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1、Direct speech and indirect speech,引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是直接引用别人的原句，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。she said:I like English very much.直接引语直接引语形成步骤：只需将原话放在引号之中，不做任何改动。没有时态呼应问题引用原话前可以用逗号，也可以用冒号引号内直接引语的第一个单词的第一个字母要大写,间接引语,He said:I am not your friend.直接引语He said that he was not my friend.间接引语间接引语形成步骤：不要逗号
2、，冒号，引号要考虑人称的变化（与汉语一致）要考虑时态变化要考虑时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化,1.时态的变化,如果主句的时态事现在的时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时）或将来时，间接引语中的时态不变。如果主句的时态是过去的时态（主句是过去时），间接引语中的时态要变为相应的过去时态。请看下表所表示的变化：,He said,your young brother broke it.一般过去时He said that my young brother had broken it.过去完成时He said:I have lived in Beijing since 1950.现在完成时He s
3、aid that he had lived in Beijing since 1950.过去完成时,2.时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化,now then;today that day;tonight that night;this week(month,year)that week(month,year);two days(years)ago two days(years)before;the day before yesterday two days before;yesterday the day before;last week(month,year)the week(month,y
4、ear)before;tomorrow the next day;next week(month,year)the next week(month,year),3.引用的句子是陈述句和疑问句时,此时间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句，当然更需要注意人称及状语的变化。she said to me,I like English very much.she said(that)she liked English very much.Mike asked me,When their plane would land?Mike asked me when their plane would land
5、.,3.引用的句子是祈使句,此时间接引语改用不定式表示主句动词根据原意可以用ask,want,tell,order,promise表示，而原祈使句改为不定式。The commander ordered:Keep silent!The commander ordered the soldiers to keep silent.The teacher said:Dont be late again.The teacher told the students not to be late again.,4.引用的句子是感叹句,可以仍然使用How,what等词，语序不变，也可使用that把他变成宾语从
6、句.主要动词say 可改为cry,shout.感叹句变为间接引语时，可以加上适当的修饰词，如with delight（高兴）,with a sigh（叹息）等we said,what a clever monkey it is!we said what a clever monkey it was.=we said that it was a clever monkey.,5.间接引语和直接引语注意事项,1.间接引语中时态仍不改变的情况有时主句的动词是过去的时态，但间接引语中的时态仍不变（1）表示一般真理，间接引语时态不变（用一般现在时）He asked;which star is the b
7、iggest?He asked which star is the biggest.(2)强调动作或状态现在仍然存在时Just now John said:My son is ill today.John told me just now that his son is ill today.,(3).如果直接引语中一般过去时与表示过去特定时间的状语连用时，间接引语的时态不变。LiMing said:I was born in 1946 and joined the army in 1966.LiMing said that he was born in 1946 and joined the
8、army in1966.,人称的变化,(口诀)“一主，二宾，三不变”。(“一”指从句的第一人称，“主”是指主句的主语，在变为间接引语时，从句的第一人称与主句的主语要一致，“二”指从句的第二人称，“宾”是指主句的宾语，在变为间接引语时，从句的第二人称与主句的宾语要一致，“三”指从句的第三人称，在变为间接引语时不变)。如：“I like these better than she does,”he said to me.He told me that he liked those better than she did.,主句动词的使用,用间接引语时，主句动词除了使用say,tell,ask外，只
9、要意思上允许，尽可能用别的动词，如：admit，agree,greet,reply,request,order,wonder promise,explain,declare声明,否定的一般疑问句的变化,把否定的一般疑问句变为间接引语时，用whetheror not He said:Dont you know Im one of you?He asked us whether we know he was one of us or not.,would you please如何变为间接引语,只要把人称做相应变化，同时把would 和please去掉即可。如：主语+ask+宾语+不定式would
10、you like to have lunch with me tomorrow?he asked.He asked me to have lunch with him the next day.,练一练,一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1.“I am having supper,”he said.He said that _ _ having supper.2.“Ive seen the film,”Gina said to me.Gina _ me that she _ _ the film.3.“I went home with my sister,”she said.She s
11、aid that _ _ _ home with her sister.1.he,was。在直接引语变为间接引语时，代词I要变为he；主句为过去时态，宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个，即现在进行时am having变为过去进行时was having。2.told,had,seen。直接引语中的said to sb在变为间接引语时应改为told sb；现在完成时have seen改为过去完成时had seen。3.she,had,gone。直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词I 应变为she；一般过去时went改为过去完成时had gone。,4.The teacher said,“The sun i
12、s bigger than the moon.”The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon.5.“I met her yesterday,”he said to me.He told me that he _ met her the day _.6.“You must come here before five,”he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.4.is。直接引语变为间接引语时，若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变。5.had,before。直接引语是一般过去时me
13、t，变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时had met；时间状语yesterday应改为the day before(from)。6.had,there。如直接引语中的谓语动词含有情态动词must，变为间接引语时用had to；地点状语here 相应地改为there。,二、将直接引与改为间接引语1He said:“Ive left my book in my room.”2She said:“He will be busy.”3She said to Tom,“Can you help me?”4She asked,“Is this book yours or his?”5The teacher asked,“how did you repair it?”,1 He told me that he had left his book in his room.2 She said that he would be busy.3 She asked Tom if/whether he could help her.4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.,
