题。,
18、Our current contract is about to expire,and well need to discuss a new one.我们现有合同快要期满了，需要再谈一个新合同。,A few problems with supply under the old contract must be quickly resolved.老合同中的一些供货问题必须尽快解决。We ought to clear up problems arising from the old contract.我们应该清理一下老合同中出现的问题。,As per the contract,the constr
19、uction of factory is now under way.根据合同规定，工厂的建设正在进行中。,We enclose our sales contract No.45 in duplicate.附上我们第45号销售合同一式两份。,May I refer you to Article 5 of the General Terms and Conditions of the contract?请您看看合同一般条款的第五条。,You must state the description of the goods,the quantity and the unit price in eac
20、h contract.每笔合同中都应该提到的商品的性能说明、数量和单价。,The contract states that the supplier will be charged a penalty if there is a delay in delivery.合同规定如果供货商延误交货期，将被罚款。,Once the contract is approved by the Chinese government,it is legally binding upon both parties.合同一经中国政府批准，对双方就有了法律约束力。,We always carry out the terms of our contract to the letter and stand by what we say.我们坚持重合同，守信用。,This contract will come into force as soon as it is signed by two parties.合同一经双方签定即生效。Once a contract is made,it must be strictly implemented.合同一旦确定就应严格执行。,
