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1、一、准确找出先行词、关系词、定语从句The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,先行词定语从句所修饰的名词或代词,关系词引导定语从句代替先行词在定语从句中担当一个成分,定语从句,定语从句修饰名词或代词紧跟在先行词后,(,),Have a try,1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.2.I like the book which you bought yesterday.3.The house where he lives needs repairing.4.I still remember t
2、he day which we spent together.,先,关,(,),先,先,先,关,关,关,(,),(,),(,),结构：先行词关系词从句,关系词充当什么成分？,1.The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.2.That is the bike which my father bought for me.3.This is the book whose cover is broken.4.The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.5.Ill never forget the day when I joined
3、the League.,at the hotel,on the day,二、关系词的选择关系代词which，that,who,whom,whose,as 关系副词when,where,why步骤：1.找出先行词 2.划出定语从句,看先行词指人、物、时间、地点、原因,看定语从句中缺什么成分,在从句中作主、宾、定,在从句中作状语,We heard the news_ pleased everybody.which B.where C.whom D.who步骤：1.找出先行词 2.划出定语从句,(,),看先行词指人、物、时间、地点、原因,看定语从句中缺什么成分,先行词,从句缺主语,从句缺宾语,从句缺
4、定语,指人,指物,who/that,whom/that/who,whose,that/which,that/which,whose,（1）先行词指人、物,*which可以指代前面一句话的内容*关系代词作宾语可以省略,1.Alice received an invitation from her boss,_came as a surprise.it B.that C.whichD.he2.The building _ stands near the river is our school.which B.that C.who D.whose3.The doctor _ you are look
5、ing for is in the room.A.whom B.that C.which D.whose,分析定语从句成分缺主语、宾语 用which that缺状语 用 when=介词+whichI still remember the days _ we spent together.when B.what C.that D.in whichI still remember the days _ we worked together.A.when B.what C.that D.for which,先行词指时间,(,),(,),I will never forget the three ye
6、ars _ we both spent in the little village.A.when B.during which C.which D.in which,(,),分析定语从句成分缺主语、宾语 用which that缺状语 用 where=介词+whichThis is the museum _ I visited a few days ago.where B.that C.on which D.the oneThis is the museum _ the exhibition was held.where B.that C.on whichD.the oneIs the exhi
7、bition _ the foreign friends visited yesterday?A.that B.the one C.which D.where,先行词指地点,(,),(,),缺先行词,1.Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?2.Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?3.Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A.that B.where C.which D.the one,B,D,C,A,
8、1.Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?A.where B.when C.that D.what2.Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_ they learn simple games and songs.A.then B.there C.while D.where,(,),),(,3.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and ta
9、lk.（06山东）A.which B.that C.where D.when4.-Do you have anything to say for yourself?-Yes,theres one point _ we must insist on.（06江西）A.why B.where C.how D./,*关系代词作宾语时可以省略,分析定语从句成分缺主语、宾语 用which that缺状语 用 why=for whichIs this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？A.tha
10、t B.what C.how D.whyIs this the reason _ he was late for school？A.that B.which C.how D.why,先行词指原因,(,),(,),He was late for school,for the reason,（1）the way 作先行词，关系词用：（2）time表示“次数”，关系词用：,三、the way、time,that/in which/不填,that/不填,I dont understand the way_they worked out the problem.I could hardly rememb
11、er how many times _Ive failed.,in whichthat省略,that/不填,1.I dont like the way _ he looks at me.A.in that B.which C.of which D./2.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（04湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which,四、that which,指物时，关系代词that 和 which 一般可以互换，但应注意以下情况：,在下列
12、情况下一般用that:,1.Ive read all the books _ you lent me.2.This is the first thing _ I want to say.3.He keeps a record of everything _ he had seen there.4.The TV play I watched last night is the best one _ I have watched this year.5.Tell us about the people and the places _ are different from ours.6.This
13、is the very thing _ I am after.,围绕高考来释难,一、,只用that的情况,练！,1.当先行词是不定代词all much.little.something.everything.anything.nothing.none.the one时,2.当先行词前面有only.any.few.little.no.all.very等词修饰时,3.当先行词是形容词最高级或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时,4.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时,5.当先行词既有人又有物时,6.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时,7.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜
14、用that,在下列情况下要用which,1.当关系代词的前面有介词时.2.在非限制性定语从句中.3.先行词本身是that eg.The clock is that which tells the time.What is that which the dog is running after？,1.先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者被序数词、形容词最高级修饰2.先行词是不定代词时,如:all,few,little,much,something,anything,everything,nothing 等3.先行词既有人又有物时4.先行词被the only,the very,the right 等修
15、饰时5.先行词被 little,few,no,any,much,all,every等修饰时6.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语，常用that。He is not the man that he was.7.在疑问词who、which开头的句子中8.在There be 句型中There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.,在下列情况下一般用that:,1.She is no longer the girl_ she used to be.A.who B.that C.which D.whom,当定语从句中缺表语，用that,B,2.He
16、 was not the man _ he was before.A.who B.whom C.that D.which,C,(,),(,),3.This is the best TV _ is made in China.4.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.,that,that,先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。,五、Whose 的使用,whose+名词=,the+名词+of which/whom,of which/whom+the+名词,1.所属关系2.指人或物3.作定语,
17、This is the book _ is broken _ is broken _ is broken.,whose cover,the cover of which,of which the cover,1.There are in this class 20 students,_ are different.A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whom C.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose,2.Last year,this area was struck by a stron
18、g typhoon,from _ effects the people are still suffering.A.that B.whose C.those D.what,whose,the people are still suffering from typhoons effects.,(,),3.(06福建卷)Look out!Dont get too close to the house _roof is under repair.whose B.which C.of which D.that答案：A,(,),六、as的用法,知识扩充,1.在句中作状语的从句是状语从句,修饰主句中的动词
19、,形容词或副词2.状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。3.分类根据意义上的不同,状语从句可分为:时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句条件状语从句结果状语从句让步状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句,His plan was such a good one that we all agreed to accept it.He speaks so fast that no one can catch him.The shop sells so expensive goods that I want to buy nothing in it.The boy i
20、s so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school,结果状语从句常由so that 或 suchthat引导,译为“如此以至于”。that只起连接作用，不充当成分。,六、as 的用法,as 引导定语从句时，可以指人也可指物通常与the same,such,so等连用在句子中可作主语、宾语或表语We hope to get such a tool as he is using.(as作宾语，指代a tool),(1)辨析：as 与 which,as位置灵活，能置于句首或主句之后
21、，且常有“正如”“正像”之意。which只能置于主语之后 as 用在固定结构中：as is known to all,as we all know,as is said above(综上所述)，as was expected,as often happens 等等。which不能,1、John got beaten in the game,had been expected.AwhoBwhat Cthat Das2、Crusoes dog became ill and died,made him very lonely.Athis Bthat CwhichDas,C,D,（2）辨析：suchs
22、oas与suchsothat,这两个结构主要在句子成分上区分：在suchsoas结构中，as引导定语从句，代替前面的先行词，且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。在suchsothat结构中，that 引导的是状语从句，只起连词的作用，在从句中不作成分。”如此以至于”,Dont talk about such things as you dont understand.从句缺宾语，as作宾语 as引导的定语从句We hope to get such a tool that we can do our work better with it.从句不缺成分，that只起连接作用 that引导的状语从句,I
23、t is so big a stone as we cant lift.从句缺宾语 It is so big a stone that we cant lift it.从句不缺成分,Harry Potter is such an interesting book _ all kids like to read.A.as B that C.D.which,(,),read缺宾语 as作宾语引导定语从句,read后加it,选that,that只起连接作用。,A,（3）辨析：the same as与 the samethat：,the same.as表示一种比较，和.一样 This is the s
24、ame watch as I lost.这和我丢的那只手表一样。the same.that表示同一个 This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那只手表。,My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.Alike Bthat CasDwhich,C,七、介词+关系代词,1.定语从句中，在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom，指谁的用whose,不可省略。2.定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用the+名词the+形容词比较级（最高级）数词代词(most,some few,both),+of+w
25、hichwhom,Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,the price of which was very reasonable.There are two buildings,the larger of which is about 100 meters.He has three sons,two of whom are teachers.I have many friends,some of whom are teachers.,也可说of whom two,也可说of whom some,3.介词如何选择？方法：根据从句中的动词与先行词的
26、关系或习惯搭配（把定语从句补充完整）.,填入适当的介词,1.He is the man _ whom I think you can depend.,(,),on,I think you can depend()the man.,方法：根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系或习惯搭配（把定语从句补充完整）.,2.He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.,(,),with,I am not very familiar()some reference books.,3.He made a hole in t
27、he wall,_ which he could see what was going on outside the house.,先行词是：,a hole,(,),through,he could see what was going on outside the house()a hole.,4、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp.Awhich Bwith Cwith itDwith which5、The brave man,the tiger was shot,is a good hunter.Aof whom Bby tha
28、tCby whom Dby which6、The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.Ain which Bworn byCthrough which Don which,C,A,D,八、定语从句的单复数问题,关系代词做从句主语时1.从句的谓语动词单复数取决于先行词2.先行词是句子时，从句谓语动词用单三I,who _(be)your classmates,will share the work with you.The exams were put off,which _(
29、be)exactly what we wanted.,am,was,注意：,He is one of the students in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise He is the only one in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise,has,have,one of+复数名词 作先行词，从句动词用复数,其前有the only,the very修饰，从句动词用单数,九、成分多余,为避免关系词的重复，被关系词所替代的成分不可在从句中重复出现。He wouldnt see a p
30、lay that no one liked it.Some of the boys whom I invited them didnt come.The factory where he works there is a large one.,十、定语从句与并列句,（1）He has two children,and both of _are abroad.（2）He has two children,both of _are abroad.A.them B.which C.whom D.who,A,C,介词后指人只能用whom,要特别注意句中是否有并列连词and,but等,（3）He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most of _ hadnt been cleaned for ten years.A.these B.those C.that D.which（4）The old man has two sons,_are lawyers.A.both of them B.both of the sons C.both of whom D.both of two,
