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1、第四章 商务英语定语从句的翻译,一.限定性定语从句,限定性定语从句一般可以处理成前置定语或并列句。前置法即把英语中的限制性定语从句译成带“的”字的前置定语(将其置于被修饰词之前，从而使英语的复句变成汉语的单句）,They were sons of the men who had left their homes and gone to the mountains with their broad swords by their side.他们都是那些抛妻弃子、身背大刀进入深山的好汉们的后代。,In the early days of the clipper ships,sailors who
2、went on long voyages would often get a dangerous disease called scurvy.在使用快速帆船的初期，远洋海员们往往会患一种叫做坏死病的危险疾病。,-There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life under the sun.全世界人民在阳光照耀下过上幸福生活的那天会来的。-Those who are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail aft
3、er the meeting.赞成这项提议的人请在会后再详细讨论。,2.后置法,-译成并列句，重复英语先行词 The managing director received a letter from her that announced her resignation.总经理收到了她的信，信中说明她要辞职,You compare her with your English women who wolf down from three to five meat meals a day;and naturally you find her a sylph.你们的英国女人每天狼吞虎咽地吃上三到五餐肉
4、食，你们拿她来比她们，当然觉得她是个窈窕仙女了。,They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese.他们在为实现一个理想而奋斗，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的。,译成并列分句，省略英语先行词A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.燃料是一种物质，在适当的温度下能燃烧并放出热量。,二.非限定性定语从句,1.前置法一些较短而具有描写性的英语非限制性定语从句，可以翻译成汉语的前
5、置定语，放在被修饰的词之前。,His firm,which has suffered from a business slump for three years,now start all over again.他那个萧条了三年的公司，现在又重整旗鼓了。,2.后置法,译成并列句 在译文中将原文的从句后置，重复英语关系代词所代表的含义。He was none of the long-winded prosy speakers,who seem to delight in talking chiefly because they give delight to nobody.他决不是长篇大论、令人
6、乏味的演说家，那些演说家似乎主要以讲话不使人感兴趣为乐趣。,Actually,it isnt.Because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which is something the world does not have.事实并非如此，因为是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。,在译文中将原文从句后置，省略英语关系代词所表达的含义,After dinner,the four key negotiators resumed their talks,which continued w
7、ell into the night.饭后，四个主要谈判代表继续会谈，直到深夜。,译成独立句,I hope your success,which is an inspiration to me,will continue.你的成功对我是个鼓舞.我希望你不断取得成功。,He had talked to Vice-President,who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.他和副总统谈过话。副总统向他保证，凡是能够做到的都将竭尽全力去做。,三分述翻译法,无论是限定性还是非限定性定语从句的翻译，常常存在着一个普
8、遍现象，即把主句与从句分成两个句子来翻译，这就是分述法。,1 将关系代词还原（即把关系代词翻译成它所指代先行词或重复一下先行词）,At dinner I found myself placed between Mrs.Bradley and a shy drab girl who seemed even younger than the others.席间我发现我座位两边分别是布莱得雷太太和一位腼腆而乏味的姑娘。这姑娘看上去比其他人都要年轻。,2 简化或概括先行词,I received the impression of a brutal,clever,competent man who,in
9、 business matters,at all events,would be pitiless.我得到(对这个人)的印象是一个又残酷又精明能干的人；这种人在生意上无论如何都是毫不循情的。,Isabel was a tall girl with the oval face,straight nose,fine eyes and full mouth that appeared to be characteristic of the family.伊沙贝尔是个身材高挑、椭圆脸、直鼻梁、眉清目秀、嘴巴丰满的姑娘。这一切看来都是她家族的特征。,3主从糅合，重新组织,As I came in,Mr.
10、Thompson,who owned the taxicab that used to stand at the corner of our street,waved to me from a table.我进来时，那个开出租车的汤莆逊先生坐在一张桌子边向我招手。他的车子经常停在我们的街角上。,四.带有状语功能的定语从句 的翻译,1.译成表“原因”的分句We know that a cat,whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes,can see clearly in the night.我们知道由于猫的眼睛比我们
11、人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得和清楚。,-For further particulars,youd better apply to Mr.Smith,who has paid particular attention to the subject.若想了解详情，你最好向史密斯先生请教，因为他对这方面特别关注。,2.译成表“结果”的分句,There was something original,independent,and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魄力，所以他们都很喜欢。,3
12、.译成表示“让步”的分句,He lived his life apart from the workers on whose skill he depended.他不跟工人们在一起生活，虽然他离不开他们的熟练技巧。,-He insisted on buying another coat which he had no use for.他非要另买一件外衣，尽管他用不着。,4.译成表“目的”的分句,Private schools in the United States have a wide range of programs that are offered to meet the needs
13、 of certain students.美国私立学校课程种类繁多，以期满足某些学生的不同要求。,-He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.他想写篇文章，以引起公众对这件事的重视。,5.译成表“条件、假设”的分句,Men become desperate for work,any work,which will help them to keep alive their families.人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要能维持一家人的生活就行。,练习,Man poss
14、esses an expressive faculty that goes far beyond gestures,that allows and even compels him to express his thoughts,feedings,dreams,and intuitions.The lungs are subject to several diseases which are treatable by surgery.He insisted on building another house which he had no use for.,Youve given Feldstyn,who dislikes me any how,the chance he was waiting for.Copper,which is used so widely for carrying electricity,offers very little resistance.,
