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1、专四语法,语法题目特点、比重,1.51-65题,2.用时7.5分钟,3.易-难,语法命题新趋势,难度大幅度降低，基本上不再有偏题、怪题。,对语法辨认（语法术语）的考查加强。,近三年语法题目统计,My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work.He is no longer the man_ he was fifteen years ago.2011/51A.which B.whom C.who D.that,Facing the board of directors,he didnt deny _breaking the agreement
2、.2013/51A.him B.it C.his D.its,My boss ordered that the legal documents _ to him before lunch 2012/54Abe sent Bwere sent Cwere to be sent Dmust be sent,Which of the following is a compound word(复合词)?2013/53.A.NonsmokerB.Deadline?C.MeannessD.Misfit,Which of the following sentences contains subjunctiv
3、e mood?2013/54A.Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 oclock?B.She used to drive to work,but now she takes the city metro.C.Walk straight ahead,and dont turn till the second traffic lights.D.Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.,Which of the following italicized par
4、ts is a subject clause(主语从句)?2011/60A.We are quite certain that we will get there in time.B.He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.C.She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.D.It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.,Which of the follo
5、wing reflexive pronouns(反身代词)is used as an appositive(同位语)?2012/53 A，He promised himself rapid progress BThe manager herself will interview Mary CI have nothing to say for myself DThey quarreled themselves red in the face,语法的核心,1.语法意识,2.语法分析,3.语法技巧,Even an end which it would be noble to pursue if it
6、 were attained may be pursued unwisely if it is inherently impossible of achievement.,语法策略,1.扎实掌握基本语法术语,2.熟悉专四语法基本考点,3.做真题、多思考、找规律,语法学习要求,真题（2004-2013）1.1 上外出版 1.2 以2009-2013真题为主 1.3 效果：会背、会解释,2.单项练习 英语专业四级语法新思维30天速成胜经,3.合理安排时间,语法辨认,一、词性,术语功能,Which of the following determiners(限定词)can be placed befo
7、re both singular count nouns and plural count nouns?2012、52 Amany a Bfew C the next Dsuch,Which of the following reflexive pronouns(反身代词)is used as an appositive(同位语)?2012/53 A，He promised himself rapid progress BThe manager herself will interview Mary CI have nothing to say for myself DThey quarrel
8、ed themselves red in the face,二、成分,术语：主、谓、宾、状、补、定、同位语等功能做题技巧：弄清术语分析结构比较选项,In the sentence“Its no use waiting for her”,the italicized phrase is 2010/61the object B.an adverbial C.a complement D.the subject,Which of the following sentences has an object complement?2010/63A.The directors appointed John
9、 manager.B.I gave Mary a Christmas present.C.You have done Peter a favour.D.She is teaching children English.,Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object?2011/58A.What do you think has happened to her?B.Who do you think the visiting professor is?C.How much do you think he earns ever
10、y month?D.How quickly would you say he would come?,Which of the following prepositional phrases can function as an adverbial?2012、62 ADespite of the rain,everyone enjoyed the trip.BThe man with a beard is talking to the manager.CEvery precaution was taken against the failure of the plan DAre you sur
11、e of Simons disappearance?,Which of the following reflexive pronouns(反身代词)is used as an appositive(同位语)?2012/53 A，He promised himself rapid progress BThe manager herself will interview Mary CI have nothing to say for myself DThey quarreled themselves red in the face,2011；652012；57、58、59.64,三、功能,1、语气
12、功能2、语法功能,Which of the following sentences is a COMMAND?2011、52A.Beg your pardon.B.Have a good time.C.Never do that again!D.What noise you are making!,The sentence that expresses OFFER is 2011.64 A.Ill get some drinks.Whatll you have?B.Does she need to book a ticket now?C.May I know your name?D.Can y
13、ou return the book next week?,Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose?2011、53A.She said it for fun,but others took her seriously.B.For all its effort,the team didnt win the match.C.Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.D.He set out for Beijing yesterday.,In phrases like
14、freezing cold,burning hot,or soaking wet,the ING participle is used 2011、55A.as a command.B.as a condition.C.for concession.D.for emphasis.,2010.51 2011.64 2012.55,四、句子类型、语法关系,Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause(主语从句)?2011.60A.We are quite certain that we will get there in ti
15、me.B.He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.C.She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.D.It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.,Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?2012.61 AI got a job as soon as I left unive
16、rsity BAs there was no answer,I wrote again CYou must do the exercises as I show you DWealthy as he is，Mark is not a happy man,非谓语动词,一、形式：动词不定式;现在分词;过去分词;动名词,二、功能：一个句子当中，已经存在谓语动词,又没有连词 的情况下，需要非谓语动词来修饰句子的其他成分。,三、命题特点:,1.非谓语动词的否定式；2.动词不定式的各种形式及应用；3.-ing结构、-ed结构的语法功能；（P136）4.非谓语动词的固定结构或习惯用法等。,四、解题思路：,一
17、、首先抓住主谓结构 确定主句、没有连接词、只有一个主语二、分析主动被动 分析语态就是在确定主语之后，分析非谓语动 词和主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。三、分析动作先后 要考虑动作发生的时间先后，即时态。,If not _ with the respect he feels due to him,Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.04.55A.being treated B.treatedC.be treated D.having been treated,(04.76)Allflights_becauseofthes
18、nowstorm,wehadtotakethetrain.A.havingcanceledB.hadbeencanceledC.werecanceled D.havingbeencanceled,(05.61)Whats the chance of _ a general election this year?there being B.there to be C.there be D.there going to be,(02.56)AIDS is said _the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few year
19、s in the region.A.being B.to be C.to have been D.having been,独立主格,1.Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth,wheat _ by far the biggest cereal crop.a.is b.been c.be d.being,2.Time _,the celebration will be held as scheduled.a.permit b.permitting c.permitted d.permits,3.There _ nothing more
20、 for discussion,the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.a.to be b.to have been c.being d.be,4._ no cause for alarm,the old man went back to his bedroom.There was b.Since c.Being d.There being,5.The countrys chief exports are coal,cars and cotton goods,cars _the most important of these.have b
21、een b.are c.being d.are being,as的用法,as可以作连词、介词及关系代词和副词。,1.as作连词作“在期间，当的时候”引导时间状语从句,eg：As time went on/by,she became more and more beautiful.As children get older,they become more and more interested in everything.,一、连词,2.As=Since 作“既然”、“由于”解,引导原因状语从句,常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。eg:As hes been ill for age
22、s,I will help him.As/Since youre not feeling well,you may stay at home.As he wasnt ready,we went without him,3、As=in the way that“像”、“按照的方式”,引导方式状语从句。eg:Do as I told you.Remember,you must do everything as I do.,4、用于asas或not/so/asas中,前一个as是副词,后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。(book3,unit7)eg:They helped the old as m
23、uch as possible.I dont speak English so/as well as she does.,5、表示虽然,尽管 等,引导让步状语从句,常用倒装语序,模式为:adj./adv./n.+as+主语+谓语+主句。eg:Young as he is,he knows much.Tired as they were,they walked on.Girl as she was,she was very brave.,1.表示好像。如:He dressed as a policeman.2.表示作为当作。eg：I found a job as a guide.3.当某人是某身
24、份时。eg：As a child,she was sent to abroad.,二、as作介词的用法.,4.as引导的介词短语大多用作状语,as译为作为;少数情况可引起宾语补足语。eg:As a Party member,Ill take the lead in everything.(状语)She works as a model.(状语)She has me as one of her best friends.(宾语补足语),1.引导非限制性定语从句,表示正如,这一点，位置灵活.eg:He is very careful,as we all know.As is well-known,
25、Taiwan belongs to China.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。,三、as作关系代词,2.当先行词被the same,such等词修饰时,常用as来引导定语从句。eg:Such a clever girl as she can learn anything quickly.I was reading the same book as he bought yesterday.,1.表示与等同。eg：This dress is twice as expensive as that one.2.像，如等。eg：As
26、before,he remained unmoved.Such animals as foxes and squirrels have bushy tails.,四、作副词的用法,such as与as such的区别,as such的用法,(1)表示“按照某词通用的词义”“根据某词严格的词义”。eg：Its not an agreement as such,but it will have virtually the same effect as one.就协议的词义而言，它算不上是协定，但实际上起到了协定的作用。I cant call my book a best seller as suc
27、h but its very popular.我不敢说我的书是畅销书，但可以说很受欢迎。,(2)表示“就本身而论”。eg：Money as such will seldom bring happiness.金钱本身很少带来幸福。Money,as such,does not bring happiness.金钱本身并不给人带来快乐。,(3)表示“以某种身份(或资格)”“像所指的人(或事物)那样”。eg：She is a kind woman and is known as such.她是位好心肠的女人，这是大家知道的。He is the author of the article,but he
28、does not desire to be known as such.他是文章的作者，但他不想让人知道他是作者。,than的用法,than可以作介词、连词,一、than作介词：用于名词、代词前表比较,二、than作连词,Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _ Eastern Nebraska.(1996)in B.it receives in C.does D.it does in,The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great more luxurious than _.(1998)
29、is necessary being necessary to be necessary D.it is necessary,There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than _ in the public mind today.(1999)exists B.exist C.existing D.to exist,The experiment requires more money than _.(2002)A.have been put in B.being put in C.ha
30、s been put in D.to be put in,The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck,_ to the truck.(2003)A.the greater stress is B.greater is the stressC.the stress is greater D.the greater the stress,比较级的用法归纳（book3 unit9）,1.no more than not more than He has no more than fiv
31、e dollars on him.他身上仅有5美元。(强调少)He has not more than five dollars on him.他身上带的钱不超过5美元。(强调数额少于5美元),2、no more/better than not more/better thanHe is no more diligent than you.他不勤奋，你也不勤奋。(两人都不勤奋)(含有消极否定的意思)He is not more diligent than you.他没有像你那样勤奋。(两人都勤奋，但你更勤奋)(含有积极、肯定的意思，表示程度上的差异）,3、no other than=no le
32、ss than只有，正是。它常用来加强语气，多用于书面语。The London restaurateur Fu Tong quotes no other/less than an authority than Confucius.,4、“与其说，不如说”的表述,more thanIts more a poem than a picture.,not so much as I wasnt bothered by his loudness so much as his lack of talent.我不是被他的噪声打搅，而是因他缺乏天赋而生气。,The learning is not so much the acquisition of information as it is an investigation.,
