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1、第四章：句子翻译技巧（上）,教学目的：要求熟练理解句子的翻译技巧，从而在英汉翻译时做到通顺、准确。教学内容：1.增词法省译法词类转换正说反译、反说正译法翻译练习1、2,By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear,to make it more like the language translated into.Of course words thus supplied must indispensabl
2、e either syntactically or semantically.In other words,a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to the original.There are two kinds:1)Words for syntactic constructionto secure correctness,2)Words supplied for semantic completionto secure clearness.Both aim at making the version expressive and
3、readily understood by the reader.,Amplification(增词法),1、增加动词,1).Reading makes a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.,读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记（写作）使人准确。,2).We dont regret,we never have and never will.,我们不会后悔，我们从来没有后悔过，我们将来也不会后悔。,3).After the basketball,he still has an important conference.
4、,看完篮球比赛之后，他还有一个重要会议要参加。,2.增加形容词或副词,1).With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!,中国人民正以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！,人群渐渐（地）散开了。,2).The crowds melted away.,他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。,3).As he sat down and began talking,words poured out.,4).She lingered long over his letter.,5).In the films of those
5、days,all too often it was the same one:boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver;they fall in love and drive tractor together.,在那时候的电影里，总是老一套：男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手开始相遇，然后相爱，最后并肩开拖拉机了。,她反反复复地回味着他的来信。,玛丽的丈夫癌症去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。,2).Mary washed for a living after her husband died of cancer.,3).He ate and drank,for
6、he was exhausted.,他吃了点东西，喝了点酒，因为他疲惫不堪了。,3.增加名词,1).First you borrow,then you beg.,头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭。,4).That black jacket is indeed cheap and fine.,那件黑夹克真是价廉物美。,5).He was wrinkled and black,with scant gray hair.,他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀疏。,6).A new kind of carsmall,cheapis attracting increasing attention.,一种新型轿车正越
7、来越引起人们的注意这种轿车体积小，价钱便宜。,由例4、5、6可见，均在形容词前增加名词，从而使译文更具体，更符合译语习惯。,7).His arrogance made everyone dislike him.,他的傲慢态度使谁也不喜欢他。,8).After all preparations were made,the planes were flown across the U.S.to San Francisco.,一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞越美国去了旧金山。,由例7、8可以看出，某些动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词，翻译时可以根据上下文在其后面增添适当的名词，使译文更符合规范。又如：,t
8、o persuade 说服 persuasion说服工作to prepare 准备 preparation准备工作backward 落后 backwardness落后状态tense 紧张 tension紧张局势arrogant 自满 arrogance自满情绪mad 疯狂 madness 疯狂行为antagonistic敌对 antagonism 敌对态度,4.增加代词,1).小不忍则乱大谋。,If one is not patient in small thing,one will never be able to control great ventures.,2).交出翻译之前，必须读几
9、遍，看看有没有要修改的地方，这样你才能把工作做好。（钟述孔英汉翻译手册）,Before handing in your translation,you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.Only thus can you do your work well.(Zhong Shukong,A Handbook of Translation),He who makes no investigation and study has no
10、right to speak.,3).没有调查就没有发言权。,当然了，例还可以认为是增补主语“he”。又如：“又要马儿跑得快,又要马儿不吃草,简直可笑。”,You want the horse to run fast and yet you dont let it graze.Isnt it ridiculous!,Dont put your hands in your pockets.,4).别把手搁在口袋里。,5).一天天冷起来了。,It is getting colder day by day.,6).学好英语不容易，但是如果你坚持下去，最终一定 能学好。(2008年NECCS第90题
11、Level B),It was not easy to learn English well,but if you persist,you will succeed in the end.,7).把钟拆开比把它装起来容易。It is easier to take a clock apart than to put it together again.,5、增加语气词或量词,汉语有许多语气助词，如“的”、“吧”、“呢”、“啊”、“呀”、“嘛”、“吗”、“啦”、“了”不同的语气词可以发挥不同的作用，英汉互译时需用心体验，以期译出从意义和修辞色彩等都符合的译文。同时，英语中的数词（包括不定冠词a）与
12、可数名词直接连用，它们之间并无量词，而汉语往往要借助量词。因此英译汉时，应根据实际情况恰当地增加表示其形状、特征或材料的名量词。,不要生气嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。,1).Dont get angry.Im just making fun of you.,3).They(the eyes)were the same colour as the sea,cheerful and undefeated.,2).As for me,I didnt agree from the very beginning.,我呢，从一开始就不赞成。,那双眼睛啊，像海水一样的蓝，令人愉快，毫不沮丧。,4).A red
13、sun is rising slowly on the horizon.,一轮红日正从地平线上冉冉升起。,How time flies!时间过得真快啊！What a leader he was!他真实一位出类拔萃的领袖阿！,5).A stream was winding its way through the valley in into the Dadu river.,一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到大渡河去了。,6).Once,they had a quarrel.,有一次，他们争吵了一番。,从例7、8、9可见，英语中有些动词或动作名词，译成汉语时常需增加一些表示行为、动作的动量词。又如：ha
14、ve a rest 休息一下;make a stop停一下.,8).Seeing is believing.,百闻不如一见。,9).The essence remains its identity while appearances may vary.,万变不离其宗。,White clouds float over the blue sky.Can you manage without help?I dare say that the Chinese way of reforms is more characteristic and effective than others.In gener
15、al,all the metals are good conductors,with silver the best and copper the second.Dont be weaving.He was wrinkled and black,with scant gray hair.“How shall I do it?”“Just as you wish!”He felt the patriot rise within his breast.,蓝蓝的天上漂浮着朵朵白云。如果没有人帮忙，你能应付的了吗？我认为，中国的改革方式比别国的改革方式更富有特色、更卓有成效。一般说来，金属都是良好的导
16、体，其中以银为最好，铜次之。不要三心二意。他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀疏。这事儿我该怎么办才好？你想怎么办，就怎么办。他感到一种爱国热情在心中荡漾。,Ladies and gentlemen,Allow me to say a few words of welcome to our Russian friends.On behalf of the Kangding Foreign Affairs Office and my colleagues,I would like to extend a warm welcome to all the guests present here.Than
17、k you for your presence at this banquet.There is a popular saying in China:“Isnt it a great pleasure to have friends from afar?”as you know,China is great country with a long history and ancient culture.While you are staying here in Kangding,you will have an opportunity to visit the historical sights of this city,you may get to know its people and its well-known culture.I wish your visit a great success.Here now I would like to propose a toast:to the friendship of the Chinese and American peoples,lets bottoms up!,请口译下列材料：,
