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1、Specialty English,汽车工程学院玄圣夷,1.1 Automobile Construction,engine 发动机car body 车身car frame 车架brake system 制动系统suspension system 悬架系统steering system 转向系统power train system 动力传动系统clutch 离合器transmission=gear box 变速器drive shaft=propeller shaft 传动轴final drive gears 主减速器differential 差速器,accessory 附件heater 供暖设
2、备windshield wiper风挡玻璃、刮水器combustion 燃烧internal combustion engine 内燃机combustion chamber 燃烧室piston 活塞connecting rod 连杆crankshaft 曲轴camshaft 凸轮轴cylinder 气缸pushrod 推杆,four-stroke-cycle 四冲程循环intake stroke 进气行程compression 压缩行程power stroke 做功行程exhaust stroke 排气行程top dead center=TDC 上止点bottom dead center=BD
3、C 下止点air-fuel mixture 空气燃油混合气valve 气门、阀；port 气口、进排气口intake/inlet valve 进气门exhaust valve 排气门spark plug 火花塞,1.2 Layout of an automobile,carburetor 化油器air filter/cleaner 空气滤清器radiator 散热器silencer 消声器dynamo 发电机universal joint 万向节leaf spring 钢板弹簧steering box 转向器timing gear 正时齿轮king pin 主销rolling radius 滚
4、动半径,brake drum 制动鼓 brake disk 制动盘brake shoes 制动蹄brake caliper 制动钳brake pedal 制动踏板brake pad 制动衬块、制动摩擦块wheel hub 轮毂hydraulic system 液压系统lever 杠杆linkage 连接机构spline 花键、用花键连接,2.1 Engine,carburetor 化油器air cleaner 空气滤清器oil pickup 机油集滤器oil pan 油底壳in-line engine 直列式发动机opposed engine 对置式发动机diesel 柴油；gasoline
5、汽油cylinder bore 缸径cylinder block 气缸体,reciprocating engine 往复式发动机rotary engine 转子发动机combustion chamber 燃烧室connecting rod 连杆wristpin=piston pin 活塞销cylinder head 气缸盖air-fuel ratio 空气/燃油混合比seal 密封blower 鼓风机crank 曲柄clearance volume 余隙容积,2.1.1 Reciprocating Engine,2.1.2 Engine Block,crankcase 曲轴箱die cast
6、压铸；forge 锻造；weld 焊接cast iron 铸铁；alloy 合金；steel 钢molten 熔化的、熔融的sand mold 砂型；sand core 砂芯expansion plug 膨胀塞frost plug 冰冻安全塞oil gallery 润滑油道drill 钻孔,cylinder liner/sleeve 气缸套dry cylinder liner 干式气缸衬套wet cylinder liner 湿式气缸衬套ported cylinder liner 孔式气缸衬套water jacket 水套counter bore 沉孔gasket/washer 垫圈exhau
7、st manifold 排气管valve guide 气门导管seal ring 密封环,bore 孔、镗孔、缸径bored/boring 镗孔的boring cutter 镗刀align bored 同心镗bolt 螺栓；nut 螺母；thread 螺纹screw 螺钉；cap screw 有帽螺钉press fit 过盈配合、紧配合loose fit 间隙配合、松配合,2.1.3 Crankshaft,forge 锻造friction bearing 滑动轴承bushing bearing 衬套轴承ball bearing 球轴承conical bearing 圆锥轴承bearing sh
8、ell 轴瓦crank 曲柄crank pin 曲柄销crank throw 曲拐pulley 皮带轮chamfer 倒角,thrust flange 止推凸缘endwise movement 轴向运动counter-weight 平衡重vibration damper 减振器torque converter 液力变矩器firing order 点火顺序key 键woodruff key 半圆键flat key 平键draw key 滑键spline 花键keyway 键槽,2.1.4 Piston,piston crown/head 活塞顶部piston skirt/bottom 活塞裙部p
9、iston pin 活塞销piston pin boss/support 活塞销座piston pin hole 活塞销孔piston ring 活塞环piston ring groove 活塞环槽hardness 硬度brittleness 脆性compression ring 压缩环、气环oil control ring 油环,flat-topped 平顶dome shaped 圆顶形irregular shaped 不规则形状ground 磨；bore 镗；drill 钻lathe 车；plane 刨；polish 抛光 caseharden 表面硬化tin-plated 镀锡；plat
10、e电镀chrome-faced 表面镀铬copper oxide-coated 铜氧化涂层plasma-faced 等离子表面,plunger 柱塞reinforcement 加强筋rib 加强肋ring gap 活塞环间隙ring side clearance 活塞环侧隙butt joint 对接lap joint 搭接bevel joint 斜接upper end of the rodlower end of the rodI-beam shaped 工字梁形的oil spurt hole 喷油孔alloy steel 合金钢,2.1.5 Valve,valve 气门valve guide
11、 气门导管valve seat 气门座valve stem 气门杆valve lifter 气门挺柱valve clearance 气门间隙spring retainer 弹簧支座heat capacity 热容量、比热heat resistance metal 耐热钢bearing journal 轴颈timing gear 正时齿轮,3.1 Clutch,clutch pedal 离合器踏板pedal travel 踏板行程clutch pressure plate 离合器压盘retainer 传力盘drive member 驱动部件driven member 从动部件adjusting
12、ring 调整环adapter ring 结合环friction ring 摩擦环diaphragm spring 膜片弹簧 torsional coil spring 扭转螺旋弹簧antirattle spring 减振弹簧,release bearing 分离轴承release lever 分离杠杆clutch/release fork 分离拨叉pull-type clutch 拉式离合器servo 伺服,伺服系统hydraulic fluid reservior 贮液室hydraulic line 液压管路pilot valve 引导阀wear indicator 磨损指示器exhaus
13、t port 排放孔，排气孔perimeter 周边，周长slot 狭孔，缝，狭槽engage（离合器）接合,3.2 Manual Transmission,drive line 动力传动系统transmission=gearing box 变速器gearing 档位gear shift mechanism 换挡机构input shaft 输入轴output shaft 输出轴countershaft 中间轴main gearing 主变速器auxiliary gearing 副变速器reverse 反转，倒档overdrive gearing 超速档idler shaft 惰轮轴neutra
14、l 空档,shift lever 变速杆shift rail拨叉轴shift fork 拨叉shift block 滑块retainer 自锁locks 互锁synchronizer sleeves 同步器啮合套propeller shaft 传动轴gear ratio 传动比constant-mesh gear 常啮合齿轮driving gear 主动齿轮a cluster of gear 齿轮组rim 齿圈coaxial 共轴的、同心的、同轴的align 使成一排、对中drain 排出、排水,3.4.1 Axles,heavy-duty truck 重型载货汽车driving axle 驱
15、动桥 steering axle 转向桥 trailer axle 拖车桥 axle shafts=axles 驱动桥半轴differential carrier assembly 差速器总成differential case 差速器壳体rear axle assembly 后桥总成double reduction axle双级减速驱动桥semi-floating type axle 半浮式车桥fully floating type axle 全浮式车桥differential spider 差速器十字轴differential pinion gear 差速器行星齿轮,pinion 小齿轮 p
16、inion gear 主动齿轮、小齿轮ring gear 第一级从动齿轮、圈齿、齿圈spiral bevel 螺旋锥齿轮；hypoid pinion 准双曲面小锥齿轮helical spur pinion 斜齿圆柱齿轮；exploded view 分解图、爆炸视图cutaway view 剖视图universal join 万向节wheel hub 轮毂thrust washer 止推垫圈、止推环gripping wheel驱动轮、附着轮、防滑车轮 flange 法兰盘、凸缘uneven 不平坦的、不规则的,3.4.2 Drive Shaft,drive axles 驱动轴propeller
17、shaft 传动轴universal joint 万向节ball and trunnion universal joint 球销式万向节a flexible joint 弹性联轴器slip joint 滑动连接slip yoke 滑动节叉slip spline 滑动花键torsional damper 扭力减震器jounce 颠簸，上下振动arc 弧度,weld 焊接 harden 淬火 ground 磨payload 有效载荷control arm 控制臂ball socket 球窝、球座pivot 枢轴cardan 万向接头snap ring 卡簧needle roller 滚针axle
18、space 轴距grease channel 润滑脂油道zerk 加油嘴graphit 石墨,3.5 Suspension System,equalizing beam 平衡梁torsion bar 扭杆梁air bag spring 空气弹簧constant rate spring 等刚度弹簧leaf spring 钢板弹簧shock absorber 减振器lock washer 锁止垫圈spring clip 弹簧夹U-bolt U形螺栓hang bracket 托架hanger=shackle 吊耳tandem drive axle 串联式驱动桥centerline 中心线torque
19、 rod 扭矩杆,saddle 鞍形、鞍状inertia 惯性draw key 滑键bushing 轴衬，套管stud 双头螺栓rubber load cushion 橡胶承载垫debris 碎片threaded 带螺纹的vibration-free 无振动的interleaf friction（钢板弹簧）簧片间摩擦trailer arm 拖臂tapered leaf spring 变截面钢板弹簧,3.6 Steering System,steering system 转向系统steering linkage 转向杆系steering wheel 转向盘steering column 转向柱t
20、ie-rod(转向)横拉杆pitman arm 转向摇臂steering knuckle 转向节steering arm 转向节臂instrument panel 仪表板air assist setups 空气助力机构cab 驾驶室forge 锻造,3.6.1 Manual Steering Gearing,worm and roller gear 蜗杆滚轮式转向器recirculating ball gear 循环球式转向器worm gear 蜗轮、蜗杆spiral groove 螺旋槽sector gear 扇形齿轮screw 螺钉ball bearing 滚子轴承ball joint 球
21、形节销ball nut 球形螺母adjuster plug 调整塞expansion plug 膨胀塞road feel 路感grease fitting 润滑油嘴,3.6.2 Front-end Alignment,front-end alignment 前轮定位kingpin 主销toe in 前束caster 主销后倾camber 车轮外倾steering axle inclination 转向轴线内倾spindle 轮轴gravity 重力centrifugal force 离心力right angle 直角positive 正的tipping 倾斜,3.7 Brake System,
22、hydraulic brake system 液力制动系统master cylinder 制动主缸brake disc 制动盘brake drum 制动鼓brake pedal 制动踏板brake shoe 制动蹄caliper 制动钳unloading mechanism 卸载机构、卸荷机构 pull-back spring 回位弹簧air brake system 气压制动系统pushrod 推杆,3.7.1 Air Brake system,compressor 空气压缩机brake chamber 制动器室brake valve 制动阀check valve 单向阀relay valv
23、e 继动阀、中继阀synchro valve 分路开关（同步阀）pressure protection valve 压力安全阀supply reservior 贮气室slack adjuster 制动器调节臂parking brake 驻车制动,lining 摩擦衬片brake pad 制动衬垫primary/forward/leading brake shoe 制动器领蹄secondary/reverse/trailing brake shoe 制动器从蹄sliding caliper disk brake 滑动卡钳式盘式制动器floating caliper disk brake 浮式卡钳
24、式盘式制动器rivet 用铆钉铆接maintenance 保养contaminant 污染物return spring 复位弹簧,3.7.2 Hydraulic Brake System,master cylinder 主缸wheel cylinder 轮缸viscosity 粘度、粘性hygroscopic 吸湿性corrode 腐蚀deteriorate 变质fire wall 前围板vent 通气孔bleeder ports 排气孔、排油孔bleeder screw 放气螺塞,retarder 缓速器stop plate 挡板snap ring 弹簧卡环 service brake 行车制动系throttle 油门、节气门engine brake 发动机制动torque converter 液力变矩器rotor 转子stator 定子,
