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1、New zealand,生物1122姜宗森孙文鞠丹崔雨婕,Geography,The Geographical Features:New Zealand is in the Southern Pacific Ocean,halfway between the equator and the South Pole.Itislocated within the Ring of Fire,a region encircling the Pacific Ocean where the movement of tectonic plates 板块 leads to volcanic and seismi
2、c5saIzmIk 地震 activity.(新西兰是南太平洋，位于赤道和南极。这是 位于内的火环，环绕在构造板块的运动导致的火山和地震活动的太平洋地区),It has two main islands:North Island and South Island.Mt Cook(库克山):the highest peak,3,754 meters high;Lake Taupo(陶波湖):the largest lake,covering 606 sq km;it is 40 km long and 27 km wide.In the surrounding area are numerous
3、 geysers and hot springs.The Clutha(该克卢撒):the largest river,336 km long in the South Island.,Large,long group of islands from North to SouthTwo main landmasses（陆地）:North IslandSouth IslandSeparated by the Cook Strait（库克海峡）Third largest Island is Stewart IslandSouth of South IslandCapital:Wellington(
4、惠灵顿）Largest City:Auckland（奥克兰）,The Land,North IslandVolcanoes(火山）MountainsSouth IslandMountain chainsLakes,rivers,inlets（入口）Cool,rainy,forested,Climate,The climate of New Zealand is generally temperate,but because the country runs northsouth,the climate is varied.,New zealands climate is dominated b
5、y two main geographical features-the sea and the mountains.Since the small landmass of New Zealand is surrounded by a large expanse of ocean,the climate of New Zealand is temperate oceanic,which means that the seasonal variations in New Zealand are much slighter than in continental countries.,Major
6、cities,wellington（惠灵顿）is the captial of new zealand.located at the southern tip of the north island,it is the worlds most southern captial.in terms of population,it is new zealands second largest city.Auckland(奥克兰）,located in the northern part of the north island Auckland,located in the northern par
7、t of the north island,is the largest city in new zealand.it has about 1.5 million inhabitants,one-third of the countrys entire population.in the maori language,auckland means the city of 100 lovers.it earned this name because it was a place desired by all and conquered by many.,History,Discovery Of
8、New ZealandNew Zealand as a Colony(作为一个殖民地)New Zealand as a Dominion(新西兰为自治领)New Zealand as a Realm(新西兰成为王国）,Discovery,The first inhabitants（第一批居民）,Polynesian（波利尼西亚）people,ancestors of the Maoris（毛利人）between around 700 and 2000 years ago cooperate,compete,fight with each otherdeveloped their distinc
9、t Moriori culture（不同的毛利人文化.）,The Dutch explorer,Abel Tasman The first European（阿贝尔塔斯曼）,during his voyage of 1642-43 Without setting foot ashore（上岸）crew（船员）killed.,New zealand as a Colony,Colony(18401907),The first significant voyage（航行）of discovery was undertaken by James Cook,who began extensive ex
10、ploraton of the islands in 1769.It was Cook（库克）who proved that New Zealand consisted of two islands.Cooks voyage eventually led to the european colonization of it.An increasing number of settlers came to New Zealand either to trade or to buy land for farming（越来越多的定居者来到新西兰的任何贸易或买地耕作）.,The captain Coo
11、k,New Zealand became a British colony:signing of the Treaty of Waitangi（签署怀唐伊条约）,In 1840,British representatives of the British Crown and chiefs of the native Maoris signed the Treaty of Waitangi.（1840，土著毛利人和英国代表英国王室的首领签署条约）,Contents of the treaty:（条约的内容）,The impact of the treaty on New Zealand now:
12、（条约在新西兰现在的影响）,New Zealand as a Dominion,From a colony to a dominion:,In 1907,New Zealand changed from a British colony to a separate dominion,equal in status to Australia and Canada.,Six stages of New Zealand as a Dominion,In 1907,from a British colony to a separate dominion(1907年,从英国殖民地独立的统治)During
13、 World War,New Zealand enthusiastically backed Britain and suffered large casualties.(第一次世界大战期间、新西兰热情地支持英国,遭受了巨大的人员伤亡)In the late 1920s,encountered economy problems and took measures to solve them.(在1920年代末,遇到经济问题和采取措施解决这些问题。)In world War once again suffered extraordinary casualties.(在世界大战再次遭受了非同寻常的
14、伤亡。),After world War,New Zealand entered into a period of sustained(持续的)economy growth,and it strengthened its relationship(关系)with the United States.In 1947,New Zealand was total independence from Britain.In1983,the term“dominion”was replaced with“realm”.,New Zealand signed the ANZUS Treaty（The Aus
15、tralia,New Zealand,United States Security Treaty澳新美公约)with the United States and Australia.,In 1951,New Zealand as a Realm,Nuclear Policy and David Russell Lange,Famous Prime Minister,Government,Independent StateConstitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy(君主立宪制和议会民主制)No written constituti
16、on,but the Constitution Act(宪法法案)of 1986 defines the structure of the government.Three branches of governmentLegislative(parliament)(立法(国会)Executive(departments and agencies)(主管(部门和机构)Judicial(courts)Head of State:Queen Elizabeth II(女王伊丽莎白二世),represented by a Governor-GeneralRole is mainly ceremonia
17、l,real political power is held by the Prime Minister who is head of the government(作用主要是礼仪,真正的政治权力是由总理举行的政府),The Legislature,Parliament(议会)developed from the British parliamentary system(英国议会制度称)known as the Westminster system(威斯敏斯特体系)of government,and is the law-making body of the New Zealand gover
18、nment.Consists of Sovereign(君主)and House of Representatives(众议院),The executive,-The branch of the New Zealand government is made of the Cabinet,the Prime Minister and the public sector.(新西兰政府的分支是由内阁,首相和公共部门)-The Governor General is appointed by the Sovereign on the Prime Ministers recommendation for
19、 a term of five years.(总督任命的主权在总理的推荐词的五年),The judiciary,The Judiciary applies the law by hearing and deciding cases.It is made up of judges and judicial officersThejudiciary(courtsystem)isindependentofthegovernment,People,As mentioned earlier,New Zealand is a multi-ethnic country,including the Pacif
20、ic people(from)the Pacific,Asia,the Middle East,Latin America,Europe,and the local Maori.New Zealand people warm and friendly,most people prefer outdoor activities.(如前所述，新西兰是一个多种族国家，其中包括太平洋人（来自太平洋地区），亚洲、中东、拉美、欧洲人、以及当地的毛利人。新西兰人热情友好，大部分人喜爱户外运动),Maori,Indigenous people14.6%of the population in 2006Most
21、 live now in urban areasKinship and tribal role still very important,Ecology and Economy,No land mammals(哺乳动物)until 1,000 years agoLots of flightless(不会飞的)birdsKiwi bird(奇异鸟)Livestock(牲畜)important to economy.SheepAgriculture also importantKiwi-fruitForestry(林业),Fishing,Geoenergy(地表热能)Less than 4 mil
22、lion consumers,so economy dependent on exportsService provider,consulting,Languages,Both English and Maori are official languages of New Zealand.In april 2006 New Zealand become the first country to declare sign language as an official language,alongside English and Maori.(英语和毛利语是新西兰的官方语言。在四月2006新西兰
23、成为第一个宣布手语作为官方语言的国家，除了英语和毛利。)Maori is only used in New Zealand and nowhere else in the world.despite its official status,the language continues to struggle for life.It is only recently that the Maori language has gathered widespread support.（毛利仅用于在新西兰和世界官方地位没有别的语言，继续奋斗的生活。直到最近，毛利人的语言已聚集了广泛的支持）,Educat
24、ion,EducationinNewZealand Educationisfreelyavailabletoeveryone.Nearlyallschoolsarerunbythe stae.Allthesepublicschoolaresecular(长期的)(noreligionistaught)andfreeNew Zealand offers a wide range of early childhood agencies,namely kindergratens,play centers,preschools,etc.(新西兰提供了一个广泛的幼教机构，即kindergratens，活
25、动中心，幼儿园，等。)Schooling in New Zealand is compulsory for all children agrd 6 to 16.Most children start at age 5.New Zealand secondary education covers Years 9 to 13.Most secondarschools are government-established.Tertiary education institutions in New Zealand include universities of technology and polytechnics,colleges,Maori tertiary educational institutions and various training establishments(新西兰的高等教育机构包括科技大学和理工学院，学院，毛利高校和各种培训机构)New Zealand is internationally recognized as a provider of qualified tercher.(新西兰是国际公认的提供合格的老师),THANK YOU,
