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1、初三英语复习,Revision of Junior English,Nouns,名 词,表示人、事物、地点的名称或者抽象概念的词。分为专有名词和普通名词,1、专有名词:表示个别的人、事物、地点等专有的 名称。专有名词第一个字母要大写*2、普通名词:又可以分为可数名词和不可数名词 可数名词可数名词：表示人、事物、地点等的名称.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式之分。,初三英语复习-名词-可数名词,Kate*China*the Great Wall,一、名词的单数形式 一般可用a来修饰*a cat*a book 在元音发音开头的单词前用 an*an apple*an egg 请区别：a useful m
2、achine,初三英语复习-名词-可数名词-名词的单数形式,二、名词的复数形式 1.复数形式的构成方法 1)一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/*dog dogs*book books 2)以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的名词加“es”/iz/*box boxes*watch watch es 3)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/*country countries*factor y factories 请区别:如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”*boy boys*monkey monkeys,初三英语复习-名词-可数名词-名词的复数形式,4)以o结尾的名词加
3、“s”/z/radio radios zoo zoos 只有 potato tomato加“es”构成复数 potato potatoes tomato tomatoes 5)以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es”/vz/halfhalves shelfshelves knifeknives leafleaves 2.特殊变化的单词 1)单复数同形 Japanese Japanese sheep sheep Chinese Chinese fish fish 2)变元音字母oo为ee tooth teeth foot feet goose-geese,初三英语复习-名词-可数名词
4、-名词的复数形式,3.变man为 men man men woman women policemanpolicemen FrenchmanFrenchmen 请区别：German(德国人)Germans 4.其它形式 child children mouse mice 5.一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况 1)将中心词变为复数:grandchildgrandchildren girlfriendgirlfriends a apple tree2 apple trees*2)man,woman 构成的合成词,每个名词都要变成复数 a man doctor men doctors a woman
5、teacher women teachers,初三英语复习-名词-可数名词-名词的复数形式,6.常以复数形式出现的名词 people clothes police trousers glasses 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数*My clothes are newer than yours.*The police often come here.7.可用how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of,some，a lot of 等修饰可数名词复数*There are a few people in the park.*How many knives are t
6、here in your pencil-box?,初三英语复习-名词-可数名词-名词的复数形式,不可数名词 不可数名词：物质名词和抽象名词，属于不可数名词。例如:water，rice，fish，meat 等。特别记住：work time space music money weather cotton homework wood information news medicine,初三英语复习-名词-可数名词-名词的复数形式,1.不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数*Some bread is over there.*No news is good news.2.常用how much,much
7、,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等用来修饰不可数名词*They had much money.*He does little housework at home.3.常用a piece of,a cup of,a glass of,a bottle of 等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of 前面的名词上，而 of 后始终是单数*There is a piece of paper in the book.*Three glasses of orange are on the desk.,初三英语复习-名词-可数名词-名词的复数形式,注意：可数名词也可用量
8、来表示，of 后用复数*There are two bags of clothes over there.*We have five boxes of apples.,初三英语复习-名词-可数名词-名词的复数形式,4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同(1)glass(玻璃)_a glass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)_ a paper(报纸)work(工作)_a work(著作)room(空间)_ a room(房间)(2)fruit(水果)_ fruits(各种水果)fish(鱼)_ fishes(各种鱼)hair(所有头发)_ hairs(几根头发)tim
9、e(时间)_ times(时代),初三英语复习-名词-可数名词-名词的复数形式,三、名词的一般用法名词做定语 1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数*He has two pencil-boxes.*There are three banana trees over there.2.man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致*We need a man teacher.*They are all women workers.3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式*a sports field*a clothes shop,初三英语复习-名词-名词的一般用法,4.当数词与单
10、位名词一起做定语时,单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。*He is a fourteen-year-old boy.*This is a two-hour plan.名词做主语,应注意名词的数,避免主谓不一致。*Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers.她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。*There is a pair of glasses on the desk.桌上有一副眼镜.,初三英语复习-名词-名词的一般用法,四、名词所有格 表示名词间的所有关系“的”(一)名词所有格的构成方法 1.单数名词后
11、加“s”*Tom s book*my friend s uncle 2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“”即可*Teachers Day*two weeks holiday 3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“s”*Children s Day*men s shoes,初三英语复习-名词-名词所有格,4.用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语，主要用于表 示无生命名词的所有关系*the color of the wall*a picture of the classroom(二)名词所有格的几个注意点 1.可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略 my aunts(home）(我姑姑家）
12、go to the teachers(office）(去老师办公室）2.有些名词的所有格可用两种形式 the cats name/the name of the cat Chinas capital/the capital of China,初三英语复习-名词-名词所有格,用名词的正确形式填空1.He cut the apple into _(half).2.The _(potato)are mine.3.How many _(family)are there in this town?4.There are ten _(deer)on the farm.5.These _(German)ar
13、e _(businessman).6.Last week we went to the _(child)Park.,halves,potatoes,families,deer,Germans,businessmen,Childrens,初三英语复习-Exercises,3.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“s”Lucy and Lilys room 露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）请区别:Lucys and Lilys rooms 露西的房间和莉莉的房间(两人各有一间房间),初三英语复习-名词-名词所有格,Exercises,用名词的正确形式填空1.He cut the apple i
14、nto _(half).2.The _(potato)are mine.3.How many _(family)are there in this town?4.There are ten _(deer)on the farm.5.These _(German)are _(businessman).6.Last week we went to the _(child)Park.,halves,potatoes,families,deer,Germans,businessmen,Childrens,初三英语复习-Exercises,改错1.Its a hard work.2.We dont ha
15、ve any class on Sundays.3.The rooms windows are very big.,Its hard work.,We dont have any classes on Sundays.,The windows of the room are very big.,初三英语复习-Exercises,4.How many milk is there in the bag?5.Could I have three papers,please？6.These two pieces of bread is over there.,How much milk is ther
16、e in the bag?,Could I have three pieces of paper,please？,These two pieces of bread are over there.,初三英语复习-Exercises,Article冠 词,虚词,本身无独立的意义,它用来帮助说明名词所指的人或物,是泛指还是特指.不定冠词a,an(泛指)定冠词 the(特指)零冠词,初三英语复习-冠词,一、不定冠词的用法 1.表示某人(事物)的某一种类 My father is a driver.Do you like an apple or a pear?2.表示某一事物中的任何一个 An ele
17、phant is bigger than a horse.A monkey can climb trees.3.表示某人某物,但不具体说明何人何物。A student from Class Two runs fastest.A man is calling now.,初三英语复习-冠词-不定冠词的用法,4.表示数量，有“一”的含义 There is a flower in the vase.A panda has a mouth,a nose，two eyes.5.有些不可数名词要表示“一种”、“一场”、“一堆”时,须加不定冠词 a heavy snow a strong wind make
18、a fire have a good time 6.用于固定词组 half an hour a moment ago a lot of have a rest a little a few a pair if,初三英语复习-冠词-不定冠词的用法,二、定冠词的用法 1.指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the 2.世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the the sun the moon the earth 3.定冠词the用于序数词前或表示方位的名词前和形容词最高级前.the first the best in the south 4.乐器名称前用定冠词the play the piano play
19、the violin,初三英语复习-冠词-定冠词的用法,5.在复数姓氏前加the,表示xx一家人,常看成复数*The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.=The Brown family are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.6)在一些形容词前，表示一类人*the rich 富人*the old 老人*the deaf 聋子 在一些专有名词和习惯用语中常用定冠词the*the Great Wall*by the way*in the morning*on the
20、 right*behind the chair*all the time,初三英语复习-冠词-不定冠词的用法,三、零冠词 1.在节日.星期.月份.季节.年.学科等词前不用冠词*in summer*in August*on Sunday*study physics 请区别：in the spring of 1945(特指,加the)2.一日三餐和球类运动名词前不用冠词*have breakfast*play football 3.名词前已有this,that,my,your,some,any,each作定语,不用冠词*They met here this morning.*Each boy ha
21、s a workbook.,初三英语复习-冠词-不用冠词,4.一些专有名词.不可数名词.称呼.头衔不用冠词 China Grade Two Mr.Li Dr.Liu monitor5.表示颜色、语种、国家前不用冠词*in purple*in red*Japanese*Britain6.固定词组:*go to bed*by bus*at night*in time7.在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同 in front of 在前面 in the front of 在范围内的前部*There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树*The teache
22、rs desk is in the front of the classroom.讲台在教室的前部,初三英语复习-冠词-不定冠词的用法,in hospital(生病)住院in the hospital 在医院里*Hes ill in hospital.他生病住院。*My parents work in the hospital.我的父母在医院工作。,初三英语复习-冠词-不定冠词的用法,不定冠词a,an 的区别,an honest boy There is _“f”in the word“five”,an,不见元音不加an,不看字母看发音。在26个字母中，前面有an 的字母有“a,e,f,h,i
23、,l,m,n,o,r,s,x”共12个。特别注意:,以u开头的单词：,单数名词前加定冠词、不定冠词，复数名词前不加定冠词都可以表示“一类事物”,马是一种动物。,A horse is a useful animal.The horse is a useful animal.Horses are useful animals.,()1 I found _ good news in _ newspaper.A.a,a B.a piece of,a piece of C.a,a piece of D.a piece of,a()2 What _ it is today!A.a fine weather
24、 B.fine weather C.fine a weather D.the fine weather()3 To their _,they have all passed the exam.A.surprise B.surprising C.surprises D.surprised,D,B,A,初三英语复习-Exercises,()4 Lucy is _ sister.A.Mary and Jack B.Marys and Jacks C.Mary and Jacks D.Mary and Jacks()5 Please make _ for him.He is very tired.A.
25、any room B.any room C.some rooms D.some room()6 The model plane was made by a _ boy.A.ten-years-old B.ten-year-older C.ten-year-old D.ten-year old,D,D,C,初三英语复习-Exercises,()7 He went to the _ to buy a pair of shoes.A shoes store B shoe store C shoes store D shoes store()8 I will give you _ to finish
26、it.A two weeks time B two weeks time C two week time D two weeks time()9 The two bedroom are the _.A twins B twins C twins D twins,B,B,C,初三英语复习-Exercises,()10 This is an old photo of mine when I _.A have short hairs B had short hairs C have short hair D had short hair()11 I think the country is much
27、 more beautiful than any other _ in the world.A country B countries C the country D the countries()12 Johns uncle has many friends.Mr.Shute is a friend of _.A Johns uncle B John uncles C Johns uncles D John uncle,D,A,C,初三英语复习-Exercises,Exercises1 There is _“m”in _ word“mother”.2 Did you play _ baske
28、tball or play _ piano after _school?3 Turn right at _ third crossing on _ left.4 They got to _ moon by _ spaceship.5 She is _ university student,she likes _ music of _ film.,an,a,/,the,/,the,the,the,/,a,the,the,初三英语复习-Exercises,6 We didnt have _ history yesterday,we went to visit _ History Museum.7 _ Smiths went to _ capital of _ China last year.8 What _ windy day it is!9 His _ best friend flew to _ France_ last week.10 _ Chinese doctor told him to take _ three times _ day.,/,the,The,the,/,a,/,/,/,A,/,a,初三英语复习-Exercises,
