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1、English for Specific Purposes(ESP),Zhaoyu Yang Jun.16,2014,Contents,1,1,The end of the Second World War heralded an age of enormous and unprecedented expansion in scientific,technical,and economic activity on a global scale.English took the role as the demanded international language of technology a
2、nd commerce.From its early beginnings in the 1960s ESP(English for Specific Purposes)has undergone significant development in the West,especially in the English-speaking countries.,the Background of ESP Research,The third scientific and technological revolution in the 20th century initiated the tide
3、 of learning English as a foreign language in many other non-native speaking countries(NNS).English for Specific Purposes was accepted as a member in the family of the English language teaching in China,and grew rapidly.,the Background of ESP Research,A widely accepted opinion was that the ESP was s
4、tarted in 1962,when a research article,Some Measurable Characteristics of Modern Scientific Prose(Barber)was published.,the Background of ESP Research,ESP is an approach to language teaching in which all decisions as to content and method are based on the learners reason for learning;it should be se
5、en not as any particular language product but an approach to language teaching which is directed by specific and apparent reasons for learning.,Definitions of ESP,Hutchinson&Waters,1987:19,Hutchinson and Waters(1987:19)later described ESP in the following way.“ESP is an approach in language teaching
6、 in which all decisions as to content and method are based on the learners reason for learning”.,Definition of ESP,ESP was defined as“English for civil servants;for policemen;for officials of the law;for doctors and nurses;for specialists in agriculture;for engineers and fitters”in the Linguistic Sc
7、ience and Language Teaching in 1964.,Halliday,McIntosh&Strevens,1964,He revised the above absolute characteristics by claiming that ESP is designed to meet specified needs of learners;ESP makes use of underlying methodology and activities of the discipline it serves;ESP may use,in specific teaching
8、situations,a different methodology from that of general English.,Dudley Evans,1998,ESP,standing for English for Specific Purposes,is divided into many types:EST,EBE and ESS,short forms of English for Science and Technology,English for Business and Economy and English for Social Sciences respectively
9、,etc.ESP 强调从专业的需求出发，探求一种英语与专业相结合的方式，如法律英语，商务英语，旅游英语，科技英语等，不仅涉及语言和语言学知识，教育知识，还涉及各行业的专业知识。,ESP in the west Register Analysis语域分析阶段Rhetorical or Discourse Analysis修辞或语篇分析阶段Skills and strategies技巧与策略分析阶段Learning-centered Approach以学习为中心阶段,ESP Development,ESP in China Preliminary Stage(1979-1993)According
10、 to the searching result from,before 1994,only two articles involved“ESP”label.,ESP Development,Growing Stage(1994-2000)ESP theory in this period gradually became more and more familiar to Chinas English teachers and scholars.However,domestic articles on ESP in this period mainly focused on the defi
11、nition and classification of ESP,almost regardless of its relation to general and applied linguistics.,Prosperous Stage（2001 to now）At present there is about 19,000,000 students in about 1030 higher education institutes”.(刘润清，戴曼纯，2003:12).ESP represents the tendency of ELT development in the 21 cent
12、ury.(刘润清，1996).ESP signals the orientation of Chinas College English Teaching Reform.(蔡基刚，2004),According to Hutchinson&Waters（1978）,English teaching divide into EGP and ESP.The primary teaching task of EGP are:lay a language foundation,master the basic vocabulary and grammar rules for the purpose o
13、f normal communication.,ESP Teaching,ESP 教学是EGP教学的延伸和扩展，是学生的语言知识和技能在普特英语发展到一定阶段后继续提高和强化的必经过程，是为满足学生专业学习的需要进一步培养学生语言工作能力的一个重要教学内容，这也是高等教育培养体系中外语教学的最终目标之一。,ESP Teaching,It is imperative that the college English course should reduce EGP content and increase the ESP teaching content.Many scholars(许国璋198
14、6；刘润清，1996；程雨民，2002；秦秀白，2003；陆剑明，2010)proposed this point early.Professor Cai Jigang(2010)in Fudan University also agree with this point.He pointed out the future orientation of college English teaching should be the ESP teaching rather than humanistic English.,ESP Teaching,ESP has been receiving mo
15、re attention in the educational sector,although Chinese ESP practitioners did not make salient contribution to the systematic development of ESP theories.In China,the ESP teaching research has changes from simple theoretical research to combine theory with practice.Many universities in China have op
16、ened he ESP courses and achieved preliminary results accordingly.,ESP is based on needs analysis,to the curriculum for the soul,to student-centered and learning-centered and take demands of society as its orientation.It combines English and professional knowledge together in order to complement each
17、 other promoting common development.,Conclusion,ESP teaching is the extension and continuity of EGP teaching.It is the strategic adjustment that meets the need for talent of the national economic development.Besides,ESP teaching integrating in college English teaching is the imperative trend of social development.,ESP以需求分析为基础，以课程设置为灵魂，以学生和学习为中心，以社会需求为导向，将英语和英语专业知识结合起来，互相补充，共同发展。ESP 教学是普通英语教学的扩展和延续，是大学英语教学顺应我国社会经济发展对人才的需要而进行的战略调整，把专门用途英语教学融入大学英语教学是社会发展的必然趋势。,
