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1、,subjunctive mood,Grammar,-梁志玲,1.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,一、虚拟语气定义,Q:Whats the difference between the two sentences?,If I am free,I will visit you.,If I were a bird,I would fly into the sky.,（虚拟条件句）,(真实条件句）,a.if真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有
2、可能实现的,采用陈述语气。,b.if虚拟条件句表示对事实的相反的假设，或是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。,What would you do if you won the lottery（彩票）?If I won the lottery,I would,Discussion,If I won the lottery,I would buy an expensive car.,1.与现在事实相反,If I were the schoolmaster,I would let the students get up a little later.,schoolmaster,总 结,did（b
3、e动词用were),would(should/might/could)动原,If he had driven more carefully,he would not have had the car accident yesterday.,2.与过去事实相反,If he had got up early,he would not have been late for school.,如果他早起，他就不会上学迟到。,had+done,would(should/might/could)have done,总 结,If I met Obama some day,I would shake hands
4、 with him.If I were to meet Obama some day,If I should meet Obama some day,3.与将来事实相反,1、did(be用were)2、were to do3、should do,would(should/might/could)动原,总 结,一般条件句中的虚拟语气,if条件句中的虚拟语气,高考链接,一、语法填空：1.If I _(not,see)it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it.(2015.北京卷）2.Why didnt you tell me about your
5、trouble last week?If you _(tell)me,I could have helped.(2016.北京卷）3.If I had time this evening,I _(go)to your birthday party.4.If it should rain,the crops _(save).,hadnt seen,had told,would go,would be saved,二、单句改错：1.If you are me,would you talk to them?(2015.四川卷）2.I know nothing about the film.If I
6、knew about it,I will tell you.3.If she worked hard enough,she would have passed the English exam.,were,would,had,三、书面表达（2013.广东卷）,对现在的虚拟,1.假如我们的城市中没有清洁工，我们会生活在一个很糟糕的环境中。2.假如我们的城市中没有清洁工，我们会被垃圾淹没。3.假如我们的城市中没有清洁工，疾病会迅速传播。,1.If therewerenocleanersinthecity,we would live in a badenvironment.2.If therewer
7、enocleanersinthecity,we would be drowned in the rubbish.3.If therewerenocleanersinthecity,diseases would spread quickly.,Translation,二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气,1.I wish+宾语从句,现在：过去：将来：,过去时(be用were),过去完成时(had done),would/could do,I wish I were a bird.(现在)I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.(过去)We wish our parents wo
8、uldnt punish us.(将来),I wish I _(fly)like a bird some day.,could fly,I wish every day _(be)my birthday.,were,I wish I _(not eat)so much watermelon.,hadnt eaten,2.I would rather,现在：将来：过去：,I would rather you _(pay)me now.(现在),I would rather you _(go)there yesterday.(过去),Dont come.I would rather you _(c
9、ome)tomorrow.(未来),过去时,过去完成时,过去时,paid,had gone,came,三、常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command 三条建议：advise,suggest,propose四项要求：demand,require,request,ask,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。,1.我们建议Tom去休息一下。2.他坚决要求我到场。3.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,1.We suggested that Tom a rest.,2.He insisted that I
10、present.,3.They requested that we them,should have,(should)be,should send,to work there.,当suggest 表示“暗示,表明”;insist表示“坚持认为”时;不用虚拟语气！,His accent suggests that he comes from Hunan.,I insist that he was wrong.,温馨提示,3).Its（high）time+that-,should+V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该睡觉了。,Its high time that you.Its high time t
11、hat you.,Its time that we.Its time that we to bed.,went,should go,went to bed,should go,4）Its necessary/strange/natural/important/a pity+that-从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形,1.It is important that we(should)master a foreign language.2.It is strange that she should refuse to come to the party.3.Its necessa
12、ry that we should study hard.,5）as if/though+从句,现在：过去：,过去时,过去完成时,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,She loves the baby as if it were her own son.,6）If only 要是.就好了=I wish If only I knew his name now!If only we had followed your advice last time!If only I could see him again next year!
13、,现在：过去：将来:,一般过去时（be用were）,had done,would/could+动词原形,if only,7)Its suggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that 后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以(should)+v原.的形式出现。,Its ordered that teachers(should)teach English at schools.,Its requested that all the students(should)wear sch
14、ool uniforms at school.,以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句 和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以(should)+v原.的形式出现。,My suggestion is that you(should)go home first before coming here.,My advice is that you(should)practise speaking English as often as possible.,注意:当suggest 表示“暗示”;insist表示“坚持认为”时;不用虚拟语气！,His accent suggests that he comes
15、 from Hunan.,I insist that he was wrong.,1 He suggested that the meeting put off.A.is B.was C.would be D.should be 2 It is strange that he so.A.thinks B.think C.thought D.will think 3 I wish I my uncle yesterday.A.met B.have met C.would meet D.had met,4 The old professor gave orders that the experim
16、entbefore 6.A.was finished B.will finish C.should be finished D.shall be finished,5 Its high time that he home.A.goes B.went C.will go D.is going to go,6 If only I _to my parents advice!A.listeningB.listen C.am listeningD.had listened,7.If the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident,the child would have been saved.,A.arrives B.arrive C.had arrived D.has arrived,Thank you,
