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1、Noveon 功能性原料Carbopol,Pemulen和 Avalure 聚合物特性和应用,诺誉化工有限公司Consumer Specialties GroupPersonal Care Division,概述,I.Carbopol and Pemulen Polymers 的介绍II.Carbopol ETD PolymersIII.Carbopol Ultrez 10 PolymerIV.Pemulen Polymeric 乳化剂,V.Avalure 成膜剂VI.表面活性剂体系中的应用VII.个人护理产品中应用VIII.H2O2 凝胶中的流变调节,Noveon 功能性原料 Carbopo
2、l 和 Pemulen高分子流变调节剂,诺誉化工有限公司Consumer Specialties GroupPersonal Care Division,Carbopol and Pemulen 高聚物介绍,概要A.什么是 Carbopol and Pemulen 高分子聚合物?B.Carbopol and Pemulen高分子聚合物的六种主要功能C.Carbopol高分子聚合物的特性D.Carbopol 凝胶的流变性E.Carbopol and Pemulen 敏感性F.Carbopol and Pemulen高分子聚合物的使用G.疑难解答,Carbopol高分子聚合物是.,流变修饰剂聚丙烯
3、酸 树脂高分子量交联作用CTFA/INCI 名:Carbomer(均聚物)Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer(共聚物),C,C,C,O,OH,n,H,H,H,Carbopol 在个人护理产品中的应用,头发护理香波定型着哩摩丝染发产品烫发产品,皮肤护理保湿着哩膏霜和乳液含酒精的着哩胶防晒产品沐浴露脱毛膏,Carbopol在药用产品中的应用,药片和胶囊口腔护理产品（牙膏）生物粘附应用局部给药着哩胶局部给药霜和乳液含漱乳液及外敷乳液兽用药,Carbopol 用于家居护理 and I&I,洗洁精织物护理硬表面清洁洗手液上光剂和杀虫剂,空气清新汽车护
4、理其他固体燃料油漆清除,Carbopol 和 Pemulen 聚合物的六种主要功能,增稠并使流体具有很宽范围的流动性悬浮不溶物给予体系很好的稳定性(Carbopol 树脂)乳化作用(Pemulen 聚合物)控制释放水或活性成分生物粘附性，增加活性成分的吸收,Carbopol&Pemulen 聚合物的特性,高度的增稠悬浮能力很宽的温度下稳定极佳的透明度独特和可控制的流便能力很好的抗微生物能力,Carbopol&Pemulen 聚合物开发史,苯溶剂聚合均聚物 Carbopol 940 and 934,共溶剂聚合均聚物Carbopol 980 and 981,疏水改性的共聚物 Carbopol 13
5、82,Pemulen TR-1 and TR-2,容易分散的Carbopol ETD 2001,2020,2050 and Ultrez 10,late 1950s,mid 1980s,1990s,2000s,耐盐的Carbopol 1342,全新的Aqua SF-1Ultrez21，20,Carbopol 聚合物的特性,化学描述:非线性的聚烯基聚醚交联的 高分子丙烯酸聚合物外观:白色粉末颗粒大小:2-7 微米堆积密度:176-208 g/cm3pH(1%水分散)2.5-3.0出厂时水含量:2%平均当量76 4,Carbopol 聚合物颗粒的,Carbopol 聚合物颗粒初始颗粒为松散小颗粒,
6、不能用传统的方法测出分子量估计一个初始颗粒平均分子量为几十亿道尔顿,聚合物溶涨或分散在水或其他溶剂中它不会溶解,Particle Nature of Carbopol&Pemulen Polymers,“大块”颗粒平均大小为2-7 微米初始颗粒大小-最小=0.046 微米-最大=0.280 微米-平均=0.200 m微米,显微镜放大20,000X,聚合溶剂,Carbopol 和 Pemulen 通过以下三种溶剂系统聚合:苯醋酸乙酯醋酸乙酯和环己烷共溶剂,Carbopol and Pemulen 树脂的类型和凝胶特性,传统 Carbopol 树脂以苯为共溶剂溶剂9342984Ultrez 10非
7、常高黏度;短流 均聚物5984奶油状感觉;对盐敏感940980 Ultrez 10非常高黏度;短流;均聚物ETD 2001*奶油状感觉;对盐敏感941981 ETD 2050低黏度;长流 均聚物 拉丝结构;对盐敏感13421382 ETD 2020高黏度;长流共聚物Pemulen TR-1拉丝结构Pemulen TR-2对盐敏感不高,易分散的 Carbopol树脂,凝胶特性,树脂类型,*ETD 2001 对盐更不敏感,Carbopol&Pemulen 树脂的应用,0.5%用量下推荐型号开发要求黏度(厘泊)*Carbopol Ultrez 10/ETD 2001 水晶状透明凝胶 55,000Ca
8、rbopol 940/980 50,000Carbopol Ultrez 10 稳定体系 55,000Carbopol 934/5984 35,000Carbopol ETD 2020/ETD 2001 含电解质体系 55,000(1%)Carbopol 1342/1382 50,000(1%)Carbopol ETD 2050 长流/低黏度 12,500Carbopol 941/981 7,500Pemulen TR-1主乳化剂11,000*Pemulen TR-2主乳化剂3,000*,*Brookfield 20 rpm*乳液黏度,Carbopol 树脂的兼容性,Carbopol 树脂应用
9、指导,通用树脂容易分散的树脂ETD 2001ETD 2050ETD 2020传统树脂9349409411342共溶剂树脂2984/59849809811382INCI/CTFA 命名carbomercarbomercarbomercarbomeracrylates/C10-30 alkylacrylate crosspolymer特性流体性质短短非常短长长相对黏度高高非常高低中悬浮能力(屈服值)高高高高高黏液透明度高中高高高相对离子容忍度低低低中高相对耐剪切能力中高高低低应用透明凝胶水-醇凝胶乳液高霜表面活性剂体系(特殊的香波，清洁产品)高电解质体系(芦荟)(ETD 2001),Carbopo
10、lUltrez 10,Pemulen 乳化剂,Pemulen 聚合物Pemulen TR-1Pemulen TR-2INCI/CTFA 命名acrylates/C 10-30 alkylacrylates/C 10-30 alkylacrylate crosspolymeracrylate crosspolymer特性主乳化剂是是油相填充量*30%70%相对黏度高低屈服值高高有效 pH 范围4-94-9一般使用浓度范围0.2-0.4%*0.15-0.3%*应用领域乳液（一般油相含量）膏霜（一般油相含量）可喷乳液膏霜，乳液（很高的油相含量）*无第二乳化剂*在高电解质下使用高浓度,Carbopol
11、 树脂应用指导,Carbopol 聚合物应用选择,应用,乳液,凝胶,香波/沐浴露,ETD 2050,Ultrez 10,LowClarity orViscosity,LowClarity,ETD 2050,结果,高黏度,高黏度,低黏度,结果,低黏度,ETD 2020,OK,OK,ETD 2001,易分散Carbopol 树脂的特点及优势,均聚物特别容易分散宽广的应用范围在膏霜，乳液及凝胶中高效能优雅,不发粘的肤感在专利的乙酸乙酯/环己烷共溶剂中聚合形成。,共聚物容易分散适合在表面活性剂及高电解质体系中应用在香波，沐浴露和其它表面活性剂体以系及含提取液的体系中有高的效能。极佳的流变性及在表面活性
12、剂体系中有很好的悬浮能力。在专利的乙酸乙酯/环己烷共溶剂中聚合形成。,Carbopol Ultrez 10,Carbopol ETD 2020,Carbopol 聚合物的特性.,增稠-产生广阔范围的黏度和流动性悬浮-使不溶性组分永久悬浮于体系中乳化稳定-使所制备乳剂有极好的耐热耐寒性能,Carbopol 聚合物如何增稠,CarbopolPowder,第一步:粉末,第二步:水合,第三步:中和,第一步:粉末,在接触水之前,交联的丙烯酸树脂卷得很紧,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,C
13、OOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,第二步:水合,在水中分散后,聚丙烯酸树脂链开始展开,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH,第三步:中和,用碱中和后，沿聚合物主链产生负电荷电荷间的排斥力，使卷曲的聚合物变成展开的结构,NH4+,NH4+,NH4+,NH4+,NH4+,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,黏度 1500 厘泊需要的增稠剂的用量,增稠剂浓度(wt%),Carbopol 940,Carbopol 934,Acrylic
14、EmulsionCopolymer,HEC,CMC,pH=7.0Brookfield Viscosity(cP 20 rpm),水中增稠剂的增稠效率,黏度,cP(mPas),增稠剂用量(wt%),100,000,10,000,1,000,100,10,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,Brookfield RVT 20 rpm,Carbopol 940,HPMC,AcrylicEmulsion,HEC,CMC,不同Carbopol 的黏度比较,聚合物浓度(wt%),pH 7.5Viscosity:Brookfield RVT 20 rpm#6 spindle,CarbopolPolyme
15、rs,黏度,cP(mPas),中和后 Carbopol 树脂在水中的状态,crosslinks,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,Na+,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,COO,Carbopol 聚合物粒子大小,干粉,水合后,树脂溶胀胶粒,2-7,pH=3.0,20-70pH=7.0,Ca
16、rbopol 树脂在水中中和后约能膨胀1000倍,(大聚集颗粒),Carbopol 聚合物的增稠机理,空间被溶胀的微凝胶填充用无机碱(如氢氧化钠溶液)或有机碱(如三乙醇胺)中和氢键作用,这是Carbopol 聚合物主要的增稠机理,微凝胶增稠机理模式,稀溶液:颗粒达到溶胀平衡(c c*)c=Carbopol 在凝胶中的浓度c*=临界重叠浓度,Carbopol 树脂在水中的增稠效果,聚合物浓度(wt%),pH=7Brookfield RVT 20 rpm,黏度,cP(mPas),pH 对黏度的影响,0.5%Carbopol 在水中的黏度,1,000,10,000,100,000,Ultrez 10
17、,pH,ETD 2020,ETD 2050,Brookfield RVT 20 rpm,Viscosity,cP(mPas),高pH值凝胶的黏度 用2.5%氢氧化钾中和至 pH 13.1,Carbopol树脂用量(wt%),Carbopol Polymers,Brookfield RVT 20 rpm,黏度,cP(mPas),40%KOH中黏度与聚合物浓度的关系,pH 13.0Brookfield RVT 20 rpm,聚合物浓度(wt%),Carbopol 940,Carbopol 934,Carbopol 941,Viscosity,cP(mPas),40%KOH溶液中聚合物黏度的稳定性,
18、2.0%Carbopol 940,1.5%Carbopol 940,pH 13.0Brookfield RVT 20 rpm,氢键的增稠机理,如：-含乙氧基或丙氧基非离子表面活性剂-多羟基化合物如丙二醇，甘油，等等。-皂中的脂肪酸-聚乙烯醇-有机酸如柠檬酸和醋酸,Carbopol 树脂与一些羟基给予体形成氢键作用,氢键作用增稠:,如何作用?增稠是因为非常大协力结构的形成.这个缓慢的 过程需要几分钟到几个小时。,氢键结合示意图,OH,C,C,C,C,C,C,C,C,C,OH,OH,C=O,HO,HO,C,C,C,OH,C=O,C,C,C,C,C=O,OH,C,C,C,C,C=O,OH,C,C,C
19、=O,OH,C,C,O,C,C,O,C=O,C,C,HO,C=O,OH,C=O,OH,C=O,OH,Carbopol 聚合物 的骨架 带(COO-)基团,多羟基化合物,Carbopol 凝胶悬浮颗粒,膨胀的微凝胶,被悬浮的颗粒,屈服值,用 Carbopol 增稠的溶液有很高的屈服值。屈服值是指在压力作用下，为使流体流动所需克服的起始阻力。屈服值（而不是黏度）是决定悬浮能力的主要因素。,屈服值的应用,悬浮垂悬稳泡乳化稳定,屈服值比较,硅酸镁铝丙烯酸乳液黄芪胶洋槐豆树胶瓜尔胶羟乙基纤维素羟基丙基甲基纤维素聚氧乙烯发烟硅胶,屈服值（达因/平方厘米),Carbopol 940,Carbopol 934
20、,Pemulen TR-1,Carbopol 941,CMC,汉生胶,角叉菜胶,褐藻胶,0.1,0.5,1.0,5.0,10,100,1000,10,000,水溶液中悬浮剂浓度(wt%),黏度和屈服值,布洛克菲布洛克菲沙粒的 物料名黏度(cP)屈服值悬浮(dynes/cm2)0.10%Carbopol 9341,950124永久2.5%洋槐豆树胶22,800808 小时1.5%羧甲基纤维素钠5,900363 小时1.5%瓜尔胶8,040324 小时2.5%海藻酸钠8,360162 小时,屈服值对砂的悬浮体的影响,布洛克菲沙粒的物料名黏度(cP)屈服值(dynes/cm2)悬浮0.15%Carb
21、opol 941 polymer2,900500永久0.25%Carbopol 934 polymer6,350410永久3.00%黄芪胶(均化)9,740276永久 0.18%Carbopol 934 polymer2,420136永久0.10%Carbopol 941 polymer1,950124永久0.15%Carbopol 934 polymer1,6009048 小时2.5%洋槐豆树胶22,800808 小时1.5%聚氧乙烯2,040403小时1.5%羧甲基纤维素钠5,900363小时1.5%瓜尔胶8,040324小时2.5%海藻酸钠8,360162小时3.0%黄芪胶(低剪切结构)
22、94052小时,Carbopol 树脂的屈服压力,Ultrez 10934940ETD 2001980ETD 20201342ETD 2050941981,屈服压力(Pa),1%Carbopol 凝胶pH=7.0,Yield stress predictedfrom Physica Rheometerusing Casson rheological model1 Pa=10 dynes/cm2,不同PH下 Carbopol 树脂屈服值,屈服值(dynes/cm2),pH,5000,4000,3000,2000,1000,0,5,6,7,8,9,10,Carbopol 940,Carbopol
23、Ultrez 10,Carbopol ETD 2020,Carbopol 934,Carbopol ETD 2050,Carbopol 941,Brookfield RVT,4,500,4,000,3,500,3,000,2,500,2,000,1,500,1,000,500,0,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0,各种Carbopol 树脂屈服值比较,屈服值(dynes/cm2),聚合物浓度(wt%),Carbopol Ultrez 10,Carbopol ETD 2020,Carbopol 940,Carbopol 934,Carbopol ETD 20
24、50,Carbopol 941,Brookfield RVT,40%KOH溶液中聚合物浓度与屈服值关系,屈服值(dynes/cm2),聚合物浓度(wt%),Carbopol 940,Carbopol 934,Carbopol 941,pH 13.0Brookfield RVT,交叉链接 的密度,交叉链接的密度直接影响屈服值,Carbopol 941 轻度交联,Carbopol 940 高度交联,0.1%wt,1.0%wt,低密度球,高密度球,屈服值的测量,恒应力流变仪布罗克非粘度外推法悬浮球试验法,测量屈服值:恒应力流变仪,剪切压力,Pa,剪切速度,s-1,(in 1%NaCl solutio
25、n at pH 7.6),Carbopol 940,Carbopol 934,Carbopol 941,Carbopol ETD 2020,Carbopol Ultrez 10,布罗克菲法测屈服值,布罗克菲值(dynes/cm2)=,(Brookfield Visc.0.5 rpm Brookfield Visc.1 rpm),100,悬浮球试验法,所需的最低屈服值4/3 R(D-D0)g 单位g/cm.s2where:R=球的半径(cm)D=球的密度(g/cm3)D0=胶体密度(g/cm3)g=重力加速度(980 cm/s2),=,凝胶,重力,球体积,4/3r3,横截面积,r2,球的体积 x
26、球的密度,球的体积 x凝胶密度,x,重力加速度,横截面积,悬浮球试验法比较,将不同材料的悬浮球放入凝胶，标定位置凝胶在室温下储存30天屈服值与没有显著下沉的最大密度的悬浮球有关测试了 17种助悬浮剂在 10 浓度下对颗粒的悬浮,粘度=33,000 厘泊,0.4%934,2.3%CMC,2.1%Guar,6.0%Xanthan,Carbopol 聚合物特性.,增稠悬浮乳化稳定,Carbopol 均聚物的乳剂稳定能力,Carbopol 均聚物提供屈服值 稳定乳剂 并阻止油滴聚集,Carbopol微胶囊,油滴,薄层相,Carbopol 树脂的流变性和微观结构,流变性是.,研究变形与流动的关系。测量形
27、变造成的反应。,Carbopol 树脂独特的流变性,流变性的基本概念Carbopol 凝胶的流动特性屈服值的重要性和测量 Carbopol 和其他聚合物的悬浮性,Carbopol&Pemulen 凝胶的流变性,长流或短流 高度的剪切变稀能力容易分散容易使用少许或无触变性快速恢复粘度和悬浮力,低浓度下非常高的屈服值允许“垂悬”悬浮不溶物Low to high rigidity,长流和短流,高度交联，高分子量Carbopol Ultrez 10,ETD 2001,934,940,低的交联度，相对低分子量Carbopol ETD 2050,ETD 2020,941,1342,短流流变性,长流流变性,
28、Carbopol 树脂的流变性参数,流变性符号说明黏度()剪切变稀能力(不同的剪切速度下测量）屈服压力yld该值越大，悬浮能力越好触变性参数T.I.值越大,the lower the gelstrength and the greater the chance forirreversible structure breakdown.也是 粘度回复能力的指标.硬度系数G 0值越大，凝胶越硬；值越小，凝胶越软,.,粘度不仅是一个数值，也是条曲线,Measurement of Flow Properties,Shear Stress(measured torque),Shear Rate(appli
29、ed rotational speed),Newtonian,Viscosity=,shear stress,shear rate,Viscosity units:Centipose(cP)orMilliPascal seconds(mPas),Rheology of Non-Newtonian Fluids,Non-Newtonian fluids display different types of shear stress behavior with shear rateFormulations containing Carbopol exhibitEllis Plastic behav
30、ior-such systems have yield value and are shear thinning,Ellis Plastic,Bingham Plastic,Pseudoplastic,Newtonian,Dilatant,Shear Rate,Shear Stress,Rheology of Carbopol Polymers,Carbopol gels have what is called a“yield value”,Shear Stress,Shear Rate,Ellis Plastic,yield value,Shear-Thinning Nature of Ca
31、rbopol Gels,High apparent viscosity at rest-Stays putLow viscosity under stress-Easy pumping,spraying,spreading,0.5%Carbopol 940,0.5%Pemulen TR-1,0.5%Carbopol 941,1,000,000,100,000,10,000,1,000,0.5,1.0,10,50,100,Brookfield(rpm),Brookfield RVT,Viscosity,cP(mPas),Shear-Thinning Nature of Carbopol Gels
32、,Gels of Carbopol polymers show great reductionin apparent viscosity under high shearAlthough many rheology modifiers and thickenersshow such behavior,none are as efficient as Carbopol polymers,For example,a mucilage may not be pourable from a container.Yet when forced through the orifice of a typic
33、al pressurized pump nozzle,the mucilage is liquid-like.,Carbopol 凝胶的剪切变稀特性,剪切停止后，粘度迅速回复Carbopol 聚合物是黏弹性的,剪切,停止剪切,Shear Thinning Behavior ofCarbopol Polymer Mucilages,Shear Rate,Viscosity,Thixotropy,Thixotropy represents(elastic)stress loss after shearing.Example:Gelatin-low thixotropyWet sand-high t
34、hixotropyThixotropy is determined by first measuring shear stress as a function of increasing shear rate and then measuring as shear rate is returned back to the starting valueThixotropy is the area between curvesMost Carbopol gels exhibit little/no thixotropy,ThixotropicLoop,Shear Rate,Shear Stress
35、,Rheology of Carbopol Polymers,Measurement of creep properties:Compliance and Rigidity,time,Shear Strain()(measured displacement),Stressapplied,Stressremoved,Compliance,Rigidity,Carbopol Microgel Rigidity,Method:Creep test using computerized rheometerStrain()as a function of Time:the area under curv
36、eThe more area under thecurve,the gel is morecompliantThe less recovery,the more rigid,Strain(),Time(s),Carbopol 1342,Carbopol 941,Carbopol 940,Carbopol 934,0.30,0.25,0.20,0.15,0.10,0.05,0,20,40,60,80,100,120,140,150,180,200,Creep-Relaxation Curves,Polymer=1%,Rheological Profiles of Carbopol Polymer
37、s,1.0 wt%Carbopol polymer mucilagesNeutralized with NaOH pH:7.3-8.2;25 C,RheologicalSymbol,PropertyUnits934940941Ultrez 10ETD 2020 ETD 2001RigidityGO,Pa74043026980326540ThixotropicT.I.,3054353101283IndexPa/s.cm3Yield Stressyld,Pa9510014110150124Viscosity,mPa.s(cP)74,50075,80010,70084,30063,20077,300
38、,Carbopol,Carbopol,Carbopol,Carbopol,Carbopol 微胶体的硬度,PolymerRigidityMucilage TextureCarbopol 13426Long rheology/SoftCarbopol 94125Long rheology/SoftCarbopol 940430Short rheology/SoftCarbopol 934790Short rheology/Soft,Carbopol 和Pemulen 的敏感性,Carbopol 和 Pemulen 聚合物的敏感性,Mechanical shearIons and saltsCat
39、ionicsUV lightTemperatureMicrobes,Effect of Mechanical Shear,Prolonged homogenization is not recommendedIrreversible loss of viscosity and yield value may occurNeutralized Carbopol polymerProlonged shearing results in viscosity lossPumping of gel best done with diaphragm and positivedisplacement pum
40、psUnneutralized Carbopol polymerLess susceptible to shear degradation(except for 941“type”)Marine-blade agitation recommendedLower cross-linked Carbopol polymers are the most sensitive,Effect of Turbine Shear on Viscosity of 0.5%Carbopol Polymer Mucilage,Tekmar rotor-stator homogenizer 8,500 rpm,She
41、ar Time(minutes),50,000,40,000,30,000,20,000,10,000,0,0,5,10,20,980,940,981,941,1382,1342,Carbopol Polymer,pH=7.0Brookfield RVT 20 rpm,Viscosity,cP(mPas),Effect of Electrolytes on Viscosity,Effect:Permanent loss of viscosityReduction of clarityMulti valent ions cause more serious impactSolution:Mini
42、mize electrolytes whenever possibleIncrease concentration of Carbopol polymer,Electrolyte Sensitivity of Carbopol and Pemulen Polymers,Sources of electrolytes:Formulation Inorganic salts,ionic surfactants,botanicals,some preservativesWaterSodium ions from soft waterCalcium and magnesium ions from ha
43、rd waterChloride from treated tap waterNote:Deionized water is recommended,Relative Electrolyte Sensitivity ofCarbopol Polymers,Each Carbopol polymer can tolerate certain levels of electrolytes Carbopol ETD 2020 1342 ETD 2001 ETD 2050 941 940 934 Ultrez 10In all cases,electrolytes reduce thickening
44、efficiency,Effect of Salt on Carbopol Polymer Gels,Before Salt Addition:,SwollenMicrogel,SuspendedParticle,Effect of Salt on Carbopol Polymer Gels,After Salt Addition:,CollapsedMicrogel,Particle,Effect of Mono-and Divalent Saltson Carbopol Polymer,0.01,0.02,0.05,0.10,0.20,0.50,1.00,100,250,500,1,000
45、,2,500,5,000,10,000,Polymer(wt%),941(1.00 wt%)effect ofNaCleffect ofCaCl2,941(0.25 wt%)effect ofNaCleffect ofCaCl2,pH=7.0Brookfield RVT 20 rpm,Viscosity,cP(mPas),%NaCl Effect on Carbopol Polymer Gel Viscosities,1.0%Polymer pH 7.0-7.3,NaCl Concentration(wt%),80,000,70,000,60,000,50,000,40,000,30,000,
46、20,000,10,000,0,0,0.2,0.4,0.6,1.0,980,940,5984,934,981,941,1382,1342,Carbopol Polymer,Brookfield RVT 20 rpm,0.8,Viscosity,cP(mPas),Viscosity Response of Carbopol Gels to Salt,45,000,40,000,35,000,30,000,25,000,20,000,15,000,10,000,5,000,0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0,NaCl Concentration(wt%),1382,ETD 2020,1
47、342,1.0%Polymer pH 7.0,Brookfield RVT 20 rpm,Viscosity,cP(mPas),Viscosity Response of Carbopol Gels to Salt,NaCl Concentration(wt%),1.0%Polymer pH 7.0,Brookfield RVT 20 rpm,Carbopol Polymer,Viscosity,cP(mPas),Viscosity vs.Polymer Concentrationin NaCl Solution,(in 1%NaCl salt solution at pH 7.6),Carb
48、opol 934,Carbopol 940,Carbopol 941,Carbopol ETD 2020,Carbopol Ultrez 10,Thickening a 5%NaCl Solution,100,000,10,000,1,000,100,1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,Polymer Concentration(wt%),Carbopol 1342,Carbopol 941,Carbopol 940,Brookfield RVT 20 rpm,Viscosity,cP(mPas),阳离子的影响,阳离子的影响透明度下降黏度损失Complexation of anionic
49、polymer causes precipitation因由Carbopol 树脂是阴离子聚合物解决方法使用非常低浓度的阳离子加入阳离子之前中和采用低电荷密度高分子量的阳离子比如:聚季胺盐-39,阳离子瓜尔胶采用耐离子的Carbopol ETD 2020,紫外光的影响,紫外光的影响:黏度损失透明度下降解决方法:加入紫外吸收剂(如二苯甲酮-4)加入EDTA二钠注意:紫外吸收剂 和EDTA二钠有增效作用紫外吸收剂用量:0.05%,温度的影响,Dry Carbopol polymer:-Stable to 104 C(Tg of Carbopol polymer)-Decomposition com
50、plete in 30 minutes at 260 CCarbopol polymer in formulations:-Useful under freeze-thaw conditions-Minimal viscosity change with temperature-Stable at high temperatures,Broad Temperature Stability,100,000,10,000,1,000,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,Temperature(C),Carbopol 940,Carbopol 941,Carbopol 934,Polymer C
