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1、基本句型 四（主谓间宾 直宾）,共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。,（及物）O间接宾语 O直接宾语（常用于人）（常用于物）She passed him a new dress.She cooked her a delicious meal.He bought you a dictionary.I told her nothing.,间接宾语,间接宾语：表示动作对谁或为谁做的，一般是人。Eg.Lucy passed him a pen.(动作pass是为him做的）My mother gave me some mon
2、ey on Sunday.(动作gave是为me做的。）,直接宾语,直接宾语：表示动作的承受着Eg.He gave me a book.(book才是gave的承受着）I teach you English.（English 才是teach 的承受着）,翻译练习,I gave him a hand.我给他搭了一把手。John sent Mary some flowers.约翰送了许多花给玛丽。He gives me some seeds.他给我一些种子。Mr.Johnson taught us German last year.约翰森去年教我们德语。He gave Tom a present.
3、他给汤姆一件礼物.We sent them a telegram.我们给他们打了个电报。,妈妈在家教我做饭。他借给我一些钱。音乐老师教我们弹琴。请把我的笔还给我。她给我带来了一个鸡蛋。他妈妈把钥匙给他了。请把作业给我看。她送给那个小孩一个玩具。妈妈给我买了一本故事。老师上课的时候给我们讲了一个故事。,Find the difference,He bought me a gift.He bought a gift for me.She gave me a pen.She gave a pen to me.,To 与 For 的区别,for:侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人 make、buy、ge
4、t、play、order、sing、pay、buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare to:侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人 give、show、send、bring、read、pass、lend、tell、return、write、throw、promise、refuse bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,间接宾语的位置,1.She made me a cake.2.He
5、gave me a new bicycle.间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前 1.She made it for me.2.I pass it to my mother.当直接宾语是人称代词时，间接宾语位于直接宾语之后，这时在间接宾语前必须加 to 或 for。,被动语态,We sent them a telegram.We sent a telegram to them.被动语态：A：They were sent a telegram.他们收到了一份电报。B：A telegram was sent to them.一份电报发给了他们。,Practice,Grandma told me an in
6、teresting story last night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.Shall I call you a taxi?The new machine will save you a lot of labour.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.,She ordered herself a new dress.She cooked her husband a de
7、licious meal.He brought you a dictionary.He denies her nothing.I showed him my pictures.I gave my car a wash.,直接宾语的变式,（及物）O间接宾语 疑问词+to do（常用于人）He showed me how to run the machine.I told him what to do.He asked me why to sing this song.She asked me which way to go.,He showed me how to run the machine
8、.I dont know what to do.,I told him that the bus was late.,主语,谓语,间接宾语,直接宾语,宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子,宾语从句的构成,I knew that the bus was late.We are talking about what well do next.I am not sure whether they will leave.宾语从句位于及物动词，介词和形容词后，充当复合句中的宾语。表示情感的形容词：sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisf
9、ied,sorry,主语,谓语,连接词,简单句,宾语从句的连接词,从属连词：that whether if连接代词：who whom whose which what whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词：when where why how,That,The teacher knows that he doesnt know the answer.We are clear that the sun rises in the east.I believe that you have tried your best.that 在从句中不担任句子成分，无实际意义.2)在表“
10、要求，命令，建议，坚持”的动词insist,suggest,request,propose,advise,demand,order等后面that 引导的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should 可省略 He suggested that we(should)start early tomorrow.His pale face suggested that he was ill.,Whether/if,We are worried about whether he is safe.I dont know whether he will come or not.They ha
11、vent decided whether to stay.They discussed whether he can finish the work in this way.Discuss，介词，or not,不定式 用 whether.I asked her whether/if she had a bike.,连接代词,在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语we dont know who did this.We dont know whom he is talking to.We dont know which book he chose.We dont know whose car it
12、is.We dont know what he did.You can do whatever you want to do.You can choose whichever you like.,连接副词,在从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式状语。He goes there yesterday by bike because it rains.We know where he goes.We know when he goes there.We know how he goes there.We know why he goes there.,宾语从句的时态,A1:He says that he
13、 finished his homework yesterday.A2:He says that he will finish his homework tomorrow.A3:He says that he finishes his homework today.主句是现在时或将来时，从句时态不受影响。,主句是过去时态，从句时态改为相应的过去的某种时态。,A1:He says that he finished his homework yesterday.B1:He said that he had finished his homework the day before.一般过去时改为过去
14、完成时。A2:He says that he will finish his homework tomorrow.B2:He said that he would finish his homework the day after.一般将来时改为过去将来时。A3:He says that he finishes his homework today.B3:He said that he finished his homework that day.一般现在时改为一般过去时。,He says that the sun rises in the east.He said that the sun
15、rises in the east.从句表示客观事实、自然现象或真理时，时态为一般现在时。,It 作形式宾语,回顾：形式主语 It+be+adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.1.It is important for students to study hard.2.It is difficult for them to finish the work.及物动词+it+n/adj+that 从句 动词有：find,consider,think,feel,believe,make I have made it clear that I will not go to school.H
16、e made it a rule to read English everyday.习惯上在从句前加形式宾语itEnjoy,love,like,hate,appreciate,take,hide,see to,insist on,depend on,rely on I hate it when people talk with mouth full.,That 的省略,动词后连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其余的一般不能省略。I believe(that)you have tried your best and that things will be all right.
17、主句谓语和宾语从句之间有插入语时，that 不能省略 He said,believe it or not,that he is a millionaire.,8.He made a promise he would help me.A.what B.when C.that D.which9.I remember this used to be a quiet village.A.how B.when C.where D.what10.It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever,
