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1、数量增减的翻译,一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by名词比较级thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词to+n.译为：增加到。或减少到。Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。,数量增减的翻译二、百分数增减的表示法与译法,1.表示增减意义的动词The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了352.表示增减意义的动词byRetail salses shou
2、ld rise by 8%。商品零售额应增加3The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少603.表示减少意义的动词to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20,数量增减的翻译,4.比较级 than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9。5.比较级 名词表示净减数The new
3、-type machine wasted 10 percent energy supplied.新型机械能耗量净减106.a+%+increase表示净增数There is a 20%increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增207.+(of)名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的608.%up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in thi
4、s province was 20%percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20,数量增减的翻译,三、英语倍数句型及其译法英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样，其中有 一些（如下文中的句型、（12）等，见圈码）很容易译错其主要原因在于：英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。倍数增加(一)A is n times as great（long，much，）as B.（）A is n times greater（longer，more，）than B.（）A is n times the size（length，amount，）of B.()
5、以上三句都应译为；A的大小（长度，数量，）是B的n倍或A比B大（长，多，）n-1倍.Eg.This book is three times as long as（three times longer than，three times the length of）that one.这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍（即长两倍）。注：当相比的对象B很明显时，than（as，of）B常被省去。,数量增减的翻译,（二）increase to n times（）increase n timesn-fold（）increase by n times（）increase by a factor of n（）以上四式
6、均应译为：增加到n倍（或：增加n-1倍）。Eg.The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year.集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。Eg.The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986 化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。,数量增减的翻译,Eg.That can increase metabolic rates by two or three tim
7、es.那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍（即提高1倍或2倍）。Eg.The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.漏电压增加了3倍（即增加到原来的4倍）。注：在这类句型中increase常被raise，grow，go/step up，multiply等词所替代。,数量增减的翻译,倍数减少（一）A is n times as small（light，slow，）as B.（12）A is n times smaller（lighter，slower，)than B.（13）以上两句均应译为：A的大小（重量，速度，）是B的1/n或
8、A比B小（轻，慢，）（n-1）/n。Eg.The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16（即比氧原子约轻15/16）。Eg.This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半（即是普通纸厚度的1/2）。注：当相比的对象B很明显时，than/as B常被省去。,数量增减的翻译,（二）decrease n times/n-fold（14）decrease by n times（15）decr
9、ease by a factor of n（16）以上三式均译为：减少到1/n或：减少(n-1)/n。decrease常被reduce，shorten，goslow down等词替代。Eg.Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3（即缩短到2/3）。Eg.When the voltage is stepped up by ten times the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times.电压升高9倍，电流强度便
10、降低9/10（即90）。,数量增减的翻译,（三）There is a n-fold decrease/reduction 应译为：减至1/n 或：减少（n一1）/n。（17）这个句型还有其它一些形式，Eg.A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed 发现迅速减少到1/7。Eg.The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight.这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。,将下列句子译成英语,速度等于距离与时间之比。本文对其性能做了初步的分析。该电阻器上的
11、电压为总电压的3/5这个系数比那个小10倍这里使用了两种方法的结合来设计共发放大气（common-emitter amplifier）在这种情况下，每个部件底部的压力是相同的，所以该系统处于平衡状态。,线图：line/curve chart,极值：峰值：peak(v.&n.),summit(v.&n.),highestpoint 谷值：touchthebottom(v.),nadir(n.),lowestpoint 稳定时期：plateau(n.高原),lowerstationaryphase(低稳时期)Apossibleanswer:(Band6.5)Accordingtothecurvec
12、hart,dailyelectricityneedishigherinwinter(38,000unitsonaverage)thaninsummer(18,000unitsonaverage).Inwinter,electricityconsumptionpeaksat2:00amand10:00pmwhileittouchesthebottomat0:00amand8:00am.Ontheotherhand,insummer,itsummitsat2:00pmand11:00pm,buthasanadirat9:00amandalowerstationaryphasefrom4:00pmt
13、o9:00pm.,1 Speed is equal to the ratio of distance to time.2 An initial analysis of its performance has been made in this paper.3 The voltage across this resistor is three-fifths(of)the total voltage.4 This coefficient is a factor of 11 times less than that one.5 Here a combination of the two method
14、s is used to design a common-emitter amplifier.6 In this case,the pressure at the bottom of each component is the same,so the system is in balance.,图形作文,按照图形的种类（柱、线、饼、表和流程图）进行分类讲解，线图时侧重数据的动态变化描述，饼图时可能需要重点讲解百分比表达，表格数据较多时可能需要讲到数据分类的思路等。另一种方式是按照数据的体现形式（横比、纵比、百分比）进行思路和语言的总结。图：chart,graph,diagram线：line/c
15、urve chart柱图：bar/column graph饼：pie diagram表：table/statistics/figures,ThebargraphdemonstratesthatthemostUKvisitorswenttoFranceandSpain,whichwere11.0and9.5million.Also,manyBritishtravelerswereattractedbytheUSA(4.0million),Greece(3.5million)andTurkey(2.0million).,复杂柱图:bar/column graph,复杂柱图:bar/column g
16、raph,90%ofthosewhoheldaskilledvocationaldiplomaweremen,comparedwithonly10%ofwomen.Morewomenheldundergraduatediplomas(70%)andmarginallymorewomenreacheddegreelevel(55%).Menwithpostgraduatediplomasclearlyoutnumberedtheirfemalecounterparts(70%and30%respectively),饼图：pie diagram,“占”：Occupy Besharedby Acco
17、untfor Beresponsiblefor Beinchargeof Beinthechargeof 百分比:Asmallpercentageof(X%)Aquarterof Theminorityof(X%)(小部分)Halfof Themajorityof(X%)Mostof(X%)One-fifthof Apossibleanswer:(Band6.5),饼图：pie diagram,Thepiegraphdemonstratesthatheatingroomsandwateroccupiesthemajorityofelectricityconsumption(52.5%).The
18、n,17.5%oftheelectricitydemandissharedbyovens,kettlesandwashingmachines.Lighting,TV,radioandvacuumcleaners,foodmixers,electrictoolsareresponsiblefortherest,with15%each.,表格：table/statistics/figures,表格：table/statistics/figures,数字引入：图表引用数字的三种主要方法 分词短语：Onaverage,11%ofallhouseholds,comprisingalmo-sttwomil
19、lionpeople,wereinthisposition.括号：Couplesgenerallytendedtobebetteroff,withlowerpovertylevelsforcoupleswithoutchildren(7%)thanthosewithchildren(12%).,表格：table/statistics/figures,介词短语：However,thoseconsistingofonlyoneparentorasingleadulthadalmostdoublethisproportionofpoorpeople,with21%and19%respectively.词数填充Wordfiller：这些表达没有实际意义，考试的时候可以填充词数。Itisnoticeablethat Itiseasytoseethat Itisobviousthat,常用句型:,It is assumed that：人们认为 It is said that：据说 It is learned that：据闻 It is supposed that：据推测 It is considered that：据估计 rather than：而不是 not to mention：更不用说 let alone：更不用说,
