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1、英语句子结构 The Strucure of English Sentence,jigsaw,翻译一下句子How are you?How old are you?我的家乡发生了巨大变化。工厂里有许多工人在上班。人山人海不三不四,英语句子结构 The Strucure of English Sentence,字母alphabet,单词word,短语 phrase,句子sentence,所以单词是 最基本的语言单位,词根据词性可分为以下几种:,CHINESE名词 动词 形容词 数词 量词 代词 副词 介词 连词 助词叹词 拟声词,名词:河流 政治 上午动词:行为动词:跑 能愿动词:能,会 趋向动词
2、:来,去 判断词:是 形容词:高,矮,漂亮,快,慢 数词:确数概数序数 量词:个，只，次，回。代词:你我他(们),副词:动词、形容词前边:都，全,刚，恰好很，极,仿佛，渐渐。介词：从、以、当、为、按照，由于，对于，跟，比，在，关于，向。连词：一般连词：和,与,并,或。及关联词:不但，而且，虽然，但是。助词：结构助词：的 动态助词：着、了、过 语气助词：吗、吧、呢 叹词：啊、嗯 拟声词：沙沙 叮当,分析这句中的词性：今天我们看了一场很好看的电影,英语中词的分类名词 n.：可数名词n C tree book 不可数名词 n u water advice 动词 vt/vi:eat,have,cut,
3、go,run put,bring,be 形容词 adj:red;big;alone,alive 作表语/定语(前置/后置),代词 pron:人称代词：he,they,I 物主代词：his,theirs,mine 指示代词：this,that,those反身代词:myself,ourselves 相互代词：each other疑问代词：who,whose,whom which,what关系代词：that,who,which,as不定代词：anyone，someone,副词 adv:修饰动词，形容词，其它副词，及全句子,位置灵活。方式副词 fast,carefully,slowly,地点方向副词
4、home,down,come in 时间副词 today,recently,then,often强调副词 very good,exactly right Only because of you!连接副词 therefore,besides,otherwiseFortunately,no one was hurt.,介词prep:位于名词之前，名词作介词的宾语。按构成分为简单介词:in,at,from,since，of，about复合介词：as for,as to,out of 短语介词：according to,because of in spite of,on hehalf of 分词介词：
5、including 包括 concerning 关于 considering 考虑到 He wrote to me concerning a business arrangement Considering your age and your inexperience，youve done pretty well,连词 conj:按性质可分为等立连词：用以连接并列的单词，短语，从句或分句如and,or,but,besides.Time and tide wait for no man.Be quick,or else it may be too late.从属连词：用以引导名词性从句和状语从句
6、。前者如That,whether等。后者如when,although,because 等I rufuse to do it unless you help.(条件)I took this road because the policeman told me to.（原因）,助动词aux:本身无词义，仅帮助主要动词构成各种时态，语态，语气以及否定和疑问句。（除了一般现在时和一般过去时之外，所有时态都要用到助动词）do,does,have,be,will(would),shall(should),Do you always carry an umbrella?I dont like coffee
7、and neither does my wife.He was loved by millions and hated only by a handful.The telephone had been ringing for three minutes.You should have told me.,情态动词：只有情态含义，即表示说话人对工作的观点，如需要，可能，意愿或怀疑等。can,could，may,might,must,will,would shall,should(既是助动词也是情态动词)have to,ought to,need,dare be to,be going to（具有情
8、态意义）,冠词 art:a,an,the 数词 num:one two three,分析词性 He ran into her house hurriedly,but his mother was reading a piece of newspaper carefully.,英语最基本的句子单位是简单句简单句使用3种动词：系动词（am is are）及物动词 不及物动词简单句的5种基本句型：1.主语+系动词+表语（主+系+表）/（S+V+P）2.主语+不及物动词（主+动）（S+Vi）3.主语+及物动词+宾语（主+动+宾）/（S+Vt+O）4。主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（主+动+间宾+直
9、宾）/（S+Vt+o+O）5.主+及物动词+宾语+补语(主+动+宾+补)/(S+Vt+O+C),注：S=Subject（主语）Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物动词）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物动词）P=Predicative（表语）O=Object（宾语）C=Complement补语 A=Adverbial（状语）Attribute(定语),1.主语+系动词+表语（主+系+表）（S+V+P）The man is a teacher.He looks fine./The car is red.The book is on the desk.It s me.所以作主
10、语的词有：名词，代词 作表语的词有：名词，代词，形容词,由此衍生的句型有It is hard for me to pass the driving test.The doctor seemed very capable.There is a lamp on the table.Are you from Hubi?Who is the man?Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys.You could have been better.My question is how he did it.,2.主语+不及物动词（主+动）（S+Vi）这种结构不
11、可以变成被动语态。Everybody laughed.Tom died We study hard（常有状语）,3.主语+及物动词+宾语（主+动+宾）/（S+Vt+O）He likes swimming.We help each other.We study English.I dont know her.所以作宾语的词有：名词，代词.,由此衍生的句型有I wonder what hes writing to me about.Our house was built in 1969.My car has been repaired.It is said that they lost the g
12、ame.,4。主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（主+动+间宾+直宾）/（S+Vt+o+O）I told my friend the good news.She gave me an apple.He wrote his mother a letter.Mary lent me her car.,5.主+及物动词+宾语+补语(主+动+宾+补)/(S+Vt+O+C)They named the boy Jack.I want everything ready by eight oclock.We made him our monitor.We elected him president.,衍生句
13、型He is reported to have studied abroad(主语补足语).,6.主语+不及物动词+状语（主+动+状）/（S+Vi+A）在这种句型中状语是不可少的 He lives in Beijing.The train leaves at 6.They stayed in a hotel.作状语的词是：副词，介词短语,主语+及物动词+宾语+状语（主+动+宾+状）/（S+Vt+O+A）I put the book on the desk.He treat her kindly.英语中的所有句子都是由以上7简单句通过改变：时态，语态，语气，句型（否定句，疑问句，祈使句，倒装句，
14、强调句，省略句,从句）而变来的。,补充：定语，状语什么叫定语？定语是修饰名词的语法成分如果是句子就是定语从句A red car.An honest boy.Fallen treesRunning waterThe book that I bought yesterday is gone.作定语的是形容词，过去分词，现在分词现在回顾以下所有的语法成分,什么是谓语动词？说明主语的动作或状态，一个主句的谓语动词只能有一个,除非是并列的谓语动词找出下列句中的谓语动词Henry is the best student in the class.He opened the door and left.,什
15、么是状语?状语：用于修饰 动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。,1.He is reading carefully.2.He is a very clever boy.3.Jim runs very fast.4.Fortunately,we found him at last.5.He is playing under the tree.6.I went to Beijing by air.7.Henry does exercis
16、e every moning to keep health.8.Beaten by the police,sent to jail,Gandhi invented the pinciple of nonviolent resistance.,并列句的结构由两个或两个以上的简单句并列而成。并列句中的简单句叫分句。结构：简单句+等立连词+简单句They were happy and they deserved their happiness.Honey is sweet,but the bee stings.,复合句的结构由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是从句的主体，往往可以单独存在；而
17、从句仅是全句的一个句子成分，故不能单独存在。从句须用关联词引导，从句按功能可以分为名词性的_形容词性的_副词性的_We met where the road crossed.I forgot to post the letter which I wrote yesterday.,主语从句，宾语*，表语*，同位语*,定语从句,时间状语从句，地点*，条件*，让步*，方式*，目的*,找出下列句中的从句For example:1.What he said is not true.（）2.He said that it was not true.()3.The reason for his absenc
18、e was that he was ill.（)4.The news that he was fired is true.（）,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,5.He is a man who always helps others.()6.I will tell her when she comes back.()7.He got up early in order that he could catch the train.（）8.You will miss the bus if you dont hurry.（）9.He did not stop working
19、though he was ill.(),定语从句/形容词性从句,时间状语从句,目的状语从句,条件状语从句,让步状语从句,翻译这句话：我有一个朋友是警察：,I have a friend who is a policeman.,我有个是警察的朋友,I have a friend is a policeman.,I have a friend,and he is a policeman,I have a is a policeman,主句中只能有一个谓语动词，从句中可以有自己的谓语动词。,结论:要写出正确的句子一定要了解句子的结构,要写出复杂的句子,一定要先写出主句然后再添入其他成分.,Eco-
20、travel is a way.,Eco-travel is a way to find out.,Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants.,整个不定式部分作way的定语,教师节没必要给老师送礼,Teachers day have no necessary to give teachers presents.,Teachers day there is no necessity to give teachers presents.,Its unnecessary for parent
21、s to give teachers presents.,on Teachers Day,The name“whitewater”comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.,The name comes from the fact.,The name“whitewater”comes from the fact.,The name“whitewater”comes from the fact that the water looks white
22、 white.,The name“whitewater”comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white white.,The name“whitewater”comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white white when it moves quickly.,The name comes from the fact,“whitewater”,that the water looks white,in these streams and rivers,when it moves quickly.,时间状语从句,同位语从句,中心句,定语,同位语,
