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1、The use of“It”,1.it作人称代词的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到 的事物，以避免重复:Ningbo is a beautiful city,isnt it?1.2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Is this your dog？No,it isnt.1.3.也可指抽象事物:It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that,2.非人称代词itit有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境等，称为非人称的it：2.1.指天气：It is a lovely day,isnt it?It is
2、a bit windy.2.2.指时间:It was nearly midnight when she came back.2.3.指环境:It was very quiet in the caf.,2.4.指距离：It is half an hours walk to the city centre.,.引导词it1.It is+被强调部分+that.,使用该句型有以下几点请注意：强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数.It was yesterday that I met your father in the street,不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、wh
3、en等连词.It was in the street that I met your father yesterday,被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。It was your father that/whom/who I met in the street yesterday2)It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday强调句中 也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。It is they who are our friendsIt was not until
4、ten oclock that we got home last night,注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is wasthat为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。比较：1)It was ten oclock when we got home last night我们昨晚到家时已十点了。2)It was at ten oclock that we got home last night我们昨晚是在十点到家的。,要点点拔,第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉it was和that后，只能组成“We got home ten
5、 oclock last night”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when,2.It is not until+被强调部分+that.该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是 not.until.的强调形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film sta
6、r.=I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.,3.it 用作形式主语3.1 代替主语从句1）It is+adj.+that从句 It is clear(obvious，true，possible certain.)that.“清楚（显然，真的，肯定）”It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.It is important(necessary，right，strange，natural.)that.that 后的
7、从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。It is important that we(should)learn English well.,3.2.作形式主语替代不定式 1).It takes sb.to do sth.做要花费某人 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.2).It is kind(of sb.)to do sth.主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有：bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel
8、，foolish，stupid，wise wrong等。这个句型可以改写为：sb.is kind to do sth.。It is kind of you to say so.=You are kind to say so.3).It is necessary(for sb.)to do sth.常见的形容词有：important，necessary，natural easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult,dangerous，等。在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：It is important for her to come to the party.
9、=It is important that she(should)come to the party.,2）.It is+v-ed+that 从句 It is said(reported，learned.)that.据说（据报道，据悉）“。It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is suggested(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded.)that.主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should 可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令）It is sug
10、gested that the meeting(should)be put off.,3）.It is a pity(a shame.)that.that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing(should)happen in your class.It is a pity that he is ill.,4).It is time(about time，high time)that.该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是常用过
11、去时态表示虚拟常译为是（正是）的时侯 It is time that children went to bed.It is the first(second.)time that.“是第一（二）次”。It is the first time I have been here.=This is the first time I have been here.,5).It happens(seems，looks，appears)that.该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。It happened(so happened)that he
12、 met his teacher in the street.碰巧.It seems that he will be back in a few days.看来,It is no good(use)doing sth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good，(not any good)，no use，(not any use)。It is no good learning English without speaking English.Its useless trying to argue with Shylock.,3.3.作形式主语替代ing形式,4.It 作形
13、式宾语.We think it important to learn a foreign language.该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为6123结构。6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.He felt it important learning English we
14、ll.They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.,五、特殊句型1).It is.since.。It is(has been)5 years since his father died.2).It is.when.。“当的时候，是”It was 5 oclock when he came here.,3).It be.before.该句型主句中的 it 指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long，not long，3 days，2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语，
15、常译为“之后”。It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.It will be not long before he finishes his job.,4）.It looks(seems)as if.该句型中it无意义，as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，看起来好象如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）It looks as if he were ill.（没有生病）It seemed as if he were dying,5）.It doesnt matter whether(if).该句型
16、中whether(if)引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为不论（是否）没关系。It doesnt matter if they are old.,6）make it 及时赶到;成功;办成 You can make it if you hurry.You neednt worry;he will make it.,7）catch it 被责骂;受处罚If I come home late Ill catch it from my mother.Youll catch it because of your carelessness.,8）.It的一些习惯用法How is it with your
17、study?学习好吗？Thats it.这就对了。It went hard with him.他身遇不幸。It is all over with me.我完蛋了。We must fight it out.我们必须坚持到底。I cant help it.我没有办法。,完成句子专练,1._(据报道)two passers-by were injured in the accident last night.(report)2.It is what you do rather than what you say _(重要).(matter)3.(以便)they could pass the fina
18、l examination that they made use of every minute to study.(so)4.I just wonder(究竟是什么)that makes you so excited.(what),It is reported that,that matters,.It was so that,what it is,5._(直到她摘下)her dark glasses that I realized she was the famous film star.(take)6.(1)It was almost midnight_(发生了火灾)in the nei
19、ghborhood.(break)(2)It was four oclock in the afternoon_(我们到达)the museum.(reach)(3)It was at almost midnight _(发生了火灾).(break),It was not until she took off,when the fire broke out,when we reached,that the fire broke out,7.I think _(是你上床的时间了).(go)8.(是谁)that has eaten my share of sweets?(it)9.(我突然想到)t
20、he book might be more interesting if we added some pictures into it.(occur)10.I think(拆除公园不好)to build a chemical plant in our community.(tear)11.(很显然)that he didnt do it carefully enough.(obvious),its time you went to bed,who is it,It occurred to me that,it no good tearing down the park,It is obviou
21、s,12._(他不诚实)to say that he had a degree from Oxford.(it)13.So difficult(我发现)to take part in the English corner.(it)14.The introduction _(说明)that we can not use the machine in that way.(make)15.(坚持在一起)your friends through thick and thin that brings you lifelong friends.(stick),It was dishonest of him
22、,did I find it,makes it clear,It is sticking with,16._(你肯定没有想到)that he dropped out of school though he had done well in his studies.(occur)17.I(会感激)if you could give me a life.(appreciate)18.Mrs.Stewards kept telling her son not to go online too frequently,but(没有起作用).(help)19.They realize that_(很重要)
23、to protect the environment.(importance),It couldnt have occurred to you,would appreciate it,it didnt help,it is of great importance,20.Our chairman _(认为没必要)invite Mr.Li to speak at the closing meeting next week.(think)21.Her hometown is different from_(过去的样子).(use)22._(正是你完成的能力)the task that helps y
24、ou get this position.(finish)23.(正如报道所言),a plan from Newyork to Buffalo came down at around 10:20pm local time on Thursday in Clarence.(as),thinks it unnecessary to,what it used to be,Its your ability to finish,As was reported,24.It is the third time _(他看望)his primary school teacher this year.(call)
25、25.Can you explain(怎么会)that you were an hour late?(come)26.(究竟是巧合还是粗心)that caused the accident that happened yesterday?(coincidence)27.(我无法理解)why he behaved that way at the party last night?(beyond)28.I found(我很难)to express myself than you.(difficult),hat he has called,how it came about,Was it coinc
26、idence or carelessness,.It is beyond me,it more difficult for me,29._(需要耐心)to learn a language.(take)30(这是如何发生的)that he was put into prison.(come)31.On the way home,_(我突然想到)I had left my notebook in the library.(occur)32.(要求)the secretary should be present,for the situation is so serious.(require)33
27、.Having already been told about how to do it correctly,we(感到更容易)to finish it on time.(feel),It takes patience,How did it come about,it occurred to me that,It is required that,felt it easier,34.(1)_(众所周知)the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing were a success.(know)(2)_(众所周知),the 2008 Olympic Games in Beiji
28、ng were a success.(know)(3)_(众所周知)is that the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing were a success.(know),It is known to us all that,As is known to us all,What is known to us all,35._(一直是传统)in our family tostay up all night on New Years Eve.(tradition)36.(难怪)that there is a great necessity of English gramma
29、r books.(wonder)37.Its years _(我开始学英语).(since)38.(我花了一个月)to finish writing the article.(take)39.(值得)to handle the pressure of study.(worthwhile)40.It was the news that her daughter married a rich businessman(使她兴奋).(make),It has been a tradition,(It is)no wonder,since I began to learn English,It took me a month,It is worthwhile,that made her excited,Good bye,
