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1、,confucius,Confucius(born Kong Qiu,styled Zhong Ni)was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu in 551 B.C.,a poor descendant of a deposed noble family.descendant=son,grandson,great-grandson etc.deposed=sb.be forced to give up his political position,As Confucius was ugly,his father left him i
2、n this cave when he was born.,Confucius Life,As a child,he held make-believe temple rituals;as a young adult,he quickly earned a _ for fairness,politeness and love of learning,and he was reputed to be quite tall.He traveled extensively and studied at the imperial capital,Zhou,where he is said to hav
3、e met and spoke with Lao Zi,the founder of Daoism.make-believe=pretend ritual n.=ceremony imperial adj.=royal extensively=wide A.reputation(common)B.renown(the strongest tone),Upon his return to Lu,he gained renown as a teacher,but when he was 35,Duke Zhao of Lu led his country to war,frequently com
4、ing to him for advice.When other nobles began plotting against Confucius position,Duke Zhao refused to intervene,and Confucius returned to Lu.But conditions there were no better than before,and Confucius retired from public life to concentrate on teaching and studying.Plot vi.=discuss secretlyInterv
5、ene=stop this act,At age 50,he was approached by the Baron of Qi to help defend against a rebellion,but he declined.He was later promoted by new Duke of Lu several times,eventually becoming Chief Minister of Lu.Rebellion=violent action by some people who try to change a countrys political system.pro
6、mote=sb.be given a better job and higher position.Guess the meaning of decline.,Confucius spent the next five years wandering China with his disciples,finding that his presence at royal courts was rarely tolerated for long before nobles would begin plotting to drive him out or have him killed.Discip
7、le=student/believer,After further wanderings,he eventually returned to Lu at age 67.Although he was welcomed there and chose to remain,he was not offered public office again,nor did he seek it.Instead he spent the rest of his years teaching and,finally,writing.He died at 72.,Confucius Thoughts,Human
8、eness,Etiquette,Wisdom,filial piety,Loyalty,Trust,Justice,From The Analects(论语),we find Confucius central belief is that of the virtue of ren.Ren is rendered as humaneness.The simplest explanation Confucius gave to his disciples for this term was“To love others.”Virtue=good quality or way of behavin
9、g.,Confucius Sayings,They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it,and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it.知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning,and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors.敏而好学，不耻下问。Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.过而不改，是谓过矣。The wise find pleasure in water;the virtuous find pleasure in hills.The wise are active;the virtuous are tranquil.The wise are joyful;the virtuous are long-lived.知者乐水，仁者乐山。知者动，仁者静。知者乐，仁者寿。,言必信，行必果。Keep what you say and carry out what you do.,
