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1、名词性从句,基本概念:名词性从句是相当于名词的句子在句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语,因此分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。,1、主语从句(1)引导主语从句的关联词有三类:从属连词that(不充当句子成分,没有词汇意义)That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.从属连词whether“是否”(不能使用if)Whether he will come here is not clear.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever
2、whatever,whichever,whoever=anyone who whatever=anything that whichever=anythat),Examples:Who will give the speech is not known yet.Who the prize will be given to is not decided yet.Whose room it is is clear.What he said at the meeting was true.What he said at the meeting is not known yet.Which(one)y
3、ou like has nothing to do with me.Whoever comes is welcome.Whatever I have is at your service.Whichever(of you)comes first will receive a prize.Whichever you want is yours.,连接副词where,when,how,why.Where the meeting will be held depends on the weather.When they are leaving is being discussed.How this
4、happened is not clear to anyone.Why he was absent yesterday was that he was ill at home.,(2)主语从句常用it作形式主语的有,It+be+形容词(obvious,true natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc)+that-It is probable that he told her everything.It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honour,a good thing
5、,a pity,no surprise,etc)+that-It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,suggested)+that-.It is announced in todays newspaper that Bush will pay a visit to China next week.,It+seems/appears,happens 等不及物动词及短语+that-It h
6、appened that I was out that day.It doesnt matter(makes no differences etc)+连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句It makes no differences where we shall have the meeting.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,用it 作形式主语.How strange it is that they are so quiet.,2._we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What,what B.What,that C.That,that D.That,w
7、hat,_ you dont like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether,that 不充当任何成分,what 充当宾语,Consolidation,3._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where4._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever,whoever=any
8、one who 凡者,5._ wants to do computer students should sign _on this paper.A.Who,his name B.The one who,her name C.Those who,their name D.Whoever,their names,6._is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It,it 作形式主语,7.It worried her a bit _ her hair wa
9、s turning grey.A.while B.that C.if D.for,8._ seems strange to us is _ the troublesome boy is getting along well with all his teachers.A.It,that B.What,how C.It,how D.What,that,what 作主语,充当成分,9.It was only when I reread his poems recently_I began to appreciate their beauty.A.until B.that C.then D.so,1
10、0.It was about 600 years ago_the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A.that B.until C.before D.when,1.I remember_this used to be a quite village.A.when B.how C.where D.what,2.-Do you know _Mr Blacks address is?-He may live at No.18 or No.19 of Bridge Street.Im not sure_ A.what,which B.
11、where,which C.where,what D.what,where,宾语从句：,3.A computer can only do_you have instructed it to do.(2001)A.how B.after C.what D.when,4.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever,5.These wild flowers are so special that I would do_I ca
12、n to save them.A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever,6.-My foot hurts terribly,doctor.-Well,I wonder _it has been like this.A.since when B.since then C.how D.when,7.-Do you remember_he came?-Yes,I do.he came by car.A.where B.how C.that D.if,8.Please tell me_you would like to have your coffee-black o
13、r white.A.what B.where C.when D.how,9.Those children are wild.I feel sorry for _ has to be their babysitter.A.whoever B.who C.whomever D.someone,The question is who can complete the difficult task.He looks as if he was going to cry.The question is whether the film is worth seeing.,表语从句,1.-I drove to
14、 ZhuHai for the air show last week.-Is that _you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.where,2._she couldnt understand was_fewer and fewer students showed their interest in her lessons.A.what,why B.That,what C.what,because D.why,that,3.The reason_their failure you know is _they didnt get fully pr
15、epared for the experiment?A.why,that B.that,why C.for,that D.why,become,4.Go and get your coat.Its _you left it.A.there B.where C.there where D.where there,5.That is _I was born and grew up?A.there B.in which C.where D.the place,6.-I rang you at about ten,but there was no reply.-Oh,that was probably
16、 _I was seeing the doctor.A.when B.why C.what D.that,7.Air is to us_water is to fish.A.that B.what C.where D.how,A is to B what C is to DA之于B犹如C 之于D,同位语从句：,引导同位语从句的名词主要有 fact,news,promise,idea,truth,hope,question,belief,suggestion,thought,order,problem,fear,doubt,etc.连接词用that(不能省)不用 which，还用how,when
17、,where,why,whether（不用if）etc.,Eg:1.Where did you get the idea that I could not come?2.Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.3.I have no idea whether he will come or not.4.The question who should do the work requires consideration.5.We havent settled the question where
18、 we are going to spend our summer vacation.,练习：Information has been put forward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as2.Tom left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A who B that C as D which 3.There is a feeling in me _ w
19、e will never know what a UFO is-not ever.A that B which C of which D what,1.名词性从句考点 1、引导词 that 与 what；that 与 whether；if 与 whether；what 与 how等的区别；2、名词性从句的时态和语序问题；3、名词性从句的语气问题；4、同位语从句与定语从句的比较区别。,1、名词性从句的引导词问题问题1：Great changes have taken place in that school.It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago,_ it w
20、as so poorly equipped.（05安徽卷）A.what;when B.that;which C.what;which D.which;that,前句考查的是 that 与 what 的区别。that 在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，而 what 可充当名词性的成分。前句的表语从句中还缺少表语，故只能用 what。后句是定语从句，修饰 20 years ago，所以须用 when。,问题2：1)What the doctors really doubt is _my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(上海2001)
21、A.when B.if C.whether D.why2)Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _it is rough or smooth.（05天津卷）A.不填 B.whether C.how D.what,在名词性从句中表示“是否”这一概念时，连词 if 一般只能引导宾语从句，而题1是表语从句，故不能选B；注意doubt 的用法，如果是肯定句，用 whether，如果是否定句，用 that。宾语从句中，以下情况只用 whether 不用 if：与 or 连用时；后接不定式短语时；在 decide;b
22、e sure 等动词后。,问题3：_ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(MET1988)A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who,whoever 引导名词性从句时表示“无论哪一个”，相当于 anyone who；who 引导名词性从句时表示带有疑问的“谁”。根据该题的意思不难作出选择。选项A,B后都缺少了 who，而引导定语从句的 who 是不能省略的。同时还需要注意 whoever 与 no matter who;whatever 与 no matter what 等的区别。wh-ever
23、既可引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而 no matter wh-只能引导状语从句。,问题4：1)I was surprised by her words,which made me recognize _ silly mistakes I had made.（05湖南卷）A.what B.that C.how D.which 2)Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future.（04广东）A.that B.howC.such D.so,what 与 how 引导感叹句时，w
24、hat 后加名词，how 后加形容词和副词。其结构为：What+(a)+(adj.)+n.但要注意在 what 后不能加表示数量的 many;much;few;little 等词。How+adj.+(a)+(n.)，要注意的是 how 后的名词只能为单数名词。题1中是复数名词，只能用 what；题2中的正常语序是 education is important to their，所以选B。,1、Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today.(05北京卷)A.arent;areB.arent;were C.were
25、nt;areD.werent;were 2、Hurry up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.Oh!I thought they _ without me.(05江西卷)Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone,当主句的动词为现在和将来时态时，名词性从句中的动作根据所发生的时间来定，可以有各种时态；当主句的动词为过去时态时，从句中的动作一般都要使用相应的过去时，除非表示客观真理。,2、名词性从句中的时态问题,1、Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and
26、 see _.(全国2000)A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is 2、The photographs will show you _（MET1989）A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like,名词性从句中都用陈述语序，不用倒装语序。题1中的干扰项是B，对想要知道的人提问或应答都用 it 而不用人称代词 he,I,you 等。题2
27、只要注意是介词宾语就行了。,3、名词性从句中的语序问题,4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气 A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词 suggest,order,demand,request,desire,insist,require,decide,determine,advise,recommend,deserve(值得提及)后需用 should 型的虚拟语气。,The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock.A.finished B.be finished C.should finish D.finish2.-What did the doctor
28、say about your mothers illness?-He suggested that she _ an operation at once.A.must haveB.hadC.haveD.had had,B、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：It is suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)do It is important,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperative that+(should)do It
29、is a pity,a shame,no wonder that+(should)do,1.Is it necessary that he _ the examination?A.takesB.has to takeC.must takeD.take2.It is strange that he _ you this.A.would tell B.should tell C.had told D.has told,C、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在 suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（s
30、hould）+动词原形。My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.,1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.A.try B.tries C.must try D.can try,5、it 作形式主语或形式宾语的问题 问题1：1、_ is a fact that English is being accepted as
31、an international language.(NMET1995)A.There B.This C.That D.It2、I like_ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.（04全国I）A thisB that C itD one 3、The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.（05全国卷1）Athat Bit Cthis Dhim,主语、宾语从句常用先行词 it 代替，而将其置于句末。但由 wha
32、tever,whoever 引导的主语从句一般不用 it 代替。,6、其它需要注意的几个问题在 think,believe,suppose,expect,guess 等动词后的否定 前移问题；2）在 hope,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,think,expect,tell,say,fear 以及 be afraid 等词语后，可用 so 代替一个宾语从句(指代上文涉及之事)。3）记住同位语从句的“先行词”，如：“advice,belief(信念),doubt(怀疑),fact,fear,hope,idea,knowledge,news,order,problem,question,remark(意见),reply,report,suggestion,thought(想法),wish,”等。4）同位语从句与定语从句的区别,good-bye,
