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1、句子成分,主语谓语宾语表语宾补定语状语,1.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,主语,Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.,谓语,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组
2、成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.,表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.,The war was over.They seem to
3、 know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I need.,宾语,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.He gave me some books.,间接宾语,直接宾语,.please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.,I like my job.I love you.,He wanted to leave here.They enjo
4、yed playing computer games.,宾语补足语,I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.We must keep it a secret.,主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.,I last saw him playing near the river.,He
5、was last seen playing near the river.,Theteacher caught the student cheating in the exam,The student was caught cheating in the exam,We made him monitor.,He was made monitor.,He pushed the door open.,The door was pushed open.,定语,He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54student
6、s in our class.Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),(副词),The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the t
7、ree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.,状语,用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the trai
8、n.,I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.,1.They work hard.主+谓2.The flower is dead.主+系+表3.Plants need water.主+谓
9、+宾4.He gives me some seeds.主+谓+直宾+间宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Many animals live in trees.主+谓,英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+（主系表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四：+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）,翻译练习:1.你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。4.会议将持续两个小时。,You should study hard.,She went home very late yes
10、terday evening.,That morning we talked a great deal.,The meeting will last two hours.,一、主谓结构（S十Vi）,本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises.主语可有修饰语-定语，如，The red sun rises.谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，The red sun rises in the east 这类句型中，谓语动词后可以不带任成分,但在大多数情况下,跟着状语性质的修饰语。例如：He worked hard/in a factory/to support
11、his family.,1.昨晚我写了一封信。I wrote a letter last night.2.这本书他读过多次了。He has read this book many times.3.他们成功地完成了计划。(carry out)They have carried out the plan successfully.4.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。(finish doing)You must finish reading these books in two weeks.,二、主谓宾结构（S十V+O）,在此句式中V代表及物动词或及物动词词组(vt)，只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且必
12、须接宾语，因此后有宾语；宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。例如：eg:Isawafilm.译：我看了一部电影。eg:Theytookgoodcareofthechildren 译：他们把这些孩子照看得很好。,1、这台机器出了毛病。2、天气变得相当暖和。3、这些玫瑰闻起来很香。4、他的脸红了。,The motor is out of order/goes wrong.,The weather is getting quite warm.,The roses smell sweet.,His face turned red.,三、S十V十P主系表结构,说明：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以
13、说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。P一般是形容词或名词或名词性质的短语，V是系动词,常见的系动词有：（1）表示特征和存在状态的 be,seem,appear,feel,look,smell,taste,sound.（2）表示状态延续的 remain,stay,keep,continue.（3）表示状态变化的 become,get,turn,go,fall,come,grow.,四、S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构,此结构由主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要加上一个成分来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意思。可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不
14、定式，分词。如：1.The sun keeps us warm.2.I heard him singing.3.You must get your hair cut.,特别提醒:A.现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。,I heard the girl singing in the classroom.,I often hear this song sung in the street.,B.在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，
15、listento(倾听)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，则要带”to”.e.g：1.Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.2.Wehearhersingnextdoor.3.Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.,五、S十V十Oi十Od主谓双宾,说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：He brings c
16、ookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作对谁而做，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作为谁而做，表示为了某人，替某人。,双宾语只能跟在某些动词后面，主要有三类动词：（一）give,tell,teach,bring,lend,show,hand,offer,pay等。,Examples:1.Please hand him a book.2.Please hand a book to him.,1.她给了我一些漂亮的照片。2.布莱克先生教我英语。3.我付给了修理工50元。,She gave me s
17、ome beautiful pictures.,Mr.Black teaches us English.,I paid the repairman fifty yuan.,（二）buy,get,fetch,save,make,sing,choose等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可以用一个介词for引导的短语来表示。,你给孩子们取点水来好吗？你愿意帮我一下忙吗？请给我们唱首歌好吗？,Would you fetch some water for the children?,Would you do me a favour(do a favor for me)?,Will you sing us a s
18、ong?,（三）ask,answer,take,cost等，这一类词后的两个宾语 都是直接宾语，无法改变其结构形式。,我可以问你一个问题吗？请先回答我一个问题。3.买这辆新自行车花了他300元。,May I ask you a question?,Please answer me a question.,The new bike cost him 300 yuan.,六、There+be+主语（存在句型）,Questions:,1.be 的单复数由什么决定？,2.除了be 之外还能用哪些动词？,live,stand,lie,come,go,remain,exist,arrive.,3.Be 与
19、其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be；there is/are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be/there must have been.过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be,1.There stands a tall tree on top of the hill.2.There will be an evening party on 15th this month.3.There must be something wrong with him.4.Look!There lies a letter on the ground.,
