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1、Unit 2 Cloning-Reading,CLONING:WHERE IS IT LEADING US?,克隆一直在我们左右并且已经被大多数人接受。它是一种用来准确复制其他动物或者植物的方法。在植物方面，克隆就发生在园丁从正在生长的植物上切去切口用来制造新的植株的时候。在动物方面也有克隆现象，比如说两个拥有同样性别以及外貌的同卵双胞胎。这两个事实都是自然界里的克隆例子。,Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or pl
2、ant.It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.,表语从句,exact adj.精确的准确的 exactly adv.cutti
3、ng n.剪枝/剪报/剪纸 cut v.剪切/切/删剪identical adj.完全同样的，相同的;同卵的adentkl n.完全相同的事物;同卵双胞 sex and appearance 性别和相貌,Cloning has two major uses.Firstly,gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants.Secondly,it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on anim
4、als.Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.,commerical adj.贸易的，商业的commercekm:s n.商业，贸易;交往 commoditykmdtn.商品;日用品quantities of=a quantity of 许多（修可数名词/不可数）straightforward stretf:wdadj.直截了当的;明确的 adv.直截了当地;坦率地;,克隆有2方面的主要用途。首先，园丁可以一直用它生产具有商业价值的植物。其次，它对于新的植物物种以及动物医药方面的研
5、究极具价值性。植物克隆相对于动物克隆来说简单得多，而动物克隆则比较困难。,It is a difficult task to undertake.Many attempts to clone mammals failed.But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough-the cloning of Dolly the sheep.The procedure works like this:,undertake ndtekvt.承担，从事;保证;un
6、dertaking n.任务，事业 undertaker n.承担者，承办者attempt to do 尝试去做breakthrough n.突破pay off 得到好的结果，取得成功，偿清procedure n.程序，过程，步骤,动物克隆是一项难以施行的任务。许多去克隆哺乳动物的尝试都以失败告终。但是在最后，科学家们凭借着决心和耐心终于在1996年取得了突破性的成功成功地克隆出了多利羊。这项工作的步骤如下：,On the one hand,the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clon
7、e,Dolly the sheep.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.,On the one hand（两个对立方面的）一方面encouraging 令
8、人鼓舞的 促进的disturbing dst:badj.烦扰的;令人不安的;cast down 抛下;丢下;降低;使失望；使沮丧;,Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years,half the length of the life of the original sheep.Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species,such as cloned mice.The questions that concerned all scientists were:Would this be a ma
9、jor difficulty for all cloned animals?Would it happen forever?Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?,定语从句,表语从句,altogether adv.总共，完全地arbitrary adj.任意的，随意的correction n.修正，纠正，改正,多莉总共只存活了六年半，这是它的原型羊寿命的一半。可悲的是，同样无法控制的命运也在影响着其他物种，如克隆鼠。科学家的脑海里产生的问题是：“这是不是所有的克隆动物的一个主要困难呢？”这
10、种现象会不会永远发生？如果改进程序。问题会不会解决？,On the other hand,Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.It became controversial.It suddenly opened everybodys eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human be
11、ings.,one the other hand(两对立面的)另一方面objection n.反对，异议 object v.不赞成 反对 objective adj 客观的，客观存在的the media 大众传媒 medium n.媒体（复数：media）controversial adj.引起争议的raise a storm掀起风暴,引起风波open ones eyes 拓展某人视野cure serious illnesses 治愈严重的疾病,另一方面，多莉的出生引起了一阵强烈的反对，对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了巨大的影响。它引起了争议，因为他突然打开了人们的眼界，看到了有可能：用克隆技
12、术来治疗重病，甚至是克隆出人类。,Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain,newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.Religious leaders also raised moral questions.Governments became nervous and more conservative.,a
13、t present 目前embryo embrin.胚，胚胎;胚芽;obtain btenvt.获得，得到(目的）vi.通行，通用;attain tenvt.&vi.达到，获得(同义词gain/get)conservative.adj.保守的,尽管目前供克隆研究的人体细胞和胚胎还很难得到，但是报纸报道说，有些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他的野心。宗教领袖也提出了道德方面的问题。各国政府惶恐不安而且更加谨慎，,Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning,but other c
14、ountries like China and the UK,continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.However,scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.,reform n/v.改革forbid v.禁止，不准 过去式：forbade/forbad 过去分词：forbiddenaccumulate vt.积累，聚积 n.a
15、ccumulation 积累，聚积abundant bndntadj.大量的，充足的;丰富的，Sb wonder whether 想知道是否,有些政府开始改革司法制度，明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究。但是其他国家如中国和英国，现在还在继续收集克隆技术有可能提供妇幼的医疗救助的证据。然而，科学家们仍对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类，以及克隆技术讲吧我们引向何处困惑,1 shortly adv.立刻，不久 short adj.矮的，短的，不足的2 retire vi.退休 离开 n.retirement 退休 adj.retired 已退休的3 bother vt 打扰 操心bothersome adj.一起麻烦的，困扰人的4.regulation n.规则，规章 regulate v.整顿，管理 regular adj.规定的，定期的5.resist v.抵抗，对抗 resistance n.抵制，抗拒 resistant adj.抵抗的，有抵抗力的 resister n.抵制者，抵抗者6.reasonable adj.合情理的 反义 unreasonable,
