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1、Direct Speech and Reported Speech,直接引语变为间接引语,Direct speech:Tom says,I am late.What did Tom say?Reported speech:Tom said he was late.,Notes:,直接引语:说话人直接引用别人的原话例：She said,“I am late.”间接引语:说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来例：She said she was late.当直接引语变为间接引语时:1.陈述句，注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及动词等的变化。2.疑问句，除了和陈述句相同的那些注意事项外，还
2、应根据不同问句在语序及疑问词上作相应变化。3.祈使句，变为相应的动词不定式形式。4.由what或how引起的感叹句,变为间接引语时可以用that引导，其它变化与陈述句直接引语变间接引语相同,人称的变化,人称：一随主，二随宾，三不变若是自引自的话， 听者不变人称不变。“一随主”指在直接引语中的第一人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的主语在人称上保持一致。如： He sad，“I am forty，”He said that he was forty“二随宾”指直接引语中的第二人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的间接宾语保持人称一致。如： He said，“Are you coming tomorrow？
3、”He asked me if I was coming the next day“三不变”指直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。如： He said，“Is she an English teacher？”He asked if she was an English teacher另外注意直接引语为复数，引述者主语为单数，间接引语主语相应变复数。如： He said，“Are you interested in English？”He asked me/us if I was/we were interested in English,时态的变化,当主句是过去时时，从句要得变为相应
4、的过去时态，变化规律如下： 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时（时态不变） 过去进行时 过去进行时（时态不变）,从句时态在什么情况下不需要变化？,(1) 直接引语的内容如果说的是客观真理, 变为间接引语时, 时态不变。如:He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.(2) 直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，在变为间接引语时，一般过去时通
5、常不变。如:He said, “I was born in Beijing in 1990.” Hesaid that he was born in Beijing in 1990.(3) 主句为一般现在时, 直接引语变为间接引语时, 时态通常不变。如:He says, “Tom is good at Chinese.”He says that Tom is good at Chinese.,(4) 直接引语有以since或when引导的表示过去时间的状语从句, 在变为间接引语时，从句的一般过去时保持不变，但其主句的谓语动词则要改为过去完成时。She said, “Ive worked her
6、e since I finished school.”She said that she had worked there since she finished school.(5) 当直接引语是名人名言或谚语时，从句时态不变。He said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”He said where there is a will，there is a way.,指示代词、地点状语的变化,this thatthesethosehere there,时间状语的变化,nowthentodaythat dayagobeforethis mornin
7、gthat morningYesterdaythe day before tomorrowthe next daynext weekthe following week/the next weekYesterday morningthe morning before,谓语动词的变化,musthave tocomego bringtake,疑问句的变化,1.直接引语是否定的一般疑问句时, 变成间接引语通常用whether(if) or not作连词，其它变化与陈述句直接引语变间接引语相同。如：He said, “Dont you know Im one of you?” He asked whe
8、ther we knew he was one of us or not.,2.,一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为间接引语时要注意： 1）改为陈述句语序。 2）人称代词、时态等也要变化。 3）主句谓语动词为said时，换为asked。,直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语中用whether或if引导；直接引语为特殊问句时，间接引语中仍用原来的疑问词。,For example:,“Did you see her last week?” he said.He asked if I had seen her the week before.He asked, “How did you find it, mot
9、her?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.“Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.“Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days.,how,had,she,whether,I,lived,where,I,had,those,3.若直接引语是反意疑问句, 变成间接引语通常用whether或if作连词，其它变化与陈述句直接引语变间接引语相同。 如：He said to
10、 her, “You have passed the exam, havent you?” He asked her whether / if she had passed the exam.“Tom didnt like sports, did he?” he said. He asked whether / if Tom liked sports.,4.若直接引语是选择疑问句, 变成间接引语用whether作连词, 其它变化与陈述句直接引语变间接引语相同。如：“Will she accept or refuse the offer?” he wondered.He wondered whe
11、ther she would accept or refuse the offer.,祈使句的变化,祈使句变成间接引语时，根据说话人的语气分别用tell、ask、order、beg等作谓语，将原来的祈使句改为动词不定式。 1）said（to）改为asked（或told，ordered）； 2）said to的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语； 3）在动词原形前加to，使之成为动词不定式； 4）去掉please; 5) 直接引语若是否定句的，变为间接引语时在不定式前加not. 6)直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词（或从句）”,For exa
12、mple:,1. Open the door,please.She said. She asked me to open the door.2. It says,No smoking here. It told us not to smoke there.,感叹句的变化,直接引语是由what或how引起的感叹句时,变为间接引语时可以用that引导，其它变化与陈述句直接引语变间接引语相同。如：,“What a lovely day it is!” he said. He said that it was a lovely day.“How wonderful the performance is
13、!” she said. She said that the performance was wonderful.,请将下列直接引语变为间接引语,1. “Im glad to receive your e-mail,” he said. He saidglad to receieve e-mail.2. He said to me, “Are you going home this weekend?” He me going homeweekend.3. “How do you like the food here?” she said. She _ _how _ _the food _.4.
14、 She said to me, “Dont ride in the street.”She _ me _ _ride in the street.,he,was,my,asked,if,I,was,that,asked,me,I,like,there,asked,not,to,5. Murphy: I can sleep late everyday. He said he _sleep late everyday. 6. Mrs. Kosky: My son will go bowling. She said her son _go bowling. 7. Iris: Erika is go
15、ing to the dance. She said she _to the dance. 8. Lissa: Im excited about going on vacation. She said she _excited about going on vacation. 9. Homeroom Teacher: You can have a party. She said we _have a party.,could,would,was,going,was,could,10. Lana said, “Im mad at Marcia.” Lana said _ _ mad at Mar
16、cia.11. He said to me, “I will call you tomorrow.” He _ me _ _ call _ the next day.12. They said, “We are having a meeting.” They said _ _having a meeting.13. She said, “I go to school every Monday.” She said _ _ to school every Monday.14. My sister said to me, “Im going to help you.” My sister _ me
17、 _ _going to help _.15. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news.,she,was,told,he,would,me,they,were,she,went,told,she,was,me,not,to,tell,把下列句子变为直接引语。,1.I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it. I said to him, “I have lost my money and I will find it.”2.
18、She asked whether I would be free the next day or not.She asked, “Wont you be free tomorrow?” 3. I asked her where she was going and what she was going to do the next day. I asked her, “Where are you going and what are you going to do tomorrow?”4. The stranger asked me what my name is.The stranger said to me, “Whats your name?”5. She said that she would finish her work the next day. “Ill finish my work tomorrow,” she said.,Goodbye!,
