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1、Unit 4 Earthquakes 地震,.单词盘点根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇1._(vi.)爆裂；爆发(n.)突然破裂；爆发2._(n.)事件；大事3._(n.)废墟；毁灭(vt.)毁灭；使破产,burst,event,ruin,4._（adj.）极度的5._(vt.)破坏；毁坏；消灭6._(vt.&vi.)（使）震惊；震动（n.）休克；打击；震惊7._(n.&vt.)援救；营救8._(vt.)使陷入困境(n.)陷阱；困境,extreme,destroy,shock,rescue,trap,9._(n.)灾难；灾祸10._(vt.)埋葬；掩埋；隐藏11._(n.)掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处12.
2、_（n.&vt.）损失；损害13._（n.）裁判员；法官（vt.）断定；判断；判决,disaster,bury,shelter,damage,judge,14._(vt.)损害；伤害 _(n.)伤害；损害 _(adj.)受伤的15._(n.)电；电流；电学_(adj.)用电的；带电的_（adj.）与电有关的；电学的16._(vt.)使惊吓；吓唬_(adj.)受惊的；受恐吓的 _(adj.)令人恐惧的17._(n.)祝贺；（复数）贺词_(vt.)祝贺,injure,injury,injured,electricity,electric,electrical,frighten,frightened
3、,frightening,congratulation,congratulate,【品词自测】根据所给词的适当形式填空In the crash he was seriously _.He suffered severe _ to the head and arms.(injure)On seeing the _ scene,the little girl was so _ that she burst out crying.(frighten)The headmaster wrote a letter to _ her on her good performance and the excit
4、ing _ encouraged her greatly.(congratulate),injured,injuries,frightening,frightened,congratulate,congratulations,.短语回放1.立刻；马上_2.轻视；认为没价值_3.仿佛；好像_4.结束；终结_5.严重受损；破败不堪_6.掘出；发现_,right away,think little of,as if,at an end,in ruins,dig out,7.许多；大量的_8.在户外_9.作演讲_10.集资；筹款；募捐_,a(great)number of,in the open ai
5、r,give a speech,raise money,.句式扫描1.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were _ _(太紧张而不敢吃东西）.2.It seemed _（仿佛）the world was at an end!3.Thousands of families were killed and many children were _（成了孤儿）.4._（不是所有的希望都破灭了）.,nervous to eat,as if,left without parents,All hope was not lost,too,【仿句
6、自测】根据下面句式仿写句子too.to.太以至于不能仿写：他太激动，说不出话来。He was too excited to speak.It seems as if.看起来好像仿写：天好像要下雨了。It seems as if it is going to rain.,all.not.并非所有的都仿写：并不是所有的答案都是正确的。All answers are not correct.,1.burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n.突然破裂；爆发burst out 突然迸发；爆发burst out doing sth.=burst into+n.突然起来burst in/into闯进；突然破门而入bu
7、rst with anger/grief/joy勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支,The police burst in and arrested the drug dealer.警察突然闯进来，逮捕了这名毒贩。When the balloon _,the little boy _ _ crying/_ _ tears.气球爆裂后，小男孩放声大哭起来。,burst,burst out,burst into,【助记】burst的多层含义,爆裂,突然（大笑）,突然闯进,2.ruin n.U毁灭;毁坏；崩溃;C(常用复数)废墟；遗迹 vt.（使）毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产（1）lie/be in ru
8、ins成为废墟come/go/fall to ruin毁灭；灭亡；崩溃bring.to ruin 使毁灭；使没落;使破产,（2）ruin oneself毁掉自己，自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途,Years of fighting has left the area in ruins.连年的战争已经使这个地区成为一片废墟。The global economy downturn has brought many small companies to ruin.全球性的经济不景气已经使许多小公司纷纷破产。Much drinking _ _
9、_.过量饮酒毁了他的健康。,ruined his health,【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空,表示“毁灭、毁坏”，是指在一定过程中逐渐对物体进行破坏，使其毁灭。也可用于抽象意义。,表示“损害、损坏”，通常是指对物体的部分的损害，往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能可能降低，但这种破坏具有可修复性。damage也可用于指抽象意义。可用作动词或名词，作名词时与介词to搭配，如cause damage to。,表示“毁坏”，通常指彻底毁掉或毁灭，其功能无法或难以修复，也可用于损坏抽象的东西，如名誉、计划、契约等。,Thousands of houses were seriously _ by the s
10、torm,and the repair work would last half a month.The whole city was completely _ in the sudden flood,leaving nothing to the native people.The constant rain in the north of China this summer has _ cash crops such as cotton and peppers.,damaged,destroyed,ruined,【助记】,3.injure vt.损害；伤害；使受伤（1）injured adj
11、.受伤的the injured受伤的人（集合概念）（2）injury n.伤；伤口；伤害do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人,She injured herself while skating.她在滑冰时受了伤。The driver of the car received serious injuries to the legs and arms.驾车者的双腿和双臂严重受伤。A total of 271 people _ _ in Shanghais subway crash.在上海地铁追尾事故中总共有271人受伤。,were injured,【辨析】
12、理解下列区别并选词填空,作及物动词时，表示“受伤”；既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、情感上的伤害；作不及物动词时，表示“（身体某个部分）疼痛”。,通常指由武器造成的伤害，如刀、枪等的伤害，尤其是指在战场上造成的伤害。,用于表示精神或肉体上的伤害均可，有时也可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。,特指意外事故中造成的伤害。,Several soldiers were _ in the attack.Years of overwork has _ his health greatly.What really _ me was that he ignored me on p
13、urpose.Luckily he was only slightly _ in the earthquake.,wounded,harmed,hurt,injured,4.bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使专心，使沉浸；隐藏bury.in.把埋到/插到里bury oneself in/be buried in 埋头于，专注于,He felt lonely after he buried his good friend.埋葬了好友之后,他感到很孤独。He walked slowly,his hands buried in his pockets.他走得很慢，两手插在衣袋里。Ever since h
14、e moved there,he _ _ _ _his research work.自从搬到那里以后，他一直在专注于研究工作。,has been buried in,【点津】表示“专注于某事”的动词短语还有以下几个：be absorbed in,be devoted to,be lost in,focus on,concentrate on等。,5.at an end 结束;终结The war was at an end.战争结束了。I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.我必须警告你我已经没有耐心了。,【拓展】补全下列短语_
15、the end of 在的尽头/末尾（指时间或空间）_ the end of到末为止（常与完成时态连用）_ the end最后，终于（作状语）_ end连续地，直立地,at,by,in,on,6.a(great)number of 许多；大量的A great number of people were present at the meeting.很多人出席了会议。,A number of new oilfields _(have/has)been opened up recently.(选词填空)近来许多新的油田已被开发出来。【点津】“a number of+可数名词的复数形式”作主语时，谓
16、语动词用复数，意为“许多的，大量的”；“the number of+可数名词的复数形式”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，意为“的数目”。,have,【想一想】还有哪些表示“许多，若干”的短语，它们修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词如何判断？,【拓展延伸】表示“许多，若干”的短语的用法a(great/good/large)number ofa good/great manyquite a few,(1)修饰可数名词,谓语动词用复数,a good/great deal ofa large amount ofquite a little,(2)修饰不可数名词,谓语动词用单数,a lot of/lots ofa(l
17、arge)quantity of(large)quantities ofplenty of,(3)修饰可数或 不可数名词,除(large)quantities of外，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词,7.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家庭院，鸡甚至是猪都紧张得不敢吃东西。句中too.to.为固定句式结构，意为：太而不能。其用法还有：(1)当too.to.用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious,eager,glad,happy,pleased,ready,w
18、illing等时，不定式表示肯定意义。(2)cant/can never.too.再怎么也不过分,The boy is too weak to lift the heavy box.这男孩太虚弱，举不起那个重箱子。We are all too willing to take your advice.我们都非常乐意接受你的建议。He is not too young to dress himself.他不是小得连衣服都不会穿。You _ _ _ _ while crossing the street.过马路时你再怎么小心也不过分。,cant be too careful,8.All hope w
19、as not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。该句为不完全否定句，也可称之为部分否定句。(1)当not与all，both，complete,each，every,everyone，everything,whole等具有全部意义的不定代词或形容词连用时，无论not的位置如何，皆表示不完全否定，意为“并非都”。(2)no，none，no one，neither，nothing，nowhere等表示完全否定。,All these books are not popular with people.这些书并非全都受人们的欢迎。None of us was allowed to go there.我们
20、全都不让去那里。Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall.我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观长城。,Not all my friends smoke.(句型转换)=_ my friends _ smoke.Everyone is not here.(句型转换)=_ _ is here.,All,dont,Not everyone,【真题链接】2010江西，27Swimming is my favorite sport.There is _ like swimming as a m
21、eans of keeping fit.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything【解析】选C。句意：游泳是我最喜欢的运动。作为保持健康的方式，没有什么能比得上游泳了。根据句意可知，空格处需要一个表示完全否定意义的词，所以选用nothing。,【想一想】not除了和具有全部意义的一些不定代词或形容词连用表示部分否定外，还可以和哪些词连用表示部分否定？,【拓展延伸】表示部分否定的其他形式not与always,altogether,completely,everywhere,entirely,totally,wholly等具有总括意义的副词连用时，皆表示部
22、分否定。A man of learning is not always a man of wisdom.有学问的人并不一定都是有智慧的人。Its not altogether bad.这并非完全不好。I dont wholly agree with him.我并不完全同意他的看法。注意：只要表示“全体”意义的词与否定词连用，都表示部分否定。,(1)shelter作名词表“掩蔽，避身处”，作动词多表示“遮挡，掩蔽”。(2)judge及相关短语judging by/from的用法(3)leave+宾语+宾语补足语,1._ his happy look on the face,he must hav
23、e passed the exam this time.A.Judging from B.To judge fromC.Judged from D.Judge by【解析】选A。Judging from为插入语结构，不受句子主语和语态限制，故正确答案只能选A。,2.A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending，but the reader must not be left _.A.unsatisfied B.unsatisfyingC.to be unsatisfying D.being unsatisfied【解析】选A。本题的选项处含有“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，分词和不定式都可作该结构的补足语；但据题意此处应为“使某人感到不满意”，故应用过去分词形式的形容词unsatisfied作补足语。,3.完成句子他们在一棵大树下避雨。They took _ from the rain under a big tree.墙壁遮挡着,使我们免遭风吹。The wall _ us from the wind.,shelter,sheltered,
