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1、介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词不能单独作句子成分，而是用来表示名词或代词等和句中其他词的关系，通常放在名词或代词之前，构成介词短语。介词短语作为一个成分在句中可用作定语，表语，状语等。When shall we have the talk on the history of the Party?我们何时听党史报告？（定语）,His elder brother is in the army.他的哥哥在部队。（表语）I went to school at half past seven yesterday.昨天我7：30 上学。（状语）Will you please come along wit
2、h me?跟我一起走好吗？（状语）,（一）About1表示地点：在周围；在各处；在附近。例如：1)We took the foreign guests about the campus.我们带领外宾在校园里各处看看。2）There is a crowd of people about him.一群人围着他。3)I dropped the key somewhere about here.我的钥匙丢在这儿附近了。,4)The children leave their toys about the room.孩子们把玩具扔得满屋子到处都是。2表示时间：大约。；近于。时刻前后。例如：1)We lef
3、t there about six oclock我大约在六点左右离开那个地方。2)About when will the dinner be ready?大约何时能把饭准备好？,3表示客体关系：对于；关于；有关。例如：1)I must see him,Ive heard so much about him我必须要见他，我听到很多关于他的事情。2)What do you know about China?关于中国你知道些啥？3)Whats he so happy about?他为何这样高兴？,（二）Above 1表示位置，职位，数量，年龄等：在。上方；在。之上；超过。例如：1)Henrys wo
4、rk is well above the average.亨利的功课大大超过一般水平。2)A bird is flying above the woods.一只鸟在树林上飞。3)The portrait is above the blackboard.一幅肖像挂在黑板的上方。,4)It weighs above five tons.这东西有5 吨多重。2引申意义：（品质，行为，能力等）超过；超出。之外；因。（太困难，太好等）而不。例如：1）The problem is above me.这个问题太难，我不懂。2）He is above doing such things.他不至于做这样的事情。
5、,He is a man above personal interests.他是一个不考虑自己个人利益的人。John is above all the other boys in his class.约翰的学习成绩超过班上其他的男生。If you want to learn,you mustnt be above asking questions.你要想学习，就不能耻于发问。（三）Across,1表示动作方向，位置：横过；穿过。（在表面）例如：1）The boy helped the old lady across the street.男孩扶老大娘穿过马路。2)The tree had fa
6、llen down across the railway line.树倒啦，横在铁路上。2表示地点：在对面；在。的另一边。例如：1）The church is across the river.,教堂在河的对面。2)Browns house is just across the road from us.布郎的家就在马路的对面。3表示时间：经过（整个一段时间）。例如：1）The revolution developed across the whole century.这场革命整整经历了一百年。,2)The scientific achievements across the 19th cen
7、tury exceeded those of preceeding centuries.整个十九世纪的科学成就超过以前所有世纪的总和。（四）After 1.表示时间或位置：在。之后。例如：1）Please line up one after another.请一个挨一个排好对。,He goes on working day after day,week after week without any change.他继续日复一日地工作，没有丝毫改变。Dont work immediately after a meal.不要一吃完饭，就马上工作。Shut the door after you.随手
8、关门！After you!您先请！,2引伸意义：仿照；按照。例如：1）Please make sentences after the model.请照示例造句。2)Most parents prefer to call their daughter after flowers.很多家长喜欢用花的名称为自己的女儿取明。3引伸意义：追求。例如：1）Who is he after?他追求谁？,2)What are you after?你寻找啥？（五）Against 1表示位置：依着；紧靠；撞击；碰着。例如：1)He rested his bike against the wall.他把自行车靠在墙上
9、。2)The rain was beating against the windows.雨敲打着窗户。,2引伸意义：反对；禁止。例如：1）Are you for it or against it?你是赞成还是反对？2)Is there a law in this country against spitting right and left?你们国家有没有反对随地吐痰的规定？3)He is against this proposal.他反对这个提议。3引伸意义：违背。例如：,1）In the old days many girls were married their own will.在过去
10、，许多姑娘们违背自己的意愿嫁人。2)Ill do what you order me,but it is against my own will.我照你的命令做，但这是违背我的意志的。4引伸意义：防备；准备。例如：1）We must get prepared against war.我们必须备战。,2)They save fire wood against the winter.他们储存木材过冬。（六）Along 表示动作方向，位置：顺着；沿着。例如：1）They walked along the river.他们沿着河走。2)“Pass along the car,please”.said
11、the conductor.售票员说“：请往里走”,（七）Among 表示位置等；在。中间；在。之中（在三者或三者以上之中）。例如：The village lies among the hills.村庄位于群山之中。2)Divide it among you three.你们三人把它分了。3)Shelly is among(=one of)the worlds greatest poets.雪莱是世界上最伟大的诗人之一。,4)Leaders should go in among the masses as often as possible in order to get acquainted
12、 with their working and living conditions.领导应该尽量多到民众中去，以便了解他们的工作和生活状况。Dont be afraid,you are among friends.别害怕，你在朋友中间。（八）At,1表示时间：在。时刻；在。点钟；在。岁（时）例如：1）I will see you at school at nine tomorrow.我明天九点在学校见你。2)Begin at the beginning of the story.从故事的开头开始。3)Children begin schooling at the age of five.孩子们
13、五岁开始上学。,2表示速度，价格等：按。速度；值（卖）。钱。例如：1）The car runs at a speed of 50 miles an hour.汽车以每小时50 英里的速度行驶。2)The book is sold at two dollars.这本书卖两块钱。3表示地点：在。（地点）；在。之上。例如：1）Please enter at the front door.请从前门走。,2)I had my hair cut at the barbers and bought a writing pad at the stationers.我在理发店理了发，又在文具店买了拍纸簿。4表示
14、状态：在。之中。例如：1）The two countries are at war.两国正在交战。2)We are at meeting.我们在开会。3)He is at the desk.他在读书（或办公）,5表示原因：因为；由于（说明某种情绪）。例如：1）We are surprised at your success.我们对你的成功感到非常惊奇。2)They were sad at hearing such bad news.他们听到这样的坏消息很难过。3)She felt glad at what he had said.她听了他的话感到高兴。6表示动作方向；针对着；朝；向（某一目标移
15、动）。例如：,1）He threw a stone at the dog.他朝狗扔了一块石头。He aimed at the bird.他向鸟瞄准。He had to guess at the meaning.他不得不猜测这是啥意思。7引伸意义：在。（号召，召集，请求）下。例如：1）The committee met at the call of the chairman.,在主席的召集下，委员会举行了会议。2)He wrote the letter at our request.他在我们的请求下，写了信。（九）Before1表示时间：在。以前。例如：1）Pride goes before a
16、 fall.骄者比败。2)I met him yesterday,but I knew of him long before that.,我昨天见到了他，不过我很早以前就听说过他。2表示位置：在。前面；当着。的面；例如：1）Harder tasks are before us.我们面前还有更艰巨的任务。3表示次序：先于；在。之前；例如：1）Ladies before gentlemen.男先女后。,2)Make an outline before you start writing.你先拟个提纲再写。Think carefully before you act.你在行动之前，必须仔细想一想。（
17、十）Behind 1表示地点：在。背后；在。后面。例如：1）Never say anything behind a persons back that you wouldnt say to his face.,你不愿意当着一个人的面说的话，也不要在他 背后说。2)The garage is behind the house.汽车房在屋子的后面。3)He came out from behind the door.他从门后出来。2表示时间：迟于；晚于。例如：1）The train is behind time.火车误点了。,2)His ideas are behind the times.他的思
18、想落后于时代。3引伸意义；落后于；不如。例如：1）He is behind other students in English.他的英语不如其他学生。2)It is far behind its neighboring countries.那个国家远远落后于其邻国。,（十一）Below1.表示位置等：在。之下。例如：1）The sun sank below the horizon.太阳落到地平线以下。2)The temperature today is below freezing point.今天的温度在冰点以下。2.表示数量，程度，年龄，能力等：低于；在。以下。例如：,1）He is be
19、low me in the class.他在班上的程度不如我。2)He is below her in intelligence.他的知识比她差。（十二）Beside1.表示地点：在。旁边；在。附近。例如：1）He sat beside me at dinner.他吃饭时坐在我身旁。,2)He kept sentry beside the house.他在这所房子附近站岗。引伸意义：与。相比。例如：My work is poor beside yours.我的工作和你相比太差。2)You are quite tall beside your sister.跟你的妹妹相比你可真高。3.引伸意义：
20、在。之外；与。无关；不中（目标）；离（题）。例如：,That is beside the question/point那是离题了。2)He was beside himself with anger.他气得难以自制。（十三）Besides 除。以外（相当于“+”）例如：There are many others besides me who disagree with what you say.除了我以外，还有许多人不同意你的说法。,（十四）Beyond1.表示位置：在（或向）。那边。例如：1）The woods go far about two miles beyond the river.
21、这片森林延伸到河的那边大约两英里。2）They came from beyond the seas.他们从海外来。2.表示时间：迟于。例如：1)Some shops keep open beyond midnight.,有些商店营业到半夜以后。2）She came back beyond the fixed time.她过了约定的时间才回来。3.表示范围，限度：超出，越出。例如：1)The explanation is quite beyond me这个解释我完全不懂。2)Good advice is beyond price.有益的劝告是无价之宝。3)He lives beyond his
22、income.,他入不敷出。4)That is going beyond a joke.那玩笑可开大了。（十五）but 除了。例如：1)He eats nothing but fruit.除了水果他啥也不吃。2)I havent told anybody but you.除了你我谁也没有告诉。,（十六）By1.表示地点：在。旁；在。身边。例如：Come and sit by me.坐到我身边来。There is a house by the river.河边有一所房子。2.表示方式，手段；靠；用；通过。例如：1)The sawing is done by machine.锯木头的活儿由机器来做
23、。,2)She angered her father by refusing to continue her studies.她不肯继续学习，她父亲生气了。3)She earns her living by selling matches.她靠卖火柴生活。4)Did you come by train/sea/air?你是乘火车？3.表示程度，尺寸，数量：按；以。例如：,1)He is paid by the hour.人家按小时付给他钱。2)He won the race by about two yards.他以大约两吗的距离领先而在赛跑中取胜。3)Sugar is sold by the
24、 poun。糖论磅出售。4.表示时间：到。时候（为止）；不迟于。例如：,1)He will certainly come by three oclock.他到三点钟肯点回来。2)By the end of last year,they had learned 2000 words.到去年底，他们已学会2000个单词。5.表示动作方向，位置：经过；沿着。例如：1）I go by his office every day.2)He passed by me without saying anything.3)He went by the hill road.,（十七）Down1.表示动作方向：沿着
25、。往下。例如：1)The boy fell down the stairs and broke his arm.这个男孩从楼梯上摔下来，摔断了胳膊。)He went down the hill.他下了山。）The boat sails down the river.小船顺流而下。,2.表示动作方向：（由北）往南；（由郊区）往市区；（由住宅区）往商业区。例如：1)They went down town together that afternoon.那天下午他们一起进城。2)I was down Wangfujing Street doing a bit of shopping.我刚才去王府井大
26、街买了一点儿东西。（十八）During,表示时间：在。期间；在。时候。例如：We gave a lot of trouble during our stay here.我们待在这里的时候，给你添了许多麻烦。（十九）except除。之外（相当于“）例如：1）We have lessons every day except Sunday.我们除了星期天之外，每天都有课。,2)Everyone was present except me.除了我，每个人都在场。（二十）for1.表示行为目的，对象：为。；替（代）；对于。例如：1)He is the man for the job.他是做这事适当的人选
27、。2)I wrote a letter for him.我替他写了一封信。,3)The company has 1000 men working for it.这个公司有一千人。4)That will be dad for your health.那将有损于你的健康。2.引伸意义：赞成；支持。例如：Who says for a picnic?谁赞成出去野餐。The decision was for a strike.决议赞成罢工。,3.引伸意义：限定于；供。用的。例如：1)These tickets are for tomorrow.这些票是明天的。2)Here is a letter for
28、 you.这儿有你一封信。4.引伸意义：至于；就。而言。例如：1)It is cold for September.就九月份来说，这天气是过冷了。,2)He is big for his age.就他这个年龄来说，他算个子大的。3)So much for today.今天就讲（做）到这里。5.表示目标，去向：向；去；往。例如；1)The train for Shanghai leaves from No.6 platfrom.去上海的火车从六站台开出。2)Lets go out for dinner.我们出去吃饭吧。,6.引伸意义：当作；作为。例如：1）I took him for an ho
29、nest man.我把他当做一个诚实的人。2)Most of the houses are now for offices.大多数房子都当作办公室用的。3)I hold it for certain.我以为那是确实的。7.表示原因：因为；由于。例如：1)He was sent to prison for stealing.他因偷窃被捕入狱。,2)She could not speak for tears.她泣不成声。8.表示时间，距离，数量：计；达。例如：1）I wont be here for long.我不打算在这儿长住。2)I havent seen her for a year or
30、so.我有一年左右没有看见他了。（二十一）From,1.表示起点，来源：自。；从。起；从。来。例如：1)The train starts from Beijing and goes to Nanjing.火车从北京出发，开往南京。2)It is a letter from my father.这是我父亲写来的信。3)From the masses,to the masses.从群众中来，到群众中去。2.表示距离，间隔：离；例如：,1）My house is far from here.我的家离这很远。2)Far from eye,far from heart.眼不见，心不烦。3.表示原因，动机
31、：出于；由于。例如：1)He acted from a sense of duty.他出于责任感才这样做的。2)He is suffering from a cold.他患感冒了。4.表示原料：用。制成（是一种化学反映）。例如：,1)Steel is made from iron.钢是生铁炼成的。2)Wine is made from grape.葡萄酒是用葡萄酿造的。（二十二）in1.表示地点，场所：在。里；在。上。例如：1)He lives in a village.他住在一个村里。2)She carried a bag in her hand.,她手里拿着一个提包。It is cool
32、in the shade.树阴下凉爽。2.表示状态，情况，境遇，服饰：处于。中。例如：1)The Party was not in power then.党在那时不处于掌权的地位。2)She is in white.她穿着白衣服。3)He nodded in satisfaction.,4)She is in her early twenties.她刚二十出头。3.表示时间：在。期间；在。以后；在。时间内。例如：1)I will come back in a week.我过一星期回来。2)He became a teacher in 2000.他在2000年成为教师。4.表示范围，领域：在。方
33、面；在。之内。例如：1)Im weak in English.,我的英语不佳。2)Did you have any difficulty in doing it?做这件事你碰到困难了吗？5.表示方式：以；用。例如：1)Say it in English.用英语说。2)Lets arrange the chairs in ten rows.让我们把椅子排成十行。3）I will take you there in my car.我用我的汽车带你去。,（二十三）into1.表示动作方向：到。里。例如：1)He fell into the river.他落入河中。2)The children wen
34、t into the room.孩子们进屋了。2.表示时间：进入（到）。例如：1)We passed out of children into manhood.我们从童年进入成年。2)They usually work far into the night.,他们通常工作 到深夜。3.表示变化状态：成；为；转入；变成。例如：1)The glass broke into pieces.杯子摔成碎片。2)Turn the following sentences into English.将下列句子译成英语。3)The rain turned into snow.雨变成雪。（二十四）like,1)Y
35、our pen is just like mine.你的笔和我的一样。2)Dont look at me like that.别那样看我。3)The moon looks like a silver plate.月亮看上去象个银盘子。（二十五）Near 1.表示时间，空间：接近；靠近；在。近旁；快要。例如：Henry is sitting near the window.,亨利靠窗坐着。2)The post office is near our school.邮局靠近我们学校。3)He is near fifty.他近五十了。4)He went near being drowned.他差点淹死
36、。（二十六）Of Of的原始概念是“属于”来自“构成”等。,它的用法十分复杂，这里只举最主要的方面。1.表示从属关系：（属于）。的；（关于）。的。例如：1)They are fine sons and daughters of the Chinese people.他们是中华民族的优秀儿女。2)The wall of the city has been removed.城墙已被拆除。3)There is a map of China on the wall.,墙上有一幅中国地图。4)I have heard of him.我听说过他。2.表示同位关系。例如：1)Xiao Li is a foo
37、l of man.小李是一个傻里傻气的人。2)He came from the city of Beijing.他从北京来。3)It took place in the month of May.那件事发生在五月。,3.表示动宾关系。例如：1)It is just a waste of time.那完全是浪费时间。2)the exploitation of man by man.人对人的剥削。4.表示“剥夺”“除去”等义。例如：1)We must get rid of feudalism.我们必须消灭封建主义。2)He was robbed of his purse.他被抢走了钱包。,3)Th
38、e doctor cured me of my illness.医生治愈了我的病。（二十七）off1.表示距离：从。离开（脱去，去掉）；与。相隔离。例如：1)Keep off the glass.勿踏草地。2)Take your hands off the book.把你的手从桌上拿开。3)The cover has come off the book.,书皮从书上脱落了。4）The island is off the coast.岛在海岸外（不远处）。2.引伸意义：（路等）从。分岔。例如：He lives in a lane off the main road.他住在大路旁的一个胡同里。（二
39、十八）On1.表示地点：在。上（与。接触）例如：,1)He put the book on the table.他把书放在桌子上。2)The fly is on the ceiling.苍蝇在天花板上。3)There were water colors on the wall.墙上有水彩画。2.表示时间：在。（星期几，某日，某日的早，午，晚，夜等的）时候。例如：,1）He came on the 15th of May.他是五月十五来的。2）He will be back on the morning of March 2.他将在三月二日早晨回来。3.引伸意义：从事。，处于。情况中。例如：1）
40、He is on duty now.他在值班。2）The house is on fire.房子着火了。,3）They are on holiday.他们在读假。4）He came to Beijing on business.他来北京出差。4.表示关系：关于；论及。例如：1）What about your idea on the subject?关于这个问题你有什么看法？2）I congratulate you on your success.祝贺你的成功。,3）Im sorry to differ from you on that question.很抱歉，在那个问题上我和你的观点不同。5
41、.表示动作方向：向着；对着。例如：1）He smiled on me.他对着我笑。2）They made an attack on the enemy.他们向敌人进攻。(二十九)Over.,1.表示地点：在。上方（与。不接触）；在。上面。例如：1）The sky is over our heads.我们头顶蓝天。2）The plane flew over the house.飞机掠过房屋。3）There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。2.表示动作趋向：越过；从。上边过去。例如：1）He jumped over a trench.,他跳过壕沟。2）The t
42、hief got over the wall and ran away.贼越墙逃走了。3.引伸意义：遍及；（复习，检查等）从头至尾（经过）；全；到处。例如：1）English is spoken all over the world.全世界人都说英语。2）Will you look over the exercise and if there are errors?请你把练习检查一边，看看有什么错误。,4.引伸意义：在。方面；关于；为；由于；对于。例如：1）He often has a headache over English grammar.他为英语语法而头疼。2）We argued ov
43、er the matter.我们为那事而争论。3）It is use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。(三十)Past,1表示动作方向：从。旁过去。例如：1）He walked past the door.他从门边走过。2）The car drove past the house.汽车开过那所房子。2.表示时间，年龄，数量，程度，行动，范围，限度，能力等：超过；越过。：例如：1）He is a boy past twelve.他是个十而多岁的孩子。,2）Is it past three oclock?过三点了吗？3）It is past repair.这东西没法修补了。
44、4）He is past cure.他的病无法医治了。5）The situation is past(=beyond)hope.局势已无法挽回了。,6）Its past all belief.简直不可思议。（三十一）Round,Around(意义基本相同，around 多用于美国，round 多用于英国。)1。表示动作趋向：围绕着；绕过；向。四周。例如：1）The earth travels round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。2)The car flowed round the obstruction in the road.,汽车绕过路上的障碍物行使。2。表示地点：在。周围；在。附
45、近；在。各处；在。范围内。例如：1)We showed the visitors around the school.我们领参观者在校内各处转转。2)I spent the afternoon going round the factory.我花了一个下午在厂里参观。3)We sat around the fire.,我们围火而坐。4)They built a fence round the house.他们在房子周围筑了一道篱笆。5)The post office is just round the corner.邮局就在拐角处。（三十二）Through 1。表示空间：穿过；通过；贯穿。（在
46、内部过）例如：,1）The river flows through the town from west to east.这条河从西至东流过城市。2）He hammered a nail through the lid of the box.他把一个钉子钉入箱盖。3）There is a path through the fields.有一条越过田野的小径。2。表示时间：从。开始到结束；从头到尾经过。例如：,1）He sat through a lecture.他听完一堂课。2）They worked through the night.他通宵工作。3。表示方式，手段，原因等：经由；以。通过；
47、透过；因为。例如：1）He learned English through TV.他通过电视学英语。2）We learn to speak through speaking.我们通过会话学会会话。,3）I succeeded chiefly your help.我的成功主要由于你的帮助。4）We lost ourselves through not knowing the way.因为不认识路，我们迷路了。5）George got through the exam.乔治通过了考试。6）I see through this rascal.我看透了这个流氓。,7）He went through m
48、any hardships over the past 20 years.他在过去的二十年间，经历了许多艰辛。(三十三)to 1.表示动作方向：到；向；往。例如：1)She is going to America on Friday.她要去美国。2)We went to the countryside.我们到农村去。,2.表示间接关系：给；于。例如：1)Did you send the letter to her?你寄信给她啦？2)To whom did you send the message?你捎口信给谁啦？3.表示行为目的：为了。例如：1)He came to her aid.他来帮助她
49、。2)Lets drink to your success.,为你的成功干杯。3)He failed to my disappointment.他失败了，令我失望。4.表示时间，程度：直到。为止；在。之前；到。程度。例如：1)It is now five to six.现在是六点差五分。2)He is wet to the skin.他全身湿透了。,3)We will fight to the end.我们将战斗到底。5.表示方向，位置：在；位于。（在外部）。例如：1)The house looks to the south.房子坐北朝南。2)France lies to the south
50、of England.法国在英国的南边。（三十四）towards,1。表示动作方向：朝；向。例如：1）We were walking towards the school when we met him.碰见他时，我们正朝学校走。2）She sat with her back towards the window.她背靠窗户而坐。2。表示客体关系：对于。例如：1）Is he friendly towards us?他是以友好的态度对待我们的吗？,2）What is his attitude towards war?他对战争态度如何？3）I felt friendly towards him.我
