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1、2015考研英语,长难句分析,This top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of“fast fashion”.这种时装业自上而下的概念太过时了，与伊丽莎白克莱恩在过度着装一书中所描绘的狂热世界不相一致，该书是她历时三年对“快时尚”的控诉。,Vanity is a constant;people
2、 will only start shopping more sustainably when they cant afford not to.虚荣心不会变，人只有负担不起的时候才会在购物的时候考虑可持续性。,Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default,some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.由于不能确定用户是真的反对接收行为广告，还是仅仅使用微软
3、的默认设置，有些广告公司可能会忽视“不要追踪”的信号，而继续发送这类广告。,Take a broader look at our species place in the universe,and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens,if not hundreds,of thousands of years.如果从更广阔的视角看看人类在宇宙中的位置，就会明白我们就算不能存活数十万年，也大可以存活个数万年。,The potential evolution of todays technol
4、ogy,and its social consequences,is dazzlingly complicated,and its perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage.Thats one reason why we have launched Arc,a new publication dedicated to the near future.今天技术的潜在发展及其社会后果是极为复杂的，或许最好还是让科幻小
5、说作家和未来学家来探索我们能够设想的众多可能性吧。这是我们最近出版弧形杂志的原因之一，这个新出版物将专注于探究不远的将来。,This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.To be sure,the future is not all rosy.But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of
6、earlier humans,and to improve the lot of those to come.这种长远的视角使对人类前景悲观的看法更加可能是昙花一现。诚然，未来不可能一切都是美好的。但是我们拥有足够的知识去减少威胁早期人类生存的种种风险，去改善未来人类的命运。,On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizonas immigration law Monday a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the mor
7、e important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administrations effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.周一最高法庭以5:3的投票结果否决了亚利桑那州移民法的大多数条款这对奥巴马政府来说，是一次政策方面的小胜利。但是在更重要的宪法方面，奥巴马政府试图打破联邦政府与各州之间的权利平衡，而该法庭以8:0的投票使其落空。,The Constitution
8、al principles that Washington alone has the power to“establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.宪法的原则是无可争议的，只有华盛顿有权“制定统一的入籍规范”，联邦法高于地方法。,Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Courts liberals,ruled that the s
9、tate flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately“occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federals privileged powers.安东尼肯尼迪法官，以及约翰罗伯茨大法官和最高法庭的自由党们，裁定亚利桑那州过于靠近联邦政府的权力中心。关于被推翻的条款，大多数法官认为国会已有意“占地盘”，因此亚利桑那州侵犯到了联邦政府的特权。,Jus
10、tice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Courts liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately“occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federals privileged powers.安东尼
11、肯尼迪法官，以及约翰罗伯茨大法官和最高法庭的自由党们，裁定亚利桑那州过于靠近联邦政府的权力中心。关于被推翻的条款，大多数法官认为国会已有意“占地盘”，因此亚利桑那州侵犯到了联邦政府的特权。,Two of the three objecting Justice Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objectio
12、n came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.三位投反对票中的两位塞缪尔阿利托和克拉伦斯托马斯认同宪法逻辑，但是在亚利桑那州哪些条款与联邦法有冲突的问题上，未能达成一致意见。唯一的强烈反对意见来自安东尼斯卡利亚 法官，他甚至追溯到客籍法和政治叛乱发，强烈维护州政府的特权。,The White House argued that Arizonas laws conflic
13、ted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect,the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.白宫称亚利桑那州的法案与联邦政府的执法优先权相矛盾，即便州法律与联邦法一字不差。事实上，白宫声称如果不认同原本合法的地方法律，就可以认定其无效。,The admini
14、stration was in essence asserting that because it didnt want to carry out Congresss immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.实质上，联邦政府是在主张，因为它不想执行国会的移民管理意愿，所以各州也不允许这么做。每位法官都公正地拒绝了这一异乎寻常的主张。,Straitfords briefs dont sound like th
15、e usual Washington back-and-forthing,whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong.斯特拉特福德的简报不像政府简报那样闪烁其词，政府为了不出错而避免做出引人注目的陈述。,Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.听到有人指控研究环境下动物
16、遭到残酷对待，很多人都感到很困惑，竟会有人故意伤害动物。,To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.对于那些不了解必须通过动物试验才能研究出这些疗法以及新的疗法和疫苗的那些人来说，动物试验往好里说是浪费，往坏里说是残忍。,Finally,because the ultimate
17、 stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.最终的利益相关者是病人，因此健康研究界不仅应该积极招募像斯蒂芬库伯这样的名人（他勇
18、敢地肯定了动物研究的价值），也应该吸纳所有接受医学治疗的人参加到这个事业中。,Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for rate relief,but the process is expensive,time-consuming,and will work only in truly extreme cases.感到被敲竹杠的好承运商有权向联邦政府的陆上交通运输局申请运费救济，
19、但是过程费用高、耗时长，而且只有极端案例才能成功。,If railroads charged all customers the same average rate,they argue,shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so,leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.他们说，如果铁路对所有客户平均收费，那些有选择的托运商将会转向汽车或其它运
20、输方式，而留下其他客户来负担维护铁路的成本。,The railroad industry as a whole,despite its brightening fortunes,still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic.整个铁路行业尽管拥有巨额财富，所赚到的钱仍然不够支付为了维持激增的运力而投入的资金。,Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care,
21、we demand everything that can possibly be done for us,even if its useless.由于有第三方支付，我们不用为自己的医疗付费，所以我们要求一切可能做到的医疗服务，即便是没用的。,Physicians frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justif
22、ied.内科医生由于无力治愈癌症而感到挫败，并且担心病人失去希望，往往提出一些过于积极的治疗，远远超出科学的合理范围。,Absolute figures may still give primacy to the U.S.,but emerging trends suggest its grip on the steering wheel is slipping.绝对数值可能显示美国仍然是霸主，但是新兴趋势表明美国握方向盘的手在打滑。（直译）绝对数值可能显示美国仍然是霸主，但是新兴趋势表明美国的掌控力正在变弱。（意译）,Metaphor的译法1.如果比喻意象与中文相通，可以直译2.如果意象不相
23、通，宜意译：A.丢掉比喻，用通俗的语言翻译 B.使用符合习惯的喻体代替原文中的喻体,There are those who would tell you that BMWs reputation for first-class finish（抛光）has been on thin ice for some time but,until now,weve seen little evidence to substantiate the claim.有些人可能会跟你说宝马抛光技术一流的声誉已经如履薄冰有些时候了，但是直到现在，我们并没有看到能够证明这一说法的证据。Most of Asias fin
24、ancial institutions wisely did not embrace the risky financial instruments that included sub-prime mortgages originating from the U.S.大多数亚洲金融机构明智地避开了包括起源于美国的次级贷等风险较大的金融手段。Commercial art galleriesmushroomed in Shanghai in the 1990s.A.二十世纪九十年代，大量商业美术馆在上海涌现。B.二十世纪九十年代，商业美术馆如雨后春笋一般在上海大量涌现出来。,Statistics
25、from the Asian Development Bank show that over the last five years domestic demand,primarily investment but also consumption,amounts to more than 80 percent of contributions to growth.亚开行数据显示在过去五年，经济增长80%以上来自于国内需求，主要是投资需求，也有部分消费需求。,Asia may not like it,but most on the continent have acquiesced in al
26、lowing reputable Western financial institutions to shuffle their savings around,investing them as deemed most profitable.亚洲可能不喜欢这一点，但是亚洲大陆上的大多数国家都已默许由信誉良好的西方金融机构来打理他们的存款，按照据认为最有利可图的方式去投资。,The sub-prime crisis triggered by increasing defaults(failure to pay)as housing prices slip in the U.S.and homeo
27、wners cannot afford rising interest rates revealed that these Wall Street firms deserving respect are less than perfect.随着美国房价下跌，业主负担不起不断上升的利率，越来越多的人断供，引发了次贷危机。次贷危机显示这些值得尊敬的华尔街公司并不完美。,Unemployment does not have the same miserable consequences today as it did in the 1930s,when most of the unemployed
28、were primary breadwinners,when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence,and there were no compensating social programs for those failing in the labor market.如今，失业不再像二十世纪三十年代那样悲惨了。那时，大多数失业者是家里的顶梁柱，而那时的工资和收入常常只够糊口，而且那时候没有社会保障计划来补偿这些失业的人。,Increasing affluence,the rise o
29、f families with more than one wage earner,the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed,and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably relieved the consequences of joblessness.财富的增加，不止一个人赚钱的家庭越来越多，失业者越来越以次要赚钱者为主，社会福利保护的改善，这些都无疑减轻了失业造成的后果。,Since the number experiencin
30、g joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month,those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment,even though a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer.由于一年内某一时期失业的人数几倍于全年事业的人数，因此遭受赋闲在家之苦的人数可能等于或超
31、过年均失业人数，尽管全年失业人口中只有少部分受苦。,For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies,there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work,or else outside the labor force but wanting a job.有一个人被计入月均失业人数，就对应着有一个人在做兼职工作，因为他/她无法找到全职工作，或者不属于劳动力但是想要一份工作。,Finally,income tran
32、sfers in our country have always focused on the elderly,disabled,and dependent,neglecting the needs of the working poor,so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.最后，我国转移性收入总是关注老年人、残疾人、被扶养人，而忽
33、视有工作的贫困者的需求，因此现金和实物转移的大幅增加并不一定意味着劳务市场失败的人得到了充分的保护。,As a result of such contradictory evidence,it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions and hence whether high level of joblessness can be tolerate
34、d or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus.由于这些互相矛盾的证据，人民无法肯定因劳务市场问题遭受严重不幸的人数究竟是几十万还是几千万，因此也不能确定失业水平能够容忍，还是必须通过创造就业机会和实行经济刺激来应对。,A pair of dexterous（灵巧的）robotic hands,suspended from the ceiling,assemble the ingredients,mix them,and cook them in pots and pans as required,on a hob（灶台
35、）or in an oven.一双灵巧的机械手从天花板上悬下来，按照要求在灶台上或烤箱里组合原材料，把它们混合到一起，在深锅或平底锅里烹饪。,The machines finesse comes because its hands are copying the actions of a particular human chef,who has cooked the recipe specially,in order to provide a template for the robot to copy.The chef in question wears special gloves,fi
36、tted with sensors,for this demonstration.Dr Oleyniks team also shoot multiple videos of it,from different angles.These various bits of data are then synthesised into a three-dimensional representation of what the chef did while preparing the dish.That is turned into an algorithm which can drive the
37、automated kitchen.这个机器十分有技巧，因为某个人类大厨专门烹饪一道菜为它提供模板供它模仿。这位大厨戴上装有传感器的手套进行演示。欧力尼克博士的团队还从不同角度拍摄大厨的演示。之后，他们将这些数据合成为三维数据，展示大厨如何烹饪。然后这些数据被编为算法，驱动自动厨房。,Dr Oleyniks plan is to support his automated kitchen with an online library of more than 2,000 recipes.And,because it is copying the idiosyncrasies of partic
38、ular people,the service he plans will let a user select not only a dish but also its creatorin effect,bringing a virtual version of a celebrity chef into the users house to cook it for him.欧力尼克博士计划为他的自动厨房提供2000多个在线菜谱。因为它模仿特定的人，所以欧力尼克博士打算让用户既能够选择菜肴，又能选择菜肴的创始人实际上，就是邀请一位虚拟版本的名厨到用户家里为他们做菜。,One design fl
39、aw is that although the prototype is programmed to put used utensils into a washing-up bowl,it does not actually go on to do the washing upa drawback often associated with human chefs,as well,it must be said.一个设计缺陷是该机器原型虽然被设定将用过的器皿放进洗碗池，但是它不会真的去洗碗我们不得不说，这也是人类大厨的一个缺点。,The shark-fin industry has gaine
40、d notoriety in recent years not just because of what its doing to the global shark population but also because of whats known as finningthe practice of catching a shark,removing its fins and dumping the animal back into the sea.While a pound of shark fin can go for up to 300,most shark meat isnt par
41、ticularly valuable,and it takes up freezer space and weight on fishing boats.鱼翅业近年来臭名卓著不仅是因为它使全球鲨鱼数量锐减，还因为“切除鱼翅”的做法他们抓住一条鲨鱼，切除鱼翅，把剩下部分扔回海里。一磅鱼翅价格高达300美元，但是鲨鱼肉并不值钱，而且在渔船上会占用冷冻空间和运力。,Sharks populations cant withstand commercial fishing the way more fertile marine species can.鲨鱼不像其它一些生殖能力更强的海洋生物那样能够承受商
42、业捕捞。,The sharks plight is starting to be weighed against the delicacys cultural value.The conservation group has lobbied local restaurants that offer the classic nine-course banquet served at Cantonese weddings,of which shark-fin is traditionally a part,to offer a no-shark menu as a choice to couple
43、s.人们开始衡量鲨鱼的困境与这道美食的文化价值。一些当地餐馆在广东人的婚礼上提供经典的九道菜筵席，鱼翅传统上就在其中。保护组织已经游说这些餐馆为新人提供一份没有鱼翅的菜单。,By 8pm on November 24th,when the prosecutor in Ferguson,Missouri,announced the grand jurys decision not to charge a police officer with a crime for shooting an unarmed black teenager,Michael Brown,cops in riot gea
44、r were already in place and barriers surrounded municipal buildings.11月24日晚8点，密苏里州弗格森市的检察官宣布大陪审团的决定：不起诉向手无寸铁的黑人青年Michael Brown开枪的警察。与此同时，穿戴了防暴装备的警察已经整装待命，并在市政大楼周围安置围栏。,Looking back at the riots in Los Angeles in 1992 that followed the acquittal of four white police officers who had savagely beaten a
45、 black motorist,Rodney King,a lot has changed.回顾1992年发生在洛杉矶的暴乱，起因是4个白人警察残忍地殴打了一个黑人摩托车手Rodney King，但是宣判无罪，自那之后很多事情都改变了。,Solving the problems of places like Ferguson is less about passing more anti-discrimination laws than about rekindling economic growth and spreading the proceeds.要解决像弗格森市这种地方的问题，方法不
46、在于通过更多反歧视法案，而在于重新振兴经济增长并让更多的人享受到收益。,The hapless mayor,James Knowles,is a white Republican who was re-elected in 2013 in an election in which fewer than one in eight eligible voters turned out.James Knowles这个倒霉的市长是个白人共和党员，在2013年的一次投票参与率不到八分之一的选举中再次当选该市市长。,Such disparities feed the beliefheld by black
47、s across the countrythat both justice and law-enforcement systems are racist.如此悬殊的比例会让全国黑人都相信，不管是司法系统还是执法系统都是种族歧视的。如此悬殊的比例会在全国黑人同胞中孳生一种观点：不管是司法系统还是执法系统都是种族歧视的。,Attempts to restrict votingby banning Sunday polls,restricting voting hours and requiring people to produce IDshould be resisted.限制投票的做法比如禁止
48、周日民意调查、限制投票时间、要求选民出示身份证明等应该叫停。,But the fact that the answers to Americas racial problems now lie in a more vibrant economy and the nitty gritty of politics and policing is itself a form of progress.然而解决美国种族问题取决于更有活力的经济和具体的政策与治安管理细节，这一事实本身就是一种进步。,Stemming climate change,for example,is as much about c
49、hanging consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.比如，遏制气候变化既要改变消费模式、促进人们接受税收政策，也要发展洁净能源。比如，遏制气候变化，改变消费模式、促进人们接受税收政策与发展洁净能源同样重要。,One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American univers
50、ities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate,taught in different schools.设计和教授此类课程很难，原因之一是美国顶尖大学一贯坚持文科教育与职业教学分开，在不同学院讲授，这些课程会影响到这一做法。,Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation,top American universities have professionalized the professor.Th
