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1、On Tuesday afternoon, as news about the Virginia Tech murders filtered out, the staff of a hamburger restaurant in downtown Austin gathered in front of a television suspended over the bar. A boyish-looking waiter speculated that if the gunman had really used a 9mm handgun, he must have had an accomp
2、lice. That handgun can hold a fair number of bullets, he said, but the gunman would have had to stop to reload.It is not unusual for a Texan to be casually conversant about firearms. A state resident does not need a permit to buy a gun and guns do not have to be registered. Police are, as a result,
3、not sure how many guns there are in the state. But the number is substantial. In a 2001 poll by the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, 36% of respondents said that their household had at least one.The states gun laws are lax, and becoming more so all the time. In March Governor Rick Perry
4、signed a bill into law that gives increased discretion to open fire. Previously, Texans were justified in killing someone only if “a reasonable person in the actors situation would not have retreated”. The new law, which takes effect in September, eliminates the need for escape attempts. It assumes
5、that the otherwise law-abiding citizen had a good reason for standing their ground. It also gives shooters immunity from civil suits.The law has plenty of critics. Law-enforcement officials say the duty to retreat saves lives because it discourages people from escalating conflicts. The new law seems
6、 to protect hysterical trigger-fingers who feel themselves genuinely threatened when no real threat exists. The law was probably not necessary anyway. There is no carjacking crisis in the state. And juries have never been sticklers about the duty to retreat. There is widespread sympathy for the idea
7、 that, as Oliver Wendell Holmes put it in 1921, “Detached reflection cannot be demanded in the presence of an uplifted knife.”Still, the bill flew through the legislature with broad support. In a way, it simply marks a return to form for the state. Texas did not acknowledge a duty to retreat until 1
8、973. And Texas is just the 16th state to pass such legislation since Florida did so in 2005. Floridas law goes even further, as it presumes that any cat burglar has murderous intent.Texans largely support gun ownership, despite the fact that the state has experienced mass murders of its own. In 1966
9、 Charles Whitman, a student at the University of Texas at Austin, shot almost 50 passers-by from the top of the campus clock-tower. Sixteen died. And in 1991 George Hennard drove his truck into a restaurant in the small town of Killeen, where he killed 23 patrons before killing himself. Before this
10、week, those episodes were, respectively, the deadliest campus shooting and the worst mass shooting in Americas history.1. The waiter speculated that the murderer must have had an accomplice because_A the murderer was too young to commit such a serious murder by himself.B the murderer need an aid to
11、reload bullets for him. C the murderer need someone to carry the weapon for him.D the murderer was instigated by some behind the curtain.2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the bill signed by the governer? A The bill could better safeguard the law-abiding citizen.B The bill will enco
12、urage people to use guns more frequently.C The bill will make the gun laws of Texas more lax.D The bill will prevent gun owners from all civil suits. 3.Towards the new gun law of Texas, the law-enforcement officials attitude can be said to be_A supportive.B opposing.C indifferent. D unclear.4. The i
13、dea conveyed by Oliver Wendell Holmes statement is _A that people will naturally resist when feeling threatened.B that people will need to protect themselves when facing crisis.C that people naturally feel threatened even there is no real danger.D that people will retreat when founding the danger.5.
14、 Which one of the following is TRUE of Texas law? A Texas is the 16th state to pass the duty to retreat through the legislature.B Texas new law won broad support from gun owners. C Floridas law goes too far away when compared with the new law of Texas. DThe new law was passed quite smoothly.文章剖析：这篇文
15、章讲述了德克萨斯州的枪支法律。第一段由一条新闻说明了德州人对枪支的熟悉程度；第二段讲述德州枪支拥有的情况；第三、四段讲述德州一项新的枪支法律使得该州的枪支法更为宽松；第五段讲述虽然之前有许多枪杀惨案，但是德州仍然支持强制合法。词汇注释：conversant adj. 熟悉的discretion n. 行动的自由hysterical adj. 异常兴奋的stickler n. 坚持己见的人难句突破：(1)On Tuesday afternoon, as news about the Virginia Tech murders filtered out, the staff of a hambur
16、ger restaurant in downtown Austin gathered in front of a television suspended over the bar.主体句式 The staff gathered in front of结构分析 这是一个复合句，as引导的时间状语从句做句子的状语；后面suspended 是television的定语。句子译文 星期二下午，关于弗吉尼亚科技学院杀人案的消息传开后，奥斯汀市区一家汉堡包餐厅的员工聚集在吧台上方的电视机前。(2) There is widespread sympathy for the idea that, as Ol
17、iver Wendell Holmes put it in 1921, “Detached reflection cannot be demanded in the presence of an uplifted knife.”主体句式 There is widespread sysmpathy for the idea.结构分析 这是一个复合句，that引导的是宾语the idea的同位语；as引导的是定语从句，用来修饰后面引号中的句子。句子译文 公众普遍认同1921年Oliver Wendell Holmes提出的建议，“面对已经举起的刀时不能要求人们没有任何反应。”题目分析：1. The
18、 waiter speculated that the murderer must have had an accomplice because_1.侍者推测凶手一定有同谋，因为_A the murderer was too young to commit such a serious murder by himself.A凶手太年轻了，不可能单独一个人就能犯下这么严重的罪行。B the murderer need an aid to reload bullets for him.B 凶手需要助手给自己装子弹。C the murderer need someone to carry the w
19、eapon for him.C 凶手需要有人为自己拿武器。D the murderer was instigated by some behind the curtain.D 凶手受到幕后人的指使。答案B难度系数 分析推理题。从这位侍者所说的话可以推断出来，他说这种手枪只能装下一定数量的子弹，他中间得停下来装弹，否则不可能一下子杀死这么多人。因此，因为他需要有人为他装子弹，所以侍者才这样说。选项中B符合题意。2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the bill signed by the governer?2.关于州长签署的议
20、案，下列哪个陈述是正确的？A The bill could better safeguard the law-abiding citizen.A议案可以更好地保护遵纪守法的公民。B The bill will encourage people to use guns more frequently.B 议案会鼓励人们更频繁地使用枪支。C The bill will make the gun laws of Texas more lax.C议案使得德州的枪支法律更为宽松。D The bill will ensure the duty to retreat.D 议案保证了退却义务。答案C难度系数
21、分析 推理题。文章第三段提到，该州长签署的议案去除了辨别是否有逃跑企图的需要，也就是说不管对方是否想要逃跑，公民都可以开枪。该法律赋予了公民更为宽松的枪支法律，没有倡导退却义务。因此，选项B、D陈述是不正确的，C选项是正确陈述。A选项，该法律不一定能更好地保护公民，因为可能会使冲突升级，反而不利于公民的安全。3.Towards the new gun law of Texas, the law-enforcement officials attitude can be said to be_3.对于德克萨斯新的枪支法令，法律执行官员的态度可以说是_A supportive.A 支持的。B op
22、posing.B 反对的。C indifferent.C 不关心的。D unclear.D 不明确的。答案B难度系数 分析细节题。文章第四段提到了执法人员对该法律的看法，他们认为退却义务可以救命，因为可以防止人们的冲突升级。而新法律没有确保这种退却义务。而且第四段一开头就说有许多对该法案的批评，接着就是执法人员的看法，这是说明批评的一个例子。因此，他们的态度是反对的，B选项为正确答案。4. The idea conveyed by Oliver Wendell Holmes statement is _4. Oliver Wendell Holmes的话表达的意思是_A that people
23、 will naturally resist when feeling threatened.A 人们感到威胁时会自然地抵抗。B that people will need to protect themselves when facing crisis.B 人们会在面临危机的时候保护自己。C that people naturally feel threatened even there is no real danger.C即使没有真正的危险时人们也会感到受到了威胁。D that people will retreat when founding the danger.D 人们发现危险时会
24、撤退。答案 A难度系数 分析 推理题。Oliver Wendell Holmes 所说的话为：“面对已经举起的刀时不能要求人们没有任何反应。”结合上下文，上文谈的是这项法律是没有必要存在的，提到这句话是为了反对法律允许不管人们是否有没有逃跑的企图都可以开枪。这句话引申到枪支上，也就是说如果人们看到枪支不会无动于衷，一般会发生抵抗，这样会造成更大的冲突。因此，选项中A最为符合题意。5. Which one of the following is TRUE of Texas law?5.关于德州的法律，下列哪个陈述是正确的？A Texas is the 16th state to pass the
25、 duty to retreat through the legislature.A德州是第十六个经过立法机构机构通过退却义务的州。B Texas new law won broad support from gun owners.B 德州的新法律得到了枪支拥有者们的广泛支持。C Floridas law goes too far away when compared with the new law of Texas.C相比德州的新法律，佛罗里达州的法律走得太远了。D The new law was passed quite smoothly.D 新法律顺利通过。答案 D难度系数 分析 细节
26、题。选项A，德州是第十六个通过允许公民不辨别逃跑就可以开枪的法律，不是通过退却义务的。选项B，文章中提到“德克萨斯州的人们支持枪支合法”，不仅仅是枪支的拥有者们，因此该选项过于狭隘。选项C，佛罗里达州的法律比德州的更为宽松。选项D，第五段提到“该法律还是获得了广泛的支持最终通过了立法”，正是赢得了广泛的支持，该法律才得以通过，因此是正确陈述。参考译文：星期二下午，关于弗吉尼亚科技学院杀人案的消息传开后，奥斯汀市区一家汉堡包餐厅的员工聚集在吧台上方的电视机前。一个看上去还是个大男孩的侍者推测如果这个开枪者真的用了一把9毫米口径的手枪，那么他肯定有一个同谋。他说，这种手枪只能装下一定数量的子弹，他
27、中间得停下来继续装弹。德克萨斯人在聊天时可以对枪支侃侃而谈，这并不鲜见。德州居民不需要许可证就可以购买枪支，而拥有枪支也不需要登记。因此，警察也不确定该州到底有多少枪支，但数量应该相当可观。2001年“行为风险因素监察调查”中，36%的被调查者称他们家中至少有一支枪。该州的枪支法律不很严格，而且有越来越松的倾向。3月份，Rick Perry州长签署了一项议案，增加了开枪的自由。以前，只有“行动者为有理智的人且没有撤退”的情况下 德克萨斯人开枪才是合法的。而将于9月份生效的新法律却去掉了辨别是否有逃跑企图的这种需要。新法律认为守法公民有理由坚持他们的立场。这也将使得开枪者免于民事诉讼。该法律受到
28、了许多批评。法律执行官员称退却义务可以救命，因为这种义务能防止冲突升级。新法律似乎在保护那些处于兴奋状态的开枪者，他们在没有真正威胁的情况下却感觉到自己受到了威胁。该法律可能不是必需的。在该州并没有截车的危险，陪审团也并未坚持要求退却义务。公众普遍认同1921年Oliver Wendell Holmes提出的建议，“面对已经举起的刀时不能要求人们没有任何反应。”但是，该法律还是获得了广泛的支持才最终得以立法。在某种程度上，这表示了该州回归形式的趋向。德克萨斯直到1973年才承认了退却义务，却是美国第十六个通过这种法律的州，此前是佛罗里达州于2005年通过了该法律。佛罗里达州的法律更加离谱，认为
29、任何窃贼都有杀人的企图。德克萨斯州的人们支持枪支合法，尽管该州曾经历过多次大规模的杀人事件。1966年，奥斯汀德克萨斯大学一名学生Charles Whitman从学校钟塔上向50名行人开枪，导致16人死亡。1991年，George Hennard驾驶自己的卡车进入基林小镇的一家餐馆，杀死了23名顾客，最后自杀。而本周前发生的是美国历史上最为恐怖的校园枪击案，也是最残酷的多人被杀枪击案。Kids heading back to enlightened schools this fall may find nutrition and exercise on the agenda even in m
30、ath class. In an effort to reverse the alarming increase of obesity in children, some schools have found ways to encourage healthful lifestyle changes without emphasizing the negativetoo much body weight. Planet Health, developed by Harvard University researchers and now used in hundreds of schools
31、throughout the country, integrates obesity prevention lessons into the science, math, and social studies curricula, for example. Students come to appreciate the importance of reducing TV time by calculating during math class the amount of their lifetime theyve spent in front of the set. In gym, they
32、 decide on goals for subbing in physical activity instead.The program costs only about 15 per student annually, a bargain, considering the payoffs: A 2005 study published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine found that middle-school girls who had Planet Health in their schools were h
33、alf as likely to purge or use diet pills as those in schools without it. It really focuses on the positive, and thats why we think its protective against these dangerous behaviors, says study author Bryn Austin, an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School.A second program adopted
34、by 7,000 elementary schools nationwide, the Coordinated Approach to Child Health (CATCH), similarly puts the focus on good health habits instead of weight. In class, students use a traffic-light system to identify go, slow, and whoa foods and take breaks to do jumping jacks. In the cafeteria, fruits
35、, vegetables, low-fat milk, and whole-grain starches are labeled with green-light tags, and pizza gets a yellow light. Gym activities are designed to keep students constantly moving. Every kid gets a ball to dribble or a hula hoop; theres no lining up and waiting to take a turn, says Phil Nader, pro
36、fessor of pediatrics emeritus at the University of CaliforniaSan Diego, who helped develop CATCH.A three-year study comparing CATCH schools with others without the program found that CATCH increased the proportion of gym class spent in motion, from 40 percent to 50 percent, and reduced the consumpti
37、on of fat in schools from 39 percent of total calories to 32 percent. A second study found that the program prevented the growth in number of overweight students that normally occurs from grade 3 to grade 5. CATCH students in El Paso, Texas (with one of the highest obesity rates in the nation), held
38、 the line between those grades, but in schools without the program, the share of overweight girls increased from 26 percent to 40 percent and of overweight boys from 29 percent to 39 percent.Glen Cove Elementary School, near El Paso in Ysleta, was one of the first schools to adopt CATCH, and parents
39、 there have learned to eat better and exercise more along with their kids. We have a day where everyone comes to fly kites and Wellness Wednesdays where family members run around for 20 minutes with their kids, says physical education teacher Ben Avalos, who brought the program to Glen Cove in 1998.
40、 Parents also tell me their kids have gotten them to throw out the whoa foods in the house. Avalos uses walking sticks, pogo sticks, and Chinese yo-yos in gym classand nobody relaxes on the sidelines.1. The study published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine shows_A that girls who h
41、ad Planet Health were less obese than those who had not. B that girls who had Planet Health were of a healthier lifestyle than those who had not.C that girls who had Planet Health were more confident than those who had not.D that girls who had Planet Health were more used to control weight in positi
42、ve means than those who had not.2. The word “whoa” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_A fast. B stop.C pause.D no.3. In the CATCH, Pizza is a kind of _food. A dangerousB yellow-light C highly-nutritious D less healthy 4. According to the second study of comparing CATCH schools with others wit
43、hout the program, CATCH students in EL Pasco_A were not growing weight from grade 3 to grade 5.B were perceived from normal weight growth from grade 3 to grade 5.C were not growing weight from grade3 to grade 5.D were losing to overweight from grade 3 to grade5.5. Which one of the following statemen
44、ts is TRUE of Glen Cove Elmentary School? A The school adopt CATCH in order to change lifestyle of the school childrens family. B The school applied CATCH to the school childrens parents.C The school wanted to help children to form good health habits with the help of their parents.D The CATCH school
45、 children also teaches their family how to live healthily文章剖析：这篇文章介绍了目前在学校实施的一些防治肥胖的营养项目。第一、二段讲述“行星健康”项目；第三段讲述“儿童健康合作方法”项目的内容；第四、五段讲述实施“儿童践看合作方法”的成效。词汇注释：payoff n. 报酬pediatric n. 小儿科的purge v. 使腹泻jacks n. 抓子游戏starch n. 淀粉 dribble v. 运球hula hoop n. 呼拉圈 emeritus adj. 名誉退休的难句突破：(1)Planet Health, develop
46、ed by Harvard University researchers and now used in hundreds of schools throughout the country, integrates obesity prevention lessons into the science, math, and social studies curricula, for example.主体句式 Planet Health integrates into结构分析 这是一个简单句，developedand now used是过去分词结构作定语修饰主语。句子译文 “行星健康”是哈佛大学
47、研究者们的成果，目前已经在全国的上百家学校推行，该项目将防止肥胖课程与科学、数学、社会学等课程结合了起来。(1)A three-year study comparing CATCH schools with others without the program found that CATCH increased the proportion of gym class spent in motion, from 40 percent to 50 percent, and reduced the consumption of fat in schools from 39 percent of tota
